浅谈中小企业盈余管理问题

随着我国改革的发展,盈余管理问题也受到了大家的广泛关注。盈余管理是现代会计理论研究中一个重要领域,对盈余管理问题开展深入的研究,不仅有助于推动会计理论的发展,而且对会计原则的制订和会计实务变革,甚至对于中小企业的会计行为以及企业的长远发展都产生较大的影响。     

浅议环境管理会计

如何让绿色环境融入到企业会计中,无论是理论还是实践,都成为当今社会关注的问题。环境管理会计的理论研究和实务在国外蓬勃发展了十多年,但在我国仍处于理论探讨阶段。本文围绕环境管理会计展开论述,提出在我国建立环境管理会计的必要性,并阐述了环境管理会计的定义及其理论基础,同时概述了环境管理会计在企业管理中的重要作用。     

管理会计在我国应用中存在的问题及对策探讨

20世纪70年代末期,为适应改革开放后的新形势,我国会计学术界对西方管理会计进行了大量的引进、消化和吸收工作,对于普及管理会计的理论与方法起了重要作用。管理会计从西方引入我国已达20余年之久,但在理论研究上,还没有形成一套符合当前我国建立市场经济体制的管理会计理论,使我国的管理会计理论研究明显滞后于经济发达国家的水平。本文拟对管理会计在我国的应用现状、存在问题及其对策作一些探讨。     

管理会计在我国应用中存在的问题及对策探讨

20世纪70年代末期,为适应改革开放后的新形势,我国会计学术界对西方管理会计进行了大量的引进、消化和吸收工作,对于普及管理会计的理论与方法起了重要作用.管理会计从西方引入我国已达20余年之久,但在理论研究上,还没有形成一套符合当前我国建立市场经济体制的管理会计理论,使我国的管理会计理论研究明显滞后于经济发达国家的水平.本文拟对管理会计在我国的应用现状、存在问题及其对策作一些探讨.     

管理会计研究评述与边界扩展--基于理论与实务焦点对比分析的研究

随着我国市场经济的发展,管理会计理论不断完善和进步,在过去的二十年,管理会计取得了重大突破,各种新颖的管理会计方式方法层出不穷,对社会各方面产生了深远的影响,而在这一过程中,管理会计理论研究也呈现出蓬勃发展的良好态势。基于这一情况,首先梳理了近年来我国相关领域的文献资料,找出我国管理会计理论研究的主流方向和热点问题;然后通过对权威机构所提供的实务调查报告的分析,系统总结了国内外管理会计务实研究的焦点;最后将理论研究热点和实务研究焦点进行了对比分析,期望为我国管理会计研究方向的确立提供必要的数据支持和理论基础。     

管理会计研究评述与边界扩展——基于理论与实务焦点对比分析的研究

随着我国市场经济的发展,管理会计理论不断完善和进步,在过去的二十年,管理会计取得了重大突破,各种新颖的管理会计方式方法层出不穷,对社会各方面产生了深远的影响,而在这一过程中,管理会计理论研究也呈现出蓬勃发展的良好态势。基于这一情况,首先梳理了近年来我国相关领域的文献资料,找出我国管理会计理论研究的主流方向和热点问题;然后通过对权威机构所提供的实务调查报告的分析,系统总结了国内外管理会计务实研究的焦点;最后将理论研究热点和实务研究焦点进行了对比分析,期望为我国管理会计研究方向的确立提供必要的数据支持和理论基础。     

管理会计理论研究综述

本文对管理会计的定义、主体、内容以及基本理论等问题进行了综述，介绍了我国建立管理会计理论框架的研究情况，对管理会计的理论研究现状进行了评价，以期为管理会计的研究与应用提供参考。     

战略管理会计探究

一、战略管理会计应用过程中存在的问题 1.战略管理会计理论普及程度不高。在我国，战略管理会计仍处于理论研究和学术探讨阶段，没有形成统一、完整的理论体系，也未得到有效的普及，这也就为在实践中实施战略管理会计增加了难度。     

管理会计的变迁与理论体系建设研究

20世纪90年代以来,我国侧重对财务会计领域的研究,特别是集中在对财务会计理论体系的建立与完善,从而忽视了对管理会计理论的研究。从20世纪20年代至今,管理会计逐渐从财务会计中分离出来,成为一门独立的学科。然而,管理会计无论是在理论基础还是在实务上,始终没有形成一套完整规范的理论体系作为指引。更重要的是,管理会计在企业管理中正扮演越来越重要的角色,因此对它的研究需要足够重视。本文正是基于这一点,立足于管理会计的实际需要,通过整理国内外管理会计理论和研究方法,结合我国国情提出构建我国管理会计理论体系,逐渐完善我国管理会计的理论。     

管理会计在企业的应用探讨

我国会计界对管理会计领域的研究却缺乏应有的重视,我国的管理会计无论是在理论研究还是在实践应用方面,同美、英等西方发达国家相比都存在着很大的差距。可以说,我国的管理会计近年来既遭遇到很大的挑战与危机,也存在着极好的机遇和发展前景。本文拟对我国管理会计应用的现状,以及我国今后开展管理会计研究的发展方向等问题进行较为深入的探讨。     

构建适应信息技术发展要求的成本核算新模式

传统的成本会计系统存在许多内在的缺陷,近年来引进的一些成本管理新工具,如作业成本法也暴露出一些问题。如何适应现代化条件下企业成本管理的需求,克服现行成本管理中存在的各种问题,文章结合信息技术手段构建一套创新的成本核算模式。     

Accounting,organizations & institutions. Essays in honour of Anthony Hopwood

In this article we discuss the motivation for and role of theory in management accounting. We argue that theories in an applied field such as management accounting research should provide explanations that are useful for those we study – managers, organizations and society. We evaluate the nature of theories currently used and developed. Those theories that are considered theories by the research community are largely imported from other disciplines, but have hardly anything that makes them unique to management accounting. Those theories that are not currently regarded as theories by many of our colleagues attempt to explain how to apply management accounting to achieve superior performance. We argue that both forms of theories, at present, largely fail to provide valid support for practitioners. We contend that management accounting theory should help us to answer questions of what kind of management accounting systems we should apply, how, in what circumstances, and how to change them. We provide suggestions on how management accounting research could proceed to produce better theories in this regard.     

浅议企业内部会计控制

财务会计管理是企业内部管理的重要环节,是一项重要的综合性的管理工作。企业内部会计控制是企业现代化管理的必然产物,也是建立现代企业制度的内在要求和企业管理的重要内容。良好的内部会计控制是合理处理企业的利益相关方关系、完善公司治理的保障,也是控制企业运行,提高企业的经济效益和实现投入资本保值和增值的基础。本文首先论述了企业内部会计控制的含义、内容、目标及实施原则,然后按照发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的思路展开论述,在分析我国企业内部会计控制过程中出现的问题及原因的基础上,提出了加强我国企业内部会计控制的思路和措施。     

会计行为独立性的经济学思考

会计行为是一项很重要的经济管理活动,在社会经济发展过程中起着举足轻重的作用。会计行为缺乏独立性将会引发一系列问题,最终导致会计信息失真。会计行为独立是提高会计信息质量的前提条件和根本保证。本文阐述了会计行为独立性的内涵,从经济学角度分析了会计行为缺乏独立性的影响,提出了提高会计行为独立性的途径。     

我国企业内部会计控制问题浅议

会计控制是企业管理的一部分。然而,我国企业内部会计控制方面存在着诸多的问题,导致了内部会计控制的弱化,笔者对此进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策建议。     

Insights to be gained from the study of ancient accounting history: some reflections on the new edition of Finley's The Ancient Economy

Accounting historians have attempted to relate their knowledge of the variety of accounting practices at various points of time, and in various places, to wider questions of the role of accounting in reflecting and shaping not only business and management practice, but also economic and social organization more generally. Finley's classic The Ancient Economy, which analysed the embeddedness of ancient economic activity in the social structure, and in the status concerns of the free citizens, as constituting a brake on the development of profit-focused markets and correspondingly on technology and trade, saw the state of ancient accounting as itself making impossible sophisticated profit-oriented calculation and rational decision-making. In his monumental The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World, de Ste. Croix rejected Finley's analysis in terms of Weberian 'status' in favour of an explicitly Marxist analysis based on ‘class’. But he took up essentially the same argument about the economic impact of ancient accounting technique. Their argument in turn raises further questions about the general relationship between accounting practice and economic and social organization in the ancient world. This paper comments on Finley and briefly surveys the contribution to answering some of the ‘big’ questions concerning both accounting and history that has been made by recent research into ancient accounting history (most of which has been published outside the accounting and accounting history journals).     

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS: ERP VERSUS BOB

The purpose of this study is to compare the use of enterprise resource planning (ERP) and best of breed (BoB) standalone systems in practice. The data for the study were collected through a postal questionnaire in 300 large and middle-sized industrial units in Finland. The questionnaire addressed questions concerning IS implementation (why, how and by whom the IS project was introduced), management accounting function, and the use of advanced management accounting techniques. The results obtained indicate that financial departments have been more interested in traditional BoB systems, while other departments have concentrated more on ERP solutions. Further, as the articulated motives behind the IS project were strategic, and moreover technical in nature, the solution in most cases was ERP, while in the cases where motives were either strategic or technical, the choice was BoB. Otherwise, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups of BoB or ERP adopters, and the problems perceived in management accounting or the adoption of advanced management accounting techniques (e.g. ABC, ABM and BSC).     

Disclosed Values of Option-Based Compensation – Incompetence,Deliberate Underreporting or the Use of Expected Option Life?

Abstract

This paper provides a commentary on Mark Christensen's (2005) analysis of the role of private sector management consultants in the pursuit of accruals-based accounting reforms in the state of New South Wales. The commentary gives particular consideration to the role and responsibilities of public sector officials in choosing to pursue accruals-based accounting reforms. It questions the claimed knowledge basis underpinning such an initiative and reviews the more general pertinence of accruals accounting to practical public sector financial management issues. In seeking to reinforce a number of the messages emanating from Christensen's work, the commentary makes a number of suggestions for developing accounting research in this area. In particular, it emphasises the need to enhance understanding of the operation of accrual accounting systems in practice, the epistemic ‘communities’ serving to promote them and the importance of challenging the privileged status so often attached to such reforms/technologies.     

信息价值及效益的计量

现代管理会计作为一个信息系统,必须彻底改变传统的不计信息成本、不考虑信息效益的情况,要求管理会计信息的形成和使用以信息经济学原理为指导,使信息的效果及其经济性两个方面统一起来,在创建一个管理信息系统、获取一项经济信息时,要按其"效益"(价值减成本后的余额)的大小来比较和选择不同的管理会计信息系统和信息来源渠道。那么,什么是信息成本、信息价值,信息效益又应如何计量呢?本文试对此作一浅述。     

Diffusion of an Accounting Innovation: Fixed Asset Accounting in the NHS in Wales

As part of ‘New Public Management’ in the UK, changes have been made to the accounting regime. These changes typically involve the adoption of private sector accounting and budgeting approaches using accruals accounting. The process by which new ideas are spread is known as diffusion; this paper deals with the aspect of diffusion relating to the imposition of a new idea, accruals accounting, and how it is absorbed by the organisation, in this case the NHS in Wales. In particular, the paper questions whether the lack of secondary diffusion is limiting the influence of the new accounting approach. To analyse the level of diffusion we have focused on one aspect, namely, information on capital assets. The paper uses a mixture of qualitative and quantitative research methods including in-depth interviews with senior managers at two NHS Trusts and a questionnaire survey with responses from senior finance staff in all NHS Trusts in Wales. We conclude that the diffusion of accruals accounting for fixed assets has been restricted to the primary level at the top layer of management and has not penetrated below that level. There is evidence of continuing managerial indifference to the accruals accounting consequences of owning fixed assets.