提高我国企业声誉机制作用效率的对策研究

从分析传统的声誉机制作用机理研究的不足入手,具体探讨了影响企业声誉机制作用效率的4个因素,即声誉惩罚机制的有效性、市场中进行声誉管理企业的比例、声誉信息的可靠性和声誉标准,并从这4个影响因素的角度,提出了提高我国企业声誉机制作用效率的对策。     

Variable temptations and black mark reputations

Reputations often guide sequential decisions to trust and to reward trust. We consider situations where each player is randomly matched with a partner in every period. One player – the truster – decides whether to trust. If trusted, the other player – the temptee – has a temptation to betray. The strength of temptation, private information to the temptee, varies across encounters. Betrayals are recorded as publicly known black marks. First, we identify equilibria when players only condition on the number of a temptee's black marks. Second, we show that conditioning on the number of interactions as well as on the number of black marks does not prolong trust. Third, we examine stochastic variations where black marks may be forgotten. Perhaps surprisingly, such variations do not improve outcomes. Fourth, when players condition on more general summary statistics of a temptee's past, we study equilibria where trust is suspended temporarily.     

企业创新网络声誉治理研究综述

声誉治理对企业创新网络具有重要意义。基于声誉治理研究相关文献,全面回顾与系统梳理已有研究成果。理清企业创新网络声誉的内涵及特征;明晰企业创新网络声誉治理动因,归纳企业创新网络的声誉治理机制,总结企业创新网络的声誉治理绩效;最后探析当前企业创新网络声誉治理研究存在的主要问题及未来研究方向。     

新创企业如何建立声誉:一个文献综述

建立声誉对于新创企业具有重要意义。全面回顾相关研究文献,对已有研究进行了系统总结。首先梳理了企业声誉的定义与内涵,然后介绍了新创企业声誉的维度与测量、来源、发展阶段、建立方式、效应与前置因素,最后提出了当前研究中存在的主要问题及未来研究方向。     

“四维度”模式高校声誉危机管理策略探析

近几年各类民间组织和非营利组织遍地开花,在一定程度上为社会营造了和谐安定的良好氛围。但由于组织内部制度的不完善,以及对外界的环境变化敏感度不够,许多非营利组织在其运行的过程中常常面临种种危机,影响到组织的声誉信用,使组织在社会中的形象受损,阻碍自身的生存和发展。文章在探讨组织进行声誉危机管理的重要性的基础上,基于生命周期模型,从四维度提出非营利组织声誉危机的应对策略,以保证组织持续健康地发展。我们将高校危机应对策略缩减为四个维度:事先规划、组织系统、利益相关者沟通、学习反馈。     

The value of reputation on eBay: A controlled experiment

We conducted the first randomized controlled field experiment of an Internet reputation mechanism. A high-reputation, established eBay dealer sold matched pairs of lots—batches of vintage postcards—under his regular identity and under new seller identities (also operated by him). As predicted, the established identity fared better. The difference in buyers’ willingness-to-pay was 8.1% of the selling price. A subsidiary experiment followed the same format, but compared sales by relatively new sellers with and without negative feedback. Surprisingly, one or two negative feedbacks for our new sellers did not affect buyers’ willingness-to-pay. JEL Classification D82 · L14 · Z13     

声誉、认同与组织动态

笔者刻画了维系社会经济组织运行的两种机制:集体声誉和个体声誉的互动,与内化的价值和组织认同.第一种机制表明:组织声誉对组织的成员具有激励效应,一个组织的声誉租金越高,这个组织中的成员就会越诚实可靠.第二种机制表明:组织成员对这个组织的认同感越强,那么它自己违规的激励就越小,而且还会有更强的激励来惩治其他违规的成员.笔者最后还讨论了对中国社会转型的含义.     

谈主权财富基金与西方投资保护措施

主权财富基金迅速崛起,成为全球资本市场上的重要一员,同时也引发了投资保护主义抬头.简要分析了投资保护主义的趋势和美国、德国采取的投资保护措施,提出了我国发展主权财富基金的若干建议.     

Does local and Euro area sentiment matter for sovereign debt markets? Evidence from a bailout country

Does sentiment impact the sovereign debt markets? This article investigates whether lagged domestic and Euro area irrational sentiment (optimism or pessimism unwarranted by fundamentals) predicts future sovereign bond spreads, in Portugal, between January 2000 and December 2013. We find that domestic and Euro area sentiment negatively forecasts total return spreads and that this effect is stronger during the bailout period. Also, we find that the business sentiment is even most noticed. Therefore, Portuguese sovereign debt market is prone to the influence of investors’ sentiment.     

Indirect reciprocity and strategic reputation building in an experimental helping game

We study indirect reciprocity and strategic reputation building in an experimental helping game. At any time only half of the subjects can build a reputation. This allows us to study both pure indirect reciprocity that is not contaminated by strategic reputation building and the impact of incentives for strategic reputation building on the helping rate. We find that pure indirect reciprocity exists, but also that the helping decisions are substantially affected by strategic considerations. Finally, we find that strategic do better than non-strategic players and non-reciprocal do better than reciprocal players, casting doubt on previously proposed evolutionary explanations for indirect reciprocity.     

Measuring the Effect of Corruption on Sovereign Bond Ratings

Abstract

Instrumenting for sovereign corruption, we find that Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index which ‘ranges from 10 (highly clean) to 0 (highly corrupt)’, is a significant predictor of the Standard and Poor’s sovereign bond ratings ranging from 1 (Sovereign Default) to 22 (AAA) in panel data from 52 countries from 1993 to 2002. Corruption downgrades the creditworthiness of sovereign bonds by diverting loan proceeds from productive projects to less productive ones, if not to offshore accounts. In particular, a one point worsening of the corruption perception index leads to an estimated one‐notch reduction out of 22 in the sovereign bond rating.     

Quality, reputation and the choice of organizational form

This paper revisits the hypothesis that nonprofit organizations emerge in markets that are characterized by contractual incompleteness because they ensure consumers against opportunistic behavior. We extend the Glaeser and Shleifer [Glaeser, E., Shleifer, A., 2001. Not-for-profit entrepreneurs. Journal of Public Economics 81, 99–115] framework, which studies an entrepreneur’s optimal choice of organizational form and service quality when quality is non-contractible into a repeated interaction setting. The main result is that when reputations can be sustained, then for-profit status is the preferred organizational form and high quality services are ensured. This finding suggests that existing explanations of nonprofit organizations that focus entirely on contractual imperfections in the producer/consumer relationship may be inadequate.     

信誉的价值:以网上拍卖交易为例

本文使用网上拍卖交易数据,就卖者信誉对市场交易的影响进行了实证研究。我们发现,卖者的信誉评价一方面影响物品成交的价格,另一方面还对物品拍卖成功的概率有着显著的正面影响;但相对来说,卖者的信誉评价对后者的效果比对前者要更显著。这是本文的主要发现。该结果验证了在一个没有政府干预、近乎自由放任的“虚拟”市场上信誉机制的积极作用。     

Confident expectations, rational expectations and the optimal conduct of monetary policy

Under what conditions central banks can afford to deviate from announced targets without losing their reputation is analyzed. For this, the public must have something like ‘confident expectations' vis-a-vis monetary policy and central banks have to behave accordingly. The paper shows that it can be rational for the public and welfare-increasing for the society to retain ‘confident expectations' instead of switching to rational expectations, when central banks have gained long-run reputation. At the end of the paper, alternative optimal money supply rules are compared in a dynamic optimization framework. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.     

Audited reputation

We study reputations with imperfect audit and a reputation market. The main result shows the existence of a separating equilibrium in the reputation market, which contrasts with Tadelis [Tadelis, S., 2002, The market for reputations as an incentive mechanism, Journal of Political Economy 110(4), 854–882].     

中国企业信誉缺失的理论分析

针对当前中国缺乏高信誉度品牌这一现象,本文构造了一个重复博弈理论模型,试图找出其背后更深层的经济和制度原因。现有文献主要研究均衡所能实现的最高效率支付(最好均衡)。我们认为,分析中国信誉缺失问题,合理的视角应该是考查最差均衡,并据此来分析摆脱低信誉陷阱的因素。在本文的模型里,在均衡中企业信誉有一个动态演变的过程。在一定的条件下,即使在最差均衡中,经过足够长的时间后,均衡会实现从低效率状态到高效率状态的转变,而社会总体效率取决于这种转变的快慢。我们刻画了这种转变所需要的时间,以及影响转变速度的经济制度因素。我们发现,中国社会普遍的低信任度、市场机制的不完善(尤其是市场中介机构和监督机构的不足)、市场竞争的不充分和技术水平的落后,是阻碍和延长中国经济从低效率到高效率状态转变的重要因素。     

中国公司债券的发展现状和对策研究

公司债市场作为一种重要的融资渠道,在中国经济发展过程中处于重要的地位.中国公司债市场起步虽然较晚,但发展空间巨大、面临良好的发展机遇.发展中国的公司债券应着重注意以下几方面问题:充分发挥市场机制作用、强化信用评级和信用定价,规范信用评级机制,发展债券基金机构投资者,完善受托管理人制度,不断对公司债券条款设计进行创新.