GENERAL AND PARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM THEORY IN BORK'S ANTITRUST ANALYSIS

In applying economic theory to evaluate antitrust laws, Judge Robert Bork explicitly favors a partial equilibrium over a general equilibrium approach. He believes the general model assumes away too many real-world aspects to be usefully employed as a criterion by which to judge real-world laws.
However, Bork's partial equilibrium replacement, the Oliver Williamson trade-off model, implicitly contains many of the same assumptions as general equilibrium theory. Equilibrium prices in all industries, an absence of external effects, and well-defined demand curves are assumptions of both general equilibrium theory and the Williamson trade-off model. If one theory is judged inadequate because of these assumptions, so should the other.
Bork's analysis is more consistent with market process theory than with his own partial equilibrium approach. Market process theory assumes neither the absence of externalities, nor the presence of well-defined demand and equilibrium prices in all industries.     

ON THE INEFFICACY OF TEMPORARY POLICY IN A DYNAMIC GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM WITH MONEY*

We construct a dynamic economy with many consumers with money in their utilities. Two main results—a turnpike theorem and inefficacy of temporary policy—are established in a dynamic general equilibrium framework in which price effects generated through markets are explicitly factored in. Turnpike, which is perfectly independent from wealth distribution among the heterogeneous consumers, will be globally attractive. Temporary policy is not effective not only for the future but for the current economy if the long‐run interest rate level is low. The inefficacy result coincides with an intuitive explanation by the standard permanent income hypothesis.     

基于空间聚类的区域经济差异分析方法

在对传统的区域经济差异分析方法分析的基础上,提出了基于空间聚类、分级地图和类轴分析的区域经济空间差异分析的新方法,并以东北经济区2000年人均GDP数据分析为例,开展了应用试验,分析结果表明与实际的区域经济差异发展情况相一致。该方法不仅可以揭示经济数据的宏观分布规律,而且可以挖掘其中微观的空间分布特征,可以更好地帮助分析和解释大量空间经济统计数据所蕴涵的经济特征和规律。     

论博弈分析在区域政策中的运用

以博弈研究为切入点 ,运用博弈分析的方法 ,将博弈理论与区域政策相结合 ,详细阐述了区域政策的博弈论基础与博弈方法 ,并以政府与企业行为博弈为案例 ,对政府与企业的经济行为进行深入地分析论证 ,为政府和企业进行理性决策提供理论支持     

MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY EFFICIENCY AND COORDINATION IN A MULTI‐SECTOR OPEN‐ECONOMY GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL

The paper analyzes monetary and fiscal stabilization and coordination in a multi‐sector stochastic new open economy macroeconomics (NOEM) model. It first aims to assess the capacity of fiscal and monetary policy to reduce or eliminate the negative welfare effects of an unanticipated productivity shock affecting some or all of the sectors in each country. Second, it evaluates the possible gains from international monetary cooperation as well as the impact of active fiscal policy on the welfare performance of monetary policy. The setup also allows for international asymmetry concerning the uncertainty over the shocks. The results show that monetary and fiscal policies are efficient tools of stabilization and under several conditions they can replicate the flexible‐price equilibrium. However, their welfare performance is not necessarily increased when both monetary and fiscal policies react to shocks at the national level. The existence of bilateral gains from monetary cooperation depends on the degree of asymmetry concerning the uncertainty over the shocks.     

ON THE SUSTAINABILITY OF GOVERNMENT BORROWING IN A DYNAMIC GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM

Abstract.  This paper constructs a dynamic general equilibrium model with money in consumers' utility functions and investigates the equilibrium dynamics of government's debt. The limitation level of the government borrowing for which a dynamic equilibrium and the no Ponzi Game condition are compatible with each other is explicitly derived. The critical level depends on the long-run interest rate, primary balance, money supply etc.     

一种区域旅游形象分析的技术程序

本文主要探讨区域旅游形象分析与建立的技术程序。文章首先说明了建立区域旅游形象的必要性,继而提出建立区域旅游形象需要从前期的基础性工作（包括地方性研究,受众调查,替代性分析）和在此基础上的显示性工作（包括理念核心,界面意象,传播口号,传播视觉符号）两方面进行分析。     

SPECIALISATION AND THE EXISTENCE PROBLEM IN GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM THEORY

When the division of labour has been once thoroughly established,it is but a very small part of a man's wants which the produceof his own labour can supply... Every man thus lives by exchanging,or becomes in some measure a merchant and the society itselfgrows to be what is properly a commericial society (Smith, 1776,p. 22).     

“东北振兴”以来东北地区区域政策评价研究

回顾了2003年东北振兴战略实施以来国家针对东北地区出台的主要区域政策。财税和金融支持是东北振兴的重要外力,产业发展和企业改革是东北振兴的主体和关键。时间上政策出台年际波动性较大,空间上以面向全区政策为主。区域政策在经济发展、结构调整、社会效益和体制创新等方面取得明显成效。但也存在两类问题:政策执行过程中,政策力度不够、政策难以落实等;政策制定和执行后,包括政策的项目和国企指向等。未来东北地区区域政策的重点应强调四个方面内容:产业结构优化升级与国企改革,省际区增长极与产业空间布局,社会和谐发展与基础设施建设,改革开放与区域合作机制建设。     

我国城市土地市场均衡与土地集约利用

采用情景分析法和市场供求均衡分析法,基于对土地市场不同发育程度、不同市场结构下市场均衡与土地利用集约度的分析,探讨促进土地集约利用的途径与措施,以期为提高我国城市土地资源配置和利用效率提供一个新的研究视角.研究表明,随着土地市场由完全竞争向垄断竞争、完全垄断的市场结构转变,市场化程度在降低,市场机制配置资源的效率在下降;市场发育越不完善,政府对土地市场的干预越过度.越导致土地资源的配置和利用效率的进一步降低.因此,应转变土地管理机制,推进土地市场创新,使市场成为土地资源配置的主要机制.构建以市场配置建设用地为主的机制,充分发挥市场的供求机制、价格机制和竞争机制的作用,尽量消除土地资源配置中的政府失灵,全面提高建设用地的配置效率,缓解经济发展对耕地资源的压力,促进经济社会可持续发展.     

吉林省区域经济差异分析

考虑到测算吉林省区域差异的必要性,在分析有关区域差异内涵和理论的基础上,从理论方面,提出一种有关区域差异形成机制的假设,在实证研究方面,运用Theil指数的空间分解和基尼系数的产业分解两种方法,分析了吉林省1993—2003年这段时间内其区域差异的变化情况,最后简要分析了上述结果产生的原因,并提出一些建议。     

THE USE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND INNOVATION BY MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN CANADA

The objective of the paper is to determine how the utilisation of intellectual property rights (IPRs) by Canadian manufacturing firms is related to their characteristics, activities, competitive strategies and industry sector in which they operate. The principal source of information used in this endeavour is the Statistics Canada Survey of Innovation 1999.

The paper starts with an overview of other studies that looked at the use of intellectual property rights in Canada. Follows a conceptual framework presenting variables likely to explain the use specific IPRs by Canadian manufacturing firms.

The use of IPRs is to a great extent correlated with basic economic characteristics of firms, their activities and industry environment. A series of estimated logit regressions predict the probability that a firm will use a specific IPR instrument. Also estimated is the contribution of the use of IPRs to the probability that a firm innovates.

The decision of a firm to use IPRs is often not independent of the decision to innovate. To eliminate the potential endogeneity bias I estimate a two-stage logit model. A comparison of the single- and two-stage logit models shows that the nexus from the protection of intellectual property (patents) to innovation may be weaker than indicated by the single equation model.     

地理信息系统在区域商业和经济中的应用初探

有效地开发和利用地理空间数据,可以优化配置资源,降低商业运行成本,并规划、监测、改善区域商业和经济环境。而地理信息系统,不仅是关于地理数据的获取、存储、转换、分析和表示的原则、方法和工具,而且提供了认识空间现象的思维方式和解决空间问题的方法,可用于定义、分析、表现复杂的空间经济现象。基于这样的认识,本文试图从理论上探讨地理信息、商业环境和区域经济发展间的关系,并结合中国广东的区域经济状况,初步分析地理信息系统在商业和区域经济中的潜在应用。     

MONETARY POLICY WITH A WIDER INFORMATION SET: A BAYESIAN MODEL AVERAGING APPROACH

Monetary policy has been usually analyzed in the context of small macroeconomic models where central banks are allowed to exploit a limited amount of information. Under these frameworks, researchers typically derive the optimality of aggressive monetary rules, contrasting with the observed policy conservatism and interest rate smoothing. This paper allows the central bank to exploit a wider information set, while taking into account the associated model uncertainty, by employing Bayesian model averaging with Markov chain model composition. In this enriched environment, we derive the optimality of smoother and more cautious policy rates, together with clear gains in macroeconomic efficiency.