董事责任险日渐升温

股权分置改革促进了公司独立人格的形成,使得公司为高管购买董事责任险成为一种吸引人才的有效手段在发达的保险市场,董事责任险是一个非常畅销的险种,例如美国有超过95％的上市公司为高管人员投保了董事责任保险,在我国香港这一比率也达到了70％。今天的公司高管们责任重大,其头顶既有耀眼夺目的企业家光环,也有高悬的达摩克利斯之剑。风险的存在     

董事高管责任保险、机构投资者持股与会计稳健性

董事高管责任保险会转移管理层的诉讼风险并降低其诉讼成本,进而诱发机会主义行为.基于此,文章以2010-2019年我国A股上市公司为样本,研究了董事高管责任保险对会计稳健性的影响及其作用机制.研究发现:上市公司购买董事高管责任保险降低了企业会计稳健性.作用机制分析表明,董事高管责任保险会加剧管理层自利行为,从而影响会计稳健性.进一步研究发现,机构投资者作为主要的利益相关者,对管理层起到了有效的监督作用,从而减弱了董事高管责任保险对会计稳健性的负向影响.该研究结论拓展了董事高管责任保险的治理效应,丰富了会计稳健性影响因素的理论研究,对企业实现有效的内部治理具有重要意义.     

董事责任险任重而道远

“在目前中国所有公司中．有920万人身肩董事身份,而在A股上市公司中,有133万名董事．其中上市公司董事投保董事责任险的不超过2％．而目前董事责任险在全球的董事高管中投保率为46％。”     

公司治理、董事会规模与上市公司的实际控制

最优合约理论和管理权力理论都从不同侧面对高管人员的激励报酬进行了解释,但都有不足。在分析和评述这两种理论的基础上,从公司治理角度,通过对公司治理与高管人员报酬的实证研究,发现在我国上市公司中公司治理机制的改进对高管人员报酬的影响正在逐步体现:当董事会规模大、流通股中机构投资者多、发行了外资股或实现了海外上市、公司的实际控制人为个人及公司规模扩大都能显著提高高管人员报酬;任职年限、ROA和独立董事占比与高管人员报酬正相关但不显著。     

产权性质、高管政治网络与公司资本配置效率

文章以2002-2010年期间A股上市公司为研究样本,考察了不同产权性质公司高管政治网络对资本配置效率的影响。结果发现,高管政治网络对公司的资本投资产生显著的正面影响,且这种影响效应在国有公司中更大更显著。在国有公司中,高管政治网络加大了公司的过度投资水平,降低了投资效率;与中央国有公司相比,地方国有公司高管政治网络对过度投资的正面影响效应更大;而在民营公司中,高管政治网络能缓解公司的过度投资,抑制投资不足,从而促进了公司资本配置效率的提升。     

英美责任保险发展对我国的启示

正一、英美责任保险发展简况(一)英国责任保险市场早在19世纪中期,英国就出现了责任保险。1855年英国铁路乘客公司就曾提供过承运人责任险,1875年出现的马车第三者责任险,开创了汽车第三者责任险的先河。目前在英国保险市场,保险企业经营的责任保险有五个主要的险种:雇主责任保险、公众责任保险、产品责任保险、职业责任保险和DO保险(Directors and Officers Liability Insurance,简称DO保险,即董事和高管责任保险)。其中,强制     

基于内生视角的高管薪酬激励与公司资本投资研究

基于内生视角检验了高管薪酬激励机制与公司投资行为之间的交互关系。以我国上市公司高管薪酬制度为背景,选取2004~2010年上市公司数据研究发现:(1)公司投资强度越大导致高管薪酬水平显著降低。公司投资活动通过公司会计业绩显著地影响了高管薪酬水平。(2)基于会计业绩的高管薪酬契约无法对高管长期投资活动产生激励作用,提高高管薪酬水平显著地降低了公司投资强度。而基于股票和期权的激励机制能够显著地提高公司投资强度。(3)进一步研究表明,当期和滞后期的公司投资强度均对高管薪酬水平产生了负面效应,并且影响程度逐渐减弱。(4)研究还发现,高管薪酬业绩敏感性并没有对公司投资产生显著影响。研究结果说明,目前我国上市公司高管薪酬激励机制并没有对公司投资行为产生治理效应。     

CEO与董事背景特征相似性对投资效率影响研究

以2008-2013年沪、深两市A股主板上市公司作为研究样本,基于Richardson投资效率测度模型,从CEO与董事背景特征入手,运用OLS方法研究了CEO与董事背景特征相似性对公司投资效率的影响。研究结果显示：CEO与董事会成员的年龄相似性、教育背景相似性程度越高,公司投资效越低。为了避免出现投资过度与投资不足等现象,任用的CEO等管理人员需与董事在年龄与学历方面进行互补,而性别和任职时间则不需过多关注。     

从董事、监事和高管买卖股票行为看公司的实质

上市公司董事、监事、高级管理人员买卖本公司股票的行动要比公司的报告、声明更有说服力.一般而言公司董事、监事、高管购买本公司股票说明他们对公司前景有信心,一般而言公司董事、监事、高管出售本公司股票股通常是盈利能力、财务状况恶化的重要信号.上市公司必须按规定披露相关信息,监管部门必须加强信息披露及违规的法律责任监管力度.投资者在进行投资决策时应当注重董事、监事、商管买卖本公司股票行为的分析.     

高管股权激励可以促进企业“脱虚向实”吗？——基于经济政策不确定性的调节效应

基于2011—2020年A股上市实体企业数据,研究高管股权激励对企业金融化程度的影响机制及其边界条件。结果表明：高管股权激励显著降低企业金融化程度;高管股权激励通过促进企业实体投资意愿降低企业金融化程度;经济政策不确定性越低,高管股权激励对企业金融化程度的降低效应越强。异质性分析发现,企业所在地区的技术市场和数字金融发展水平较高,高管股权激励对企业金融化程度的降低效应也较显著。研究结论对实体企业完善公司治理、优化投资决策,对政府及金融监管部门引导实体企业“脱虚向实”、促进实体经济高质量发展有一定启示。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.