从征信机构与评级机构划分看征信市场化改革

企业征信机构与信贷市场评级机构作为征信市场的主体,在业务拓展与机构管理方面,存在较多相似之处。在信贷领域,征信机构和评级机构功能及定位趋同,但评级机构未能与市场需求紧密结合,且在政策理解上存在偏差,制约着征信市场健康发展。因此,征信市场化改革制度设计,应明确征信市场的布局和定位,加强业务监管法律规范建设,进一步完善市场准入退出机制,建立征信行业执业规范。     

如何利用财务数据识别上市公司的财务欺诈

对于注册会计师行业而言,在高度关注执业风险的前提下,提高执业素质和加强职业道德是不可或缺的两个重要环节。而培养专业判断能力无疑是提高执业能力的根本保证。从注册会计师执行审计业务的全过程来看,利用会计要素或会计报表相关项目之间内在的逻辑或勾稽关系进行专业分析,是培养专业判断能力的重要途径。本文拟通过案例分析的方式,向读者介绍一些具体的分析问题的方法。 案例A:对公司利润操纵行为的识别一、公司相关财务数据为了便于阐述与分析问题,根据公司2000年度和2001年度会计报表及报表附注所披露的信息,将相关财务数据整理如表…     

A Framework for Identifying (and Avoiding) Fraudulent Financial Reporting*

This commentary analyzes the relationship of fraud risk assessments to other risk assessments by auditors. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board notes that this is a problem area of current practice. Effective detection of fraudulent financial reporting requires an integrative accounting/auditing conceptual framework. As a result, this paper is as much about accounting theory as it is about auditing. To simplify the development of such an integrated framework, this paper uses an expanded risk model. This effectively results in a risk perspective on fraudulent financial reporting. There are many potential implications but the major findings are as follows. First, the study identifies the crucial role of benchmarks based on acceptable levels of risk to help differentiate between intentional and unintentional misstatements. Such differentiation is critical to successfully implementing the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants' Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 99 and international standards ISA Nos. 240, 540, and 700. Second, the paper shows the importance of not allowing the major categories of risks identified here from getting too high. This paper explains the need to set acceptable levels of these risks, either by standard‐setters as a matter of broad policy, or by individual practitioners as part of the terms of specific engagements. I propose that a major factor in the concept of “present fairly” be the acceptable levels of accounting risks that are defined here, especially the risks due to intentional forecast errors. Third, this paper clarifies how the fraud risk of SAS No. 99, and similar international standards, relates to the current audit risk model framework.     

利率改革:将市场会进行到底

2003年2月20日,中国人民银行在其发布的<2002年中国货币政策执行报告>中公布了我国利率市场化改革的总体思路.即:先外币、后本币;先贷款、后存款;先长期、大额,后短期、小额.与此同时,央行近日又提出了利率市场化将作为2003年中国金融改革的一项重点内容,经过试点,利率市场化改革有望全面铺开.     

贴近员工 服务一线

基层营业网点工作,点多面广,是我们工商银行工作的基础。“万丈高楼平地起”。只有打牢基础,转变发展方式才能顺利进行。工行北京海淀支行多年来坚持贴近基层,贴近一线营业网点、贴近员工,尊重人、关心人、理解人,以人为本,努力为员工办好事、办实事,营造出快乐工作、幸福生活的和谐氛围。     

雇主提供给雇员住房的价值在何种情况下可不计入雇员的毛所得? --美国1969年赫伯特G·哈特案例解析

1969年,由美国税务法院做出最终判决的赫伯特 G.哈特案,是美国税收历史上有关在何种情况下,雇主提供给雇员的住房的价值(指雇员在市场上租用同样的住房所需支付的租金)可以不计入雇员毛所得的著名案例.     

利率管制对农村金融深化的影响

金融深化是经济发展与金融发展的必经之路,在金融全球化的背景下,我国的金融深化改革已经逐步进入轨道,未来一段时间将是金融深化稳步推进的阶段。但在我国农村金融改革发展历程中,始终存在金融抑制问题。管制的、非市场化的利率水平,直接导致了其价格信号作用的丧失,加剧了金融二元化和结构性贷款难。这些症结在微观经济领域表现为:资金价格双轨制突出、中小企业和农户融资难、金融二元化困境。要推进农村金融深化,在市场化改革方面,最重要的一步就是放开利率管制,建立以市场资金供求为基础,以中央银行基准利率为调控核心,由市场资金供求决定各种利率水平的市场利率体系,还原利率的资金价格信号作用。     

国有商业银行辖内联行利率功效探析

辖内联行利率是商业银行内部资金转移价格体系的重要组成部分。探讨现阶段国有商业银行辖内联行利率在规避利率风险，对以利润为中心的绩效考核目标的支持以及引导业务发展等方面的功效，具有重要意义。     

Information Disclosure to Employees and Rational Expectations: A Game-Theoretical Perspective

This paper analyses the voluntary disclosure strategies of a privately informed firm manager when the information is relevant to both a financial market for valuation purposes and a union for wage bargaining purposes. Disclosure of favourable information may adversely affect the terms under which the firm can secure the required flow of labour and may thus lead to a decrease in the firm's market value. The paper shows that both a full-disclosure and a nondisclosure equilibrium may exist, which contradicts an earlier analysis of the issue made by Pope and Peel (1981).     

Testing the Information Set Perspective of UK Financial Reporting Standard No.3: Reporting Financial Performance

Abstract:  This study investigates whether a broader range of financial performance measures as required by FRS No.3 ( FRS3 ) provides incremental price information beyond a single earnings-based performance measure. I find that the additional performance components reported in the layered statement of performance and reconciliation of movements in shareholders' funds and alternative earnings per share that are voluntarily disclosed by UK firms are generally associated with share returns, and provide incremental price information beyond FRS3 all-inclusive earnings. This finding supports the information set perspective underlying FRS3 , and has important implications for setting a global accounting standard on reporting financial performance.     

Information Disclosure to Employees and Rational Expectations: a Game-Theoretical Perspective: a Comment

In this comment we identify the key features of the Frantz and Walker (1997) game theoretic model that drive the non-disclosure equilibrium result in their paper. We argue that, although technically correct, their model fails to capture certain aspects of real-world wage bargaining that will be important in determining optimal disclosure strategies in practice. However, Frantz and Walker's paper illustrates the potential of analytical techniques to contribute to the employee disclosure debate.     

实现利益冲突向利益和谐转化统领社会主义和谐社会的构建

每一个社会的经济关系首先是作为利益关系表现出来的,所以利益问题是一个涉及社会生活全局性的问题.利益关系是人类一切社会发展的基础,人们所奋斗的一切归根到底都与其利益相关.协调的利益关系是和谐的基础.因此,在构建社会主义和谐社会的过程中,须调节利益关系,以利益冲突向利益和谐转化统领社会主义和谐社会的构建.     

最大限度地保护公众利益--专访香港中文大学教授郎成平

记者最近有调查表明民营企业家中官员出身的占到较大比例,这使得公众对于这些转变身份的官员是否造成过国有或集体财产流失产生怀疑.您对此怎么看?     

Reporting the cost of capacity

A recent innovation in management accounting is the practice of reporting unused capacity costs. This experimental study examines factors that affect when this practice improves decisions and when it impairs decisions. Reporting unused capacity costs uniformly leads experimental participants to cut unused capacity resources. Such cuts improve overall profitability when demand exhibits a negative trend. However, the cost savings from capacity reduction are more than offset by the increased opportunity cost of foregone demand when demand exhibits a positive trend. As such, this study suggests that explicit capacity cost reporting can be detrimental to growing companies.     

Definition of the Reporting Entity

Harmonisation between Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and Government Finance Statistics is the highest priority for Australian public-sector reporting. This paper addresses the question of the reporting entity in a harmonised GAAP-GFS framework and discusses whether the GFS General Government Sector meets the criteria for the general-purpose reporting entity. The objective of harmonisation is to achieve an Australian accounting standard for a single set of government reports which are auditable and comparable between jurisdictions, and in which the outcome statements are directly comparable with the relevant budget statements. Since there is widespread interest in General Government Sector information by users, the sector is the obvious candidate for the government general-purpose reporting entity.     

The Information Economics Approach to Financial Reporting

This paper provides a non-technical overview of the literature on the economics of information and its implications for financial reporting. This paper attempts to spell out the unity of approach which underlies all information economics models and focuses on the main implications of the literature for accounting policy makers. The central section of the paper identifies precise conditions under which the provision of public information can lead to an improvement in social welfare. An understanding of these conditions is essential for policy makers if they are to take into account the economic effects of their decisions. The final section highlights three important unresolved issues and identifies promising directions for further research.     

Spending Down Assets to Maximise the Pension: Identifying and Exploring the Ethical Issues

This article explores the ethical issues associated with accounting practitioners providing financial planning advice to clients about spending down or consuming assets for the primary purpose of satisfying age-pension eligibility. I t may seem that there is nothing wrong with this activity but a deeper analysis suggests that it may be unethical. This article employs a broad framework that may be applied to any situation having ethical implications.