ECONOMIC GROWTH IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA

One measure of the economic activity generated by the primary sector is the extent to which the demand for its products is retained within the sector or is transmitted elsewhere. In this article an analysis is made of these inter-relationships between industries and between each industry and the trade sector, as they influence the rate and direction of economic growth in Western Australia. Two input-output models of the Western Australian economy are then used to examine structural changes implied in changes in input coefficients over time.     

ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN PAPUA AND NEW GUINEA

In Papua and New Guinea today a rapidly growing market economy, and a primitive subsistence economy exist side by side. Australian policy calls for more economic development and quicker advancement of the indigenous people. This means that tribal subsistence society must be drawn increasingly into the development of the market economy. Broad strategies for reaching these objectives are considered along with a closer examination of problems of land tenure, wage policy and planning machinery.     

ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF SELECTION IN THE DAIRY HERD IN ISRAEL*

The paper reports a study of the operation of the breeding system in the milk herd in Israel. Basic notions in quantitative genetics are explained and incorporated in a simulation model which is used to illustrate and analyse the selection process. Particularly emphasised are the traits common to selection and other research and development effort; among them, search, limited information, and biological and technical constraints. Differential technical changes affected the structure of the milk producing industry and its measured productivity; these effects are discussed in the last part of the paper.     

ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF FARM POVERTY

The results of the Henderson Poverty Inquiry's 1973 farm household income survey are discussed and supplemented by income distributions based on taxation returns from 1968/69 to 1972/73. It is concluded that much low income 'poverty' is temporary, being the product of the instability of agriculture. A case is made for the inclusion of wealth in farm and non-farm welfare comparisons. Proposals aimed at directly increasing incomes are discussed and hypothetical income distributions are presented to indicate the impact of the Henderson Inquiry's guaranteed income scheme on farm income distributions.     

SOME ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF PEST CONTROL IN AGRICULTURE1

This article deals with agricultural losses attributable to insects, diseases and weeds with estimates of percentage rates of losses in crops presented for both Canada and the United States. Analysis of the economic effect of potential elimination of losses in Canadian wheat and fresh apples are discussed. In general, the effect of elimination of losses by means of improved techniques depends upon the elasticity of demand of the individual commodity studied. The particular market position of Canadian wheat created an exception for this product. Emphasizing the need for further scientific investigation, subjects and methods for forthcoming research are outlined.     

AN ECONOMIC TOOL FOR EVALUATING DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN THE JARRAH FORESTS OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA*

A pathogenic, soil-borne fungus has been gradually spreading through the jarrah forest of Western Australia for most of this century. On some sites this fungus can cause almost total forest destruction. Infection is incurable and the effects are irreversible. This paper develops a means for evaluating disease control measures and identifying the optimal level of protection. Standard protection measures are warranted for high and moderate impact sites, over a wide range of risks. Increased expenditure on forest protection is warranted for high and moderate impact sites at especially high risk.     

从耕地保护目标论耕地保护机制的功能

在明确耕地保护目标的基础上,通过耕地保护目标在耕地保护机制中3个层次的体现,提出了耕地保护机制应具备的功能。     

小城镇土地可持续利用探讨

伴随小城镇的快速发展,其土地利用不可持续日益凸显,在对小城镇土 地利用面临主要问题分析的基础上,提出小城镇土地利用的对策与建议。     

国土资源与经济社会可持续发展

本文重点阐述了当前经济建设和国土资源管理中的一些重点、热点、难点问题,以及今后一个时期国土资源经济研究的主要领域和任务.     

A QUARTERLY MODEL OF AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENT IN AUSTRALIA*

The aims of this study were (a) to attempt to develop a quarterly model to explain aggregate farm investment in Australia, and (b) to examine the concept of the implicit rental price of capital services as a method of taking account of taxation concessions in an investment equation.     

广西耕地资源可持续利用思考

广西人多地少,人均耕地低于全国平均水平,后备耕地资源不仅不足,而且都分布在山上,研究耕地资源可持续利用是广西农业生产乃至经济、社会可持续发展需要解决的重要课题。     

北京市耕地后备资源开发利用研究

为实现北京市耕地总量动态平衡,从数量和质量上确定北京市后备耕地资源的分布格局,在此基础上划分和确定北京市耕地后备资源的三大分区和开发利用原则。     

关于我国土地有偿使用制度的理论思考

我国土地使用制度从无偿、无期限使用转向有偿、有期限使用;土地有偿使用的主要形式是出让,即"批租制";出让这种有偿使用形式存在许多问题;本文从经济学的角度提出解决这一问题的途径--土地有偿使用应建立并推行"土地租赁制".     

A MODEL OF THE DISAGGREGATED DEMAND FOR MEAT IN AUSTRALIA

The focus of this study is the estimation of the Australian demand for meat between 1967 and 1990, employing a demand systems approach which uses the linear approximate, almost ideal demand system (LA/AIDS) model. Two demand systems are estimated by maximum likelihood methods, one for aggregate types of meat and one for disaggregated meat products. After correcting for serial correlation in the two demand systems, restrictions from utility theory are imposed and tested for their appropriateness. By using a new data set on the Australian retail price and consumption offresh pork, ham and bacon, the results from the disaggregated model provide the first estimates of the own-price, cross-price and expenditure elasticities for these commodities.     

TOWARDS A COMPARISON OF CHEMICAL-FREE AND CONVENTIONAL FARMING IN AUSTRALIA

The classes of benefits and costs, private and external, arising from a partial movement from conventional to chemical-free farming are considered, a report is provided on a comparison of physical and financial characteristics of chemical-free and conventional cereal/livestock farming in southeastern Australia, a key finding is that private net returns were similar for the two types of farmers, A favourable change in net externalities could be expected from a movement towards chemical-free farming, policy implications relating to the taxation of chemical use in agriculture, and to research, extension and marketing are discussed.