北京市森林生态补偿政策对农户公益林保护行为的影响

基于计划行为理论分析北京市森林生态补偿政策对农户公益林保护行为之间的因果关系,重点探讨影响公益林保护农户行为的路径和因素。通过实证分析发现：北京市森林生态补偿政策对农户生态公益林保护行为的影响是间接的,其影响路径是森林生态补偿政策、农户行为态度、农户生态公益林保护意愿、农户生态公益林保护行为;北京市森林生态补偿政策因素通过其对农户生态公益林保护意愿及行为的影响是偏弱的,森林生态补偿政策中对农户行为所起的经济杠杆作用还有潜力可挖。     

元谋县蔬菜种植户绿色生产行为采纳及影响因素分析

在乡村振兴与绿色发展的战略背景下,农业绿色生产作为一种新型的生产方式,是促进农业绿色发展转型、加快实现农业农村现代化以及农业发展可持续化的一项首要任务,而实现农业绿色发展的关键在于农户对绿色生产行为的采纳程度。基于此,以元谋县167户蔬菜种植户的调研数据为基础,运用Multivariat Probit模型分析社会认同、预期效益感知、政策制度环境3个方面对农户绿色生产行为采纳的影响。结果表明：蔬菜种植户对5项绿色生产技术采纳程度都不高;社会认同中的角色示范和组织参与能够在一定程度上对蔬菜种植户绿色生产行为采纳产生影响;蔬菜种植户对绿色生产技术预期收入越高、环境影响越积极,绿色生产行为采纳意愿越强烈;政府技术推广与培训、补贴与鼓励都能显著提高蔬菜种植户绿色生产行为采纳积极性。鉴于此,建议充分发挥周围邻里的示范带动和组织参与的双重作用,提高农户绿色生产行为采纳预期经济、环境效益感知以及政府加强绿色生产技术的宣传和补贴力度,促使蔬菜种植户更好地融入元谋县产业绿色发展转型进程,促进元谋县在乡村振兴进程中蔬菜产业的绿色发展及菜品的提质增效。     

国内农户生态行为研究综述

通过收集近几年国内农户生态行为的文献并对其进行分析,可以发现学者们的研究主要集中于生态行为的影响因素方面。行为的影响因素大致可以分为农户收入、农户特征、政府的政策与制度三个因素。如何加强和完善法律法规、加强环境政策的引导作用、加快建立生态补偿机制是今后学术界研究努力的方向。     

农户耕地保护经济补偿意愿的研究

文章通过农户调查法,Logistic回归模型分析法等方法,从意愿角度揭示农户对耕地保护经济补偿机制的影响因素。结果表明,农业占收入比重、非农就业机会以及地区变量对于农户的耕地保护经济补偿意愿影响较大;而保护补偿方式、农户人均耕地面积、家庭社保率、家庭人均受教育年限、非农就业机会与耕地产权认知对农户耕地保护补偿意愿的影响较小。     

居民生态补偿支付意愿与支付水平影响因素分析——以黄河下游为例

文章以Probit、Tobit回归模型为主要工具,利用来自黄河流域下游山东省464份调查问卷的数据,研究了影响居民生态补偿的支付意愿与支付水平的主要因素。研究表明:影响居民生态补偿支付意愿与支付水平的因素并不完全相同。对生态环境问题的关注程度和性别因素显著影响居民的生态补偿支付意愿,但显著影响居民的生态补偿支付水平的因素是对黄河上游生态环境重要性的认识;另外,显著影响居民生态补偿支付意愿与支付水平的共同因素是对保护黄河上游生态环境需要大量投入的知晓程度和居民年收入。     

全面推进乡村振兴背景下农户绿色生产行为的影响因素——基于全国10省（区）2448个农户家庭的调查证据

农业绿色发展遵循生态优先、绿色发展理念,不仅是实现乡村产业振兴、生态振兴的有效途径,而且是保障农业高质量发展的内在要求。农民是农业生产主体之一,其行为直接影响着农业绿色发展水平。基于全面推进乡村振兴的时代背景,运用Logistic模型,结合全国10省（区）2 448个农户家庭的微观调查数据,对农户绿色生产行为的影响因素进行分析。结果表明：农村劳动力老龄化程度和农业生产服务应用程度对农户绿色生产行为存在显著正向影响;农产品商品化程度在乡村振兴战略的“生态宜居”维度政策下会促进农户采用绿色生产行为;乡村振兴战略的“治理有效”维度与“生活富裕”维度的政策对农户绿色生产行为均具有显著促进效应;区域因素对农户绿色生产行为的影响存在异质效应。全面推进乡村振兴,应围绕重点领域,坚持因地制宜,发挥区域优势,推进农业生产要素的节约集约利用,实现农户绿色生产行为的可持续性和农业农村绿色发展,助力农业强国建设。     

西部地区城郊农户宅基地退出意愿与影响因素——以乌鲁木齐市为例

农村宅基地有偿退出是我国推进新型城镇化、解决城乡用地问题的关键举措之一,对推动城乡融合和乡村振兴具有重要意义。依据新疆乌鲁木齐市城郊农户调查资料,对调研结果进行统计并建立Logistic二元回归模型,对新疆地区农户宅基地退出的意愿、特点及影响因素进行分析。研究表明:(1)农民退出宅基地的积极性不高,在给予退出补偿的前提下愿意退出的只占39.7%;(2)由于农民对宅基地的资本价值预期较高,以及退出补偿标准缺乏弹性,大多数农民对当前的宅基地退出补偿政策存在不满;(3)农民的从众心理和宅基地退出成功者的示范效应对宅基地退出有显著的促进作用;(4)农民退出宅基地缺乏动力,不合理的退出补偿政策和不完善的社会保障制度是重要影响因素。     

基于SEM模型的消费者品牌信任对茶叶购买行为的影响研究

通过调研获取江西省浮梁县370个茶叶消费者相关数据,基于计划行为理论和KAP理论,构建结构方程模型(SEM)实证研究品牌信任、消费认知与购买行为三者之间相互作用关系。研究表明：消费认知在品牌信任对消费意愿、购买行为作用中扮演着部分中介作用;消费意愿在品牌信任、消费认知对购买行为作用中扮演着部分中介作用;消费认知对购买行为具有主导作用,而品牌信任对消费意愿具有主导作用;消费认知对品牌信任具有正向显著影响,而购买行为对消费意愿具有正向显著影响。基于此,从增强茶叶消费者消费认知和提升茶叶消费者品牌信任两方面提出引导茶叶消费者购买行为的对策建议。     

公众参与县域中小河流治理意愿及其影响因素研究——以全国中小河流治理重点县福建永春为调研区域

选取全国中小河流治理重点县永春为调研区域,实地调查研究了公众参与境内最大的水系桃溪流域治理的意愿现状,运用logistics回归方法对影响意愿的因素进行实证分析。结果表明,公众的文化程度、对流域污染问题的感知程度、对流域治理的责任主体认知、对政府信息公开程度和环境卫生整治工程的满意度均正向影响其参与意愿;公众对参与桃溪流域保护的消极态度会降低其参与意愿;公众对农业灌溉用水被污染危害的认知是影响其参与意愿的重要因素之一。     

城市居民低碳出行影响因素分析及实证研究

城市居民低碳出行模式的形成是实现城市低碳交通和可持续发展的重要前提。文章以计划行为理论为依据,分析了城市居民低碳出行意愿及行为的影响因素,建立整合低碳态度、从众心理、低碳知识技能的城市居民低碳出行行为影响模型;并通过实证方法发现,低碳出行意愿对低碳出行行为有显著正向影响;低碳态度、从众心理、低碳知识技能对低碳出行意愿有显著正效应。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.