Consumer Feelings and Equilibrium Product Quality

This paper considers the possibility that a firm can invest not only in the true product quality, but also in activities such as merchandizing and store atmospherics that influence consumer perception of the product quality. Consumers make their purchase decisions based on the signal (perception) of quality they experience, where the signal is influenced by both the true product quality valued by the consumer and the affect of the consumer at the time of the signal formation. In this situation, a firm finds it optimal to invest in both product quality and in variables inducing affect, even though rational consumers, in equilibrium, correctly solve back for the true product quality. We uncover an asymmetry in the effects of the cost of producing quality and the cost of inducing affect. As a firm's cost of quality decreases, the firm will find it optimal to invest more both in the true quality and in the affect inducement, even if it does not have a lower cost of inducing affect. Conversely, if a firm finds it easier to induce affect, then the product quality decreases but affect-inducing activities increase.
Under competition, we find that the firm investing more in quality also invests more in affect creation. An implication of this is that in a competitive environment, consumers can rationally associate an up-lifting store atmosphere, affect inducing merchandizing, or mood-creating communication with high quality products even when the firm has no need to signal their private cost of quality information, and when there is no consumption externality of the affect. We also analyze the case in which firms might have different costs and consumers are uncertain about the costs incurred by a given firm. Here again we show that the perceived quality production is positively correlated with both the true quality and the affect inducing activities.     

参考效应下考虑产品退货的线上零售商订货决策研究

针对存在退货、决策者非完全理性人的情况,引入退货率、退货成本、参考销售价格和参考批发价格,建立了含有参考效应的线上零售商订货决策模型。理论分析表明:订货量随退货率和退货成本的增加而减少,随参考销售价格增加而减少,随参考批发价格增加而增加;且参考效应下的订货量总是偏离完全理性时的最优订货量。最后,算例分析表明低收益产品的订货量对各因素最敏感。     

Consumer Search Ability,Price Dispersion and the Digital Divide

The ‘digital divide’ in online activities is believed to arise from differences in Internet access, but this paper advances an alternative explanation that is related to consumer search ability. It argues that this leads to greater price dispersion, causing some consumers to be discriminated against. It analyses price data for the UK Internet motor insurance market, collecting data on 32,255 prices for 110 sub‐markets, where differences in price dispersion across these by age, occupation and sex of the driver are argued to reflect differences in search ability. Allowing for price dispersion to also depend on the insurance risk, it finds greater price dispersion for consumers with weaker search abilities, i.e. older, unemployed, retired or female consumers. As this is not explained by alternative hypotheses, the paper concludes that improved Internet access alone will not close the ‘digital divide’. The implication is that policymakers should address the online search abilities of individuals as well as Internet access.     

基于常数死力有限商品寿命的库存模型研究

将商品寿命的概念用于传统的经济订购批量模型，提出了商品寿命死力的概念，并且基于商品寿命死力。对持统经济订购批量模型进行修正，建立了常数死力有限商品寿命的库存模型．并且对该模型进行分析求解。     

关注加拿大新《消费品安全法案》

2009年12月23日,加拿大发出关于加拿大政府将对加拿大消费品安全法进行大幅度修改的第290号TBT通报。文章介绍了该通报法案在禁止条件、安全管理措施、特殊产品要求等方面的变化,并提出对策建议,希望有助于我国出口企业掌握适时动态信息,提高积极应对其影响的速度和能力。     

Consumer Risk‐reduction Behavior and New Product Purchases

Consumers purchase lower quantities of new products compared with those they have purchased in the past. We explain this observation as a result of risk‐averting behavior by utility‐maximizing consumers. If a new product involves a higher degree of risk that quality expectations will not be met compared with an incumbent product, we show that utility will be more concave for the new product. We test this prediction using a multiple‐discrete/continuous extreme value (MDCEV) model of demand. We show that utility is indeed more concave for new products relative to previously purchased products. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于消费者选择的新能源汽车产品战略研究

本文通过消费者调研,从产品类别选择战略、产能价格战略、产品市场切入战略、产品性能战略、产品推广战略和产品商业模式选择战略六大维度构建新能源汽车产品战略。基于消费者选择,逐一论证并阐释六大维度下的产品战略。     

消费者产品知识对有机蔬菜的购买影响分析

文章通过实证性研究验证了消费者产品知识对有机蔬菜的购买影响并得出了影响系数。研究结果表明,消费者主观认知对有机蔬菜购买行为有正向影响,而创新性有微弱的负向影响;信息收集、客观认知对有机蔬菜购买行为有正向影响,有机蔬菜的消费者对其价格并不敏感。此外文章还研究了消费者人口统计变量对有机蔬菜购买的影响,部分人口统计变量对有机蔬菜购买存在调节作用。     

消费者行为与产品再定位关系的研究

消费者行为是企业与消费者建立和长期发展的交换关系,而产品再定位是一种创造性活动,就是把现有产品的款式、质量、包装等进行重新定位。首先阐述消费者行为和产品再定位的涵义,其次用扩散理论对消费者行为与产品再定位的关系进行分析,最后基于消费者行为对产品再定位策略实施提出建议。为企业在进行产品再定位时充分考虑消费者行为因素提供参考作用。     

消费电子企业S公司的新产品导入项目风险识别

文章通过分析消费电子企业S公司的新产品导入项目的特点,识别出其中存在的几类主要风险,为后续进行风险评价以及应对提供了帮助。     

Asymmetric Price Adjustment and Consumer Search: An Examination of the Retail Gasoline Market

This article proposes a new explanation for why retail prices respond more quickly to cost increases than cost decreases. I develop a search model that assumes consumers’ expectations of prices are based on prices observed during previous purchases. This model predicts that consumers search less when prices are falling, which results in higher profit margins and a slower price response to cost changes. I then empirically examine patterns of retail gasoline price response and price dispersion to show that this model predicts observed price behavior better than previously suggested explanations.     

产品设计中用户需求层次的构建与组合分析

在信息与科技高速发展的今天,企业必须在产品的研发阶段加强对产品概念属性组合的设计评估,以减少设计环节、明确设计方向,快速高效地转化用户需求目标来满足消费者的需求。联合分析法正是这样一种工具,可以对用户需求的多个属性同时进行定量的分析和评价,测试什么样的产品属性组合最受市场欢迎,是解决用户需求向功能需求转换的有力工具。论文分析了联合分析与层次分析法结合在用户需求目标转化中的应用技术,提出了基于联合层次分析的用户需求模型建模方法。     

基于层次分析法的消费品安全性评价

本文分析了影响消费品安全的各种因素,将人、消费品、环境作为一个系统整体考虑,应用层次分析法,构建了消费品安全评价层次结构和指标体系。     

欧盟消费品安全风险管理现状及对我国的启示

消费品安全是人们关注的永恒话题。本文通过较为系统地对欧盟消费品安全风险管理运行机制和方法进行归纳和总结,以及欧盟可供借鉴的经验,提出了我国建立产品安全风险管理机制的建议。     

产品属性对消费者产品选择影响效应分析——数码相机产品设计实证研究

面对中国市场的消费升级，消费需求出现多样化、复杂化。为了满足这样一种变化的需求，企业需要不断推出功能多样的新产品，来应对激烈的市场竞争。如何把握消费者对于产品属性的偏好、预测他们的选择行为，对于企业具有重大意义。文章选择了消费类数码相机（以下简称数码相机）市场，采用联合分析方法，对于数码相机产品属性对消费者产品选择影响效应进行分析。通过文章的研究可以发现，消费者在选择数码相机时，他们最关心的属性是价格，其次是像素、颜色、变焦倍数和品牌，最后是LCD大小，消费者对于数码相机各个属性的不同水平也表现出一定的规律。这一研究可以估计消费者对于不同属性组合的消费类数码相机的效用大小，从而为企业进行决策提供一定的依据。     

美国《消费品安全改进法案》之铅含量要求总述

文章介绍了美国《消费品安全改进法案》（CPSIA）中对于儿童产品总铅含量和油漆涂层中铅含量的要求,以及后续出台的一系列相关实施措施,以帮助企业充分了解铅含量要求所带来的挑战,从容应对。     

基于商品品类的网络购买决策关键影响因素研究

网络消费行为的研究成果众多,但影响消费者网络购买决策的关键因素仍不明确。本文从商品品类视角来研究消费者网络购买决策的关键影响因素。首先根据消费行为理论和前人相关研究成果构建了本文的研究假设模型,然后利用基于淘宝网和问卷星调研平台的全国性调查数据进行相关性分析和回归分析。通过对logit模型的分析,验证了假设模型,得到了在线商品网络购买决策关键影响因素,且发现针对不同商品品类其影响因素存在着差异性。     

低压电线质量抽检产品评价方案

本文主要针对BV、BLV/BVV、BLVV 450/750V系列单芯低压电线产品进行质量抽检,旨在明确BV、BLV/BVV、BLVV 450/750V系列低压电线排序方法,强化电线产品质量控制,以确保电力系统正常运行。     

基于模糊偏序关系的消费者偏好测评

了解消费者偏好是企业营销活动的基础性工作。本文首先利用模糊偏序关系的排序方法,解决消费者偏好的心理测度的模糊性问题,论证了用模糊偏序关系对心理测度进行评价是一种较好的方法;然后利用决策理论中的condorect函数把个人偏好合成群体偏好;最后用实例验证了该方法对消费者偏好进行评价的可行性。     

Time Management in the Cost Evaluation of Limited Resource Programs

Planning, implementing and evaluating an intervention program all hinge around time. A program’s actions are planned according to a forecast of the time required to achieve certain objectives, and the program’s implementation among a group of users is conditioned by its real time application. Similarly, program evaluation needs to take into consideration the time resource when analysing objectively the extent to which a program’s targets have been reached, and when conducting a cost analysis of the program. In limited resource programs, any disparity between the scheduled time and the real time available can have serious consequences, and even undermine a program’s efficacy. Time management, above all where resources are limited, is therefore the linchpin in the planning, implementation and evaluation of an intervention program. In this study we analyse the utility of PERT and CPM as basic tools for the efficient time management of limited resource programs.