非常规油气资源开发对美国复兴制造业的影响

美国非常规油气资源大规模开采导致天然气价格大幅度下降,为企业创造了新的低成本竞争优势,为制造业复兴提供了动力。但是,能源密集型制造业的兴起不利于美国政府发展先进制造业的努力。美国非常规油气资源的大规模开发引发的制造业投资和产出增加将减少中国制成品的出口,也为中国转变出口方式、促进制造业转型升级提供了机遇。     

大庆市旅游产业发展存在的问题及对策分析

旅游产业是大庆市接续产业的一个重要组成部分。当前,大庆市旅游产业发展存在着旅游吸引物不突出,旅游特色商品开发不足,旅游资源与周围城市具有一定趋同性等问题。提升大庆旅游产业优势的路径选择,应突出石油之城与侏罗纪公园的主题,主推具有大庆特色的旅游商品,加强区域旅游合作,扩大大庆旅游产业的知名度,打造大庆形象品牌。从而提高大庆旅游业的发展。     

The protectionist bias of duty drawbacks: evidence from Mercosur

In a political-economy setting where tariffs and duty drawbacks are endogenously chosen through industry lobbying, it is shown that full duty-drawbacks are granted to exporters who use imported intermediates in their production. This in turn decreases their incentives to counter-lobby against high tariffs on their inputs. In equilibrium, higher tariffs will be observed on these goods. The creation of a regional block will change the political equilibrium. Duty-drawbacks will be eliminated on intra-regional exports, which in turn will lead to lower tariffs for goods used as inputs by intra-regional exporters. Evidence from Mercosur suggests that the elimination of duty-drawbacks for intra-regional exports led to increased counter-lobbying by users of intermediate products. In its absence the common external tariff would have been on average 3.5 percentage points (25 percent) higher.     

大连市旅游业空间布局优化及其发展战略构想

独特的城市经营理念和发展模式让大连旅游业迅速崛起,产业地位和发展阶段也因此发生了显著变化。＂十一五＂时期将成为大连旅游提升产业素质、调整产业结构的历史转折期。在对大连旅游发展环境与旅游资源分析的基础上,对＂十一五＂期间大连旅游业的空间布局调整和优化、旅游总体发展战略体系构建提出了一些独到的见解。     

The role of inbound tourist flows in promoting exports

While it is established that tourism benefits growth through increased employment and investments, it is not well understood whether tourism has an effect on exports. This paper explores exports as an additional channel through which tourism affects domestic economic activity. Using bilateral tourist and trade flows, the paper explores the causal effect of tourist flows on exports. To deal with endogeneity, two instruments are constructed and subsequently used on two different sets of exporters, one of the instruments being the number of casualties due to terrorism in a country. We find that tourism affects mainly the exports of differentiated products. Specifically, we find that tourism benefits the exports from non‐OECD exporters of processed food products and this effect is only estimated for South–North trade with an elasticity close to 1. For European countries, the findings point in the same direction; tourism affects differentiated consumer products and processed food with elasticity close to 1, which adds plausibility to the earlier results. We also find a lagged effect for tourism mainly on the export of consumer goods (for the two samples) and processed food products (for European countries). The results suggest that exporting is an additional channel through which tourism can stimulate domestic economic activity in the tourist destination.     

Tourism promotion in developing countries

When announcing its ideas on development policy in the Second Development Decade which began in 1971, the Federal Government said that it “wishes to promote tourism in sultable less developed countries (LDCs) through improvement of the infrastructure, especially transport, provision of accommodation and training of the required personnel, making use of development banks in suitable cases”.     

Die Erwartungen der Wirtschaft für 2016

Last year saw only a moderate economic upturn, which will continue in 2016. Geopolitical risks and the loss of momentum in the emerging economies are obstacles that may hinder a positive trend in exports. However, the falling crude oil price and the low euro currency rate give hope for better prospects. On the domestic front, there is a strong focus on the digitisation of all sectors. Meanwhile, many problems result from the low level of investments and the high energy costs resulting from the energy transition. The insurance industry views the low-yield environment, which greatly intensified last year, as its main challenge in 2016.     

技术性贸易壁垒对中国电子行业出口的影响研究——基于中美贸易引力模型的实证分析

技术性贸易壁垒与出口之间的关系一直都是学术界关注的重点,但目前学术界对二者之间的具体影响机制尚未形成统一认知。利用2001年~2016年中国电子行业对美国出口额的时间序列数据,通过理论推导与拓展贸易引力模型,研究了美国技术性贸易壁垒对中国电子行业出口的影响。结果表明:实行传统关税壁垒,美国会比中国损失更多的出口利益,从而使得美国放弃关税壁垒而选择技术性贸易壁垒;技术性贸易壁垒对出口呈现正"U"型影响。研究结果还显示:美国技术性贸易壁垒对中国电子行业出口呈倒"U"型影响,这是因为美国技术性贸易壁垒强度会因中国技术创新数量与出口的增加而产生"壁垒强度突变";同时,美国技术性贸易壁垒对中国技术创新数量呈正"U"型影响。根据研究结论,提出了相关政策建议。     

我国企业利用FTA政策的调查与分析

目前,我国已经与世界其他国家或地区签订了4个FTA协定。从理论上讲,这些协定将推动我国企业的对外出口,而我国企业也会在出口中积极利用这些FTA政策。然而事实如何呢?本文首先介绍了企业调查背景及对一些理论问题在实践上的反思,然后对企业利用FTA政策的状况给予描述,并在其后分析了我国出口企业利用FTA政策较少的原因。在以上分析的基础上,本文最后给出了扩大我国出口企业利用FTA政策的建议。     

国外生态旅游细分市场分析

生态旅游是世界旅游市场最重要的组成部分。对近10年来国外报道的野生生物生态旅游、研究型生态旅游、土著文化生态旅游、基于大众旅游市场的生态旅游等主要生态旅游细分市场进行分析,目的是拓宽我国生态旅游市场开发的途径。     

哈尔滨湿地生态旅游发展问题与对策研究

哈尔滨湿地生态旅游是新兴的旅游项目,在近几年发展中存在着旅游产品单一、旅游基础设施不完善、湿地保护法律不健全、旅游专业人才匮乏等问题。对湿地进行开发的同时,必须做好保护措施,应采取虚拟旅游开发、完善基础设施、健全法律法规和引进专业人才等措施,合理的开发利用湿地资源,使其持续发展,创造更大的经济和社会效益。     

Ecotourism and sustainability in Mediterranean islands

Sustainable and ecotourism practices in the Mediterranean islands are still at their infancy stage. Over recent years, there has been an increased awareness about these types of practices, mainly expressed in the form of agreements and declarations. Although ecotourism practices have been applied in some islands, there are no instances where it has enjoyed popular demand among consumers. Most of the ecotourists who visit the Mediterranean islands tend to be of an occasional nature in that they are engaged in other forms of tourism in addition to ecotourism. The purpose of this paper is to review the current sustainable and ecotourism practices in selected islands in the Mediterranean (Balearic Islands, Crete, and Vis), as well as the environmental trends that are occurring within tourism in this region. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

旅游开发视阈下的乡村土地利用对策——以安徽为例

随着我国社会经济的发展,旅游业逐渐成为一大新兴产业开始发展壮大起来,而乡村旅游作为旅游业的一部分,也在推动国民经济等方面做出了重要的贡献。在国家乡村振兴发展战略实施与探索不断发展的同时,我国乡村旅游的开发和利用正迎来它新的机遇和挑战,乡村旅游用地作为乡村旅游发展的核心组成要素,其重要性日益凸显。随着我国乡村旅游产业发展方向越来越明晰,土地利用规划缺失的弊端也逐渐显现,因此如何利用好乡村土地资源,对乡村旅游的发展有着极其重要的影响,科学的土地利用规划会促进城乡经济、社会的共同发展,最终实现城乡经济融合、空间融合和社会融合。     

关于生态旅游的若干质疑

生态旅游是实现旅游业可持续发展的最佳选择。但到目前为止,生态旅游尚无明确的、公认的内涵,造成了生态旅游实践中的许多问题。在对国内外各种生态旅游的概念及内涵归纳总结的基础上,从生态旅游的对象、生态旅游者、生态旅游的属性、生态旅游与社区的关系等方面对现行的生态旅游内涵提出质疑,并进行深入分析。以期纠正生态旅游认识上的误区,并对生态旅游的实践有所启迪。     

Movements of People for Movements of Goods?

Whilst it is well established to think of international tourism as a type of exports, namely ‘home’ exports, the potential of tourism flows as an engine for fostering trade among countries is a poorly studied topic. In this paper, we show that this relationship can be studied at a very detailed level by exploiting the disaggregation of existing information on international trade and inbound tourism. We consider a sample of 25 countries belonging to the European Union, a region that has been interested by common shocks such as the establishment of the euro as the new currency for many countries and the liberalisation in the air transport market. We carry out a panel data analysis by means of which we assess whether international tourist arrivals by a given country activate additional exports towards the same country. We find not only that tourism can promote exports, but also that this effect displays important differences depending on whether or not consumption goods are considered. This finding is consistent with the idea that the experience of tourists in a given destination reduces the fixed costs of trade, thus facilitating access to the advantages of international trade for more peripheral economies.     

Australian Exports of Dairy Products

Abstract

Exports of dairy products are becoming increasingly important in terms of export earnings for Australia. The industry is the fourth highest foreign exchange earner compared to all Australia's food exports. However, Australian exports of dairy products account for about 67 per cent of the total Australian production of dairy products, and about 13 per cent of total world exports of dairy products. About 68 per cent of Australian dairy products exports are sold on Asian markets. The purpose of this paper is to examine the challenging issues and opportunities for Australian exports of dairy products on world markets and to identify potential and emerging export markets for Australian dairy products. Australia is highly restricted on its access to world dairy product markets by the impact of export subsidies and other trade barriers of overseas markets. The current economic and political crises in Asia are also not favourable to maintain export sales on some of the Asian markets. The export support scheme in Australia has made exporting attractive relative to domestic sales. But it is anticipated that the termination of the scheme after June 2000, will reduce production and exports by 6 and 20 per cent, respectively in the short run. However, in the long run, resources will be efficiently used without government intervention and Australian dairy products will also be competitive on the domestic market. There is scope for greater market opportunities in the emerging markets in Asia and other parts of the world for Australian dairy products. Australia will also benefit from the agreement on international trade that directs exporting countries to reduce export subsidy and remove nontariff trade barriers on exports of dairy products. Australia should implement appropriate measures to inaease the milk yield per cow, to improve the quality of dairy products and to identify the need for market promotion and research in order to increase the volume of dairy product exports on world markets, especially in Asia and other potential markets such as Middle East, Africa, Europe and the Americas.     

河北省发展生态旅游的思考

河北省生态旅游资源丰富,开发也具一定规模,然而在发展生态旅游的过程中存在着理论落后于实践、民航瓶颈作用突出、资源盲目开发利用等一系列问题。为此,政府、生态旅游协会、社区、公众等各方需共同参与,抓住奥运契机,实现河北省生态旅游的可持续发展。     

生态旅游资源开发的制度短板效应与政策取向研究

生态旅游是一种基于自然环境的“回归大自然”的旅游,生态旅游资源和环境具有生态脆弱性和环境敏感性,开发不当,极易受到破坏。因而,要实现生态、经济和社会三种效益相统一的生态旅游资源开发方式,必须从制度上给予保证。文章从我国生态旅游资源开发的实际出发,指出其中存在的制度短板效应,并给出相应的对策。     

高油价困局

传统矿物能源的不可再生性,决定了过度依靠单一类型的自然能源所面临的系统性风险是无法回避的。＂世界经济血液＂的称号体现出石油在世界经济中的价值与地位,而华尔街的一句名言＂千万不要试图预测油价＂,又令其充满了神秘色彩。     

我国高新技术产业贸易竞争力分析

近年来,我国高新技术产品出口在制成品出口中的比重不断增加,由此引发对我国高新技术产业贸易竞争力及比较优势的思考。本文通过对比传统贸易理论和内生比较优势理论,利用贸易竞争力指数和“显示”比较优势指数对我国高新技术产业的国际竞争力进行了测算,并运用战略性贸易政策对我国发展高新技术产业提供了政策支持。