物业税改革配套制度设计

中央政府冀望通过开征物业税缓解地方财政困难,进而建立事权和财权、财力相配套的财税体制,从根本上遏止地方政府对“土地财政”的依赖,解决地方政府的“逆向软预算约束”问题.但此项改革举措并未得到地方政府的积极响应;相较于物业税而言,地方政府更青睐于“土地财政”.物业税迟迟不能全面实际开征,关键在于与物业税改革相配套的一系列制度的缺失.应从激励制度、信息系统、征管制度、公共财政制度、评估制度、地方政府间分配制度等方面完善物业税改革的配套制度,为物业税的有效推进和全面实施奠定有利的基础.     

以物业税为契机 推动房地产税费改革

我国房地产税费制度存在着税种繁杂、征税范围狭窄等缺陷，亟需改革。物业税的开征，不仅可以解决现行房地产税制中的某些弊端，更是提供了改革的大好契机，将房地产税费制度改革推向了前台。     

物业税配套改革研究

中共中央十六届三中全会明确提出：。实施城镇建设税费改革。条件具备时对不动产开征统一规范的物业税．相应取消有关收费。。物业税改革作为一项系统工程．涉及到多方面的约束条件。在物业（房地产）保有环节单独引进一项新税种而不对现行相关的税费制度进行配套改革，是难以成功的。如何对现行房地产税、费制度进行配套改革．为新的物业税制的顺利推出创造必要的条件．是一个必须研究解决的问题。     

关于推进我国物业税改革的若干思考

在观念上要正确审视物业税的作用 目前,房地产税制中诸如流通环节税费高、保有环节税费少、征税范围狭窄等问题大量存在。这些问题不可能通过物业税一个税种就全部解决。从国外的经验来看,通常在物业税之外,还要完善与房地产交易、继承等方面有关的税种。因此,推进物业税改革要对房地产税制进行全面分析,合理构建房地产税收体系,不宜过分夸大物业税的作用。     

中国物业税时代来临了吗？：物业税，新一轮税制改革的焦点

物业税又称财产税或地产税。主要针对土地、房屋等不动产。要求其承租人或所有者每年都要缴付一定税款。而应缴纳的税值会随着其市值的升高而提高。目前我国还没有一个明确地提出征收不动产物业税的具体实施细则和措施。 目前我国的不动产税收存在内外税不统一、房和地分设税种、计税依据不合理以及税基较窄．对房地产征收费用较高等诸多问题。物业税是将现在购房时所缴纳的房产税和土地税合并。将房屋建设期间的税费征收转变为房屋保有期间的税费征收。两年前。物业税的概念在中国刚刚提出的时候，人们唯恐其引发“房价大跌”，但这种观点现在已很少有人提及。可以肯定的是，物业税离我们越来越近了。 开征物业税。房地产业的税费征收环节后移。地价和相关税费分70年交，那么也就意味着占住宅成本中一大半的地价和相关税费在销售时只需先交纳1／70。那么开征物业税能否真正抑制房价？还是只将会有助于减轻房地产企业开发初期的资金压力？如果这样的话，房地产开发成本的下降并不意味着购房者总体购房成本的下降!因为，开征物业税后，开发商因此在开发成本上获得的好处，却不一定会在商品房的总价上优惠给购房者。 进退维谷中的物业税究竟能否震荡中国房地产界，能抑或不能？对银行信贷又会产生何种影响？中国物业税时代来临了吗？[编者按]     

推进房地产税制改革的利剑——稳步推进物业税

2011年1月18日,上海和重庆作为试点城市,开始征收房产税,标志着我国新一轮的房产改革启动.本文阐述了推进物业税改革将带来的影响,结合现状提出现行房地产税制中存在的弊端,同时在我国现行房产税税收征收管理实际的基础上,针对开征物业税面临的实际操作难题,提出了未来房地产税改革的建议.     

开征物业税提出的背景及对房地产开发与消费的影响

对提出物业税的背景、物业税的性质、开征的条件及对房地产开发与住房消费的影响，以及开征的前期准备与步骤，依据我国的国情，进行了较为系统的分析和论证。     

物业税改革思路评析——基于物业税与房地产业租税费制度的关系

自2003年十六届三中全会做出适时开征物业税的决策至今,国内理论界就物业税的改革思路进行了广泛的探讨,其中一个焦点就是如何处理物业税与我国现行房地产租税费制度的协调与融合的问题。对此,学者们提出了“租税合并”、“整合税种”、“税费联动”等多种观点,为了明确物业税的改革思路,有必要对以上观点进行评析。     

浅析物业税改革对房地产行业的影响

房地产业与我国人民群众的日常生活休戚相关,在我国国民经济发展中占有重要地位。建国以来历经多次房地产税费改革,我国房地产税收制度积累了大量的宝贵经验,同时也更加清晰的发现了当前存在的税种设置不合理、税费过高等问题。本文对物业税改革对房地产市场的预期影响作了分析,力求为我国物业税改革提供具有一定参考价值的资料。     

浅议开征物业税的条件

党的十六届三中全会通过的《关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》提出“实施城镇建设税费改革，条件具备时对不动产开征统一规范的物业税，相应取消有关收费”。《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年计划的建议》提出“稳步推行物业税，规范土地出让收入管理办法”。中央之所以如此重视物业税的问题，是与它在国民经济中的重要性日益凸显分不开的。事实上，除了中央文件正式规定开征物业税的提法之前，财政部和国家税务总局多年已经对开征财产税进行过大量研究和准备工作。笔者认为，开征物业税的条件已经基本具备，到了应当加快立法和实施的时候了。     

加拿大房地产税的征管及特点

房地产税是加拿大最古老的税种之一,税基宽,税率低,是其地方政府财政收入的主要来源。加拿大建立了科学有效的房地产税估价制度,通过评税确定计税依据,计算机辅助批量评估系统也提高了评税工作效率,减少了地方财政负担,已经建成卓有成效的房地产税评估争端解决机制,保证了加拿大房地产税评税工作在100多年来能够逐渐走向成熟,并成为世界上许多转型国家效仿的典范。     

增值税改革提示——研发机构采购设备的增值税优惠政策解读

允许增值税一般纳税人抵扣采购固定资产的进项税额,是2009年增值税转型中最主要的一项政策变化。包括研发机构等在内的外商投资企业,在原增值税法规下所享受的采购设备进口环节免税待遇也因此被取消。     

房地产开发企业所得税政策解析

对房地产行业收入及成本核算不规范、税款偷逃流失严重的现象,2003年7月21日,国家税务总局出台《关于房地产开发有关企业所得税问题的通知》(国税发[2003]83号,以下简称“83号文”),明确了房地产企业所得税的征税问题。本文将就有关政策的含义以及应缴税款计算等问题进行重点分     

A new test for equitable real estate tax assessment

Paglin and Fogarty (1972) proposed a correct conceptual view of equitable property tax assessment, but attempts to find an empirical test of their model have become mired in technical issues. The new empirical test proposed here is based on the notion that the market value of an individual property is essentially unobservable.Empirical results for 52 towns in Connecticut show that the new model (a 2SLS procedure) removes a substantial part of the biases present in other tests. Moreover, the 2SLS procedure provides a method for removing the time trend from sales prices. Thus, sales prices can be adjusted to the date of assessed value allowing evaluation of assessment practices as opposed to assessment lags. This refines previous approaches, and it substantially expands the number of transactions that can be used to evaluate equity in property tax assessment practices.     

Indirect tax reform and the role of exemptions

This paper examines the question of whether indirect tax rates should be uniform, using four different modelling strategies. First, marginal tax reform is examined. This is concerned with the optimal direction of small changes in effective indirect tax rates and requires considerably less information than the calculation of optimal rates. Second, the welfare effects of a partial shift from the current indirect tax system in Australia towards a goods and services tax (GST) are considered, with particular emphasis on differences between household types and the role of exemptions. Third, in view of the stress on a distributional role for exemptions of certain goods from a GST, the potential limits to such redistribution are considered. The fourth approach examines the extent of horizontal inequity and reranking that can arise when there are non‐uniform tax rates. These inequities arise essentially because of preference heterogeneity.     

Local property tax differences and business real estate values

This article posits a model of the effect of differences in changes in local property tax rates on changes in the business real estate tax base. It is also hypothesized that changes in the tax base influence changes in the property tax rate. Empirical findings for metropolitan Chicago are that both differences in property tax changes and levels have large effects on the growth of the value of business real estate. Also, changes in the property tax rate are found to depend upon changes in the tax base as well as the property tax level and its previous change.     

The impact of tax incentives on foreign direct investment in China

Scholes and Wolfson 1989, Scholes and Wolfson 1992) argue that tax rules jointly influence investment decisions and organizational form. The present research uses Chinese data to test these assertions. Specifically, our study investigates whether (1) the creation of special tax incentive zones is an effective tax policy for China to induce new foreign direct investment (FDI) into specific regions, and (2) changes in the tax rules influence the particular form of foreign direct investment selected: equity joint ventures, contractual joint ventures, and wholly foreign-owned enterprises. Our results indicate that tax incentives are effective in attracting FDI to China, and moreover, influence the selection of a particular form of FDI. One limitation of our study is that we were unable to completely control for the correlated-omitted-variable problem.     

Determinants of the variability in corporate effective tax rates and tax reform: Evidence from Australia

This study examines the determinants of the variability in corporate effective tax rates in Australia spanning the Ralph Review of Business Taxation reform. Our results indicate that corporate effective tax rates are associated with several major firm-specific characteristics, including firm size, capital structure (leverage) and asset mix (capital intensity, inventory intensity and R&D intensity). While the Ralph Review tax reform had a significant impact on many of these associations, corporate effective tax rates continue to be associated with firm size, capital structure and asset mix after the tax reform.     

Progression and revenue effects of income tax reform

Usually, only initial revenue effects of personal income tax reforms are considered. However, a tax reform characterized by base broadening in exchange for rate reduction can reduce the income elasticity of tax revenue. In that case, the increase in revenue after income growth will be relatively smaller: the tax reform has a negative effect on revenue in the second period. Using the microtax model of the Central Planning Bureau we simulated the effects of the Dutch Oort reform 1990 on revenue elasticities and, consequently, on tax revenue. The income tax revenue elasticity declined by 17 percent which caused an additional revenue loss of 0.6 percent in 1990, rising to 3.8 percent in 1993.     

建立我国绿色税制的构想

自上世纪80年代以来,环境政策已成为世界各国经济及政治关注的焦点。OECD国家纷纷掀起了绿色税制改革热潮。为应对二十一世纪全球环境新规范,我国新一轮税制改革必须将环境考虑整合于税制体系的设计中,深化绿色税制改革,建立绿色税收制度。