中国共产党工业化道路理论的学理性探析

中国的工业化取得了举世瞩目的成功。理论是行动的指南,中国共产党提出的工业化理论为制定工业化战略和政策指明了方向。本文聚焦中国共产党工业化道路理论,从思想脉络和发展规律角度探求该理论的动态演进和深层机理,以期推进对中国共产党工业化理论的系统性、科学性和学理性研究。本文梳理和归纳了中国共产党农轻重协调发展理论(工农业关系论与农轻重次序论)和工业化发展战略理论(重工业优先发展论、农村工业化论、新型工业化论、"四化"同步发展论)的主要观点和历史演进,并剖析了每个理论观点背后的主要依据。本文认为,中国共产党工业化道路理论的演进过程是一个内涵不断丰富和深化的过程,是一个把马克思主义基本原理同中国伟大实践密切结合的过程,也是一个工业化驱动理论引领工业化道路理论的过程。     

基于一体化表征公式的通导融合体系研究

为了从基础理论层面诠释通信导航融合的原理,为通信导航融合研究提供引导和理论支撑,从无线电传播的理论基础和代表性公式入手,综合考虑传输和测量2个核心要素,推导出通信导航一体化联合似然概率、信道容量、网络容量3个统一表征公式;以此为基础,选择了通信导航一体化波形并针对性设计了一体化接收机架构;提供了一体化系统架构和资源管理方案2个角度的一体化系统实现思路,最终构建了由一体化表征公式、一体化链路设计、一体化系统构成的通信导航融合体系。结果表明,所建构体系实现了数学机理、物理承载、应用实现3个层面的通导融合,描绘了通信导航融合的整体框架,涵盖了通信导航融合研究的主要领域,可为通信导航融合发展涉及的信号体制、交互协议、硬件设计等方面的研究提供参考和支撑。     

金属-有机骨架材料的制备及应用进展

金属-有机骨架材料(简称MOFs)是近年来发展迅猛的一种具有三维孔结构的新型高分子材料,由有机配体和金属离子通过配位键自组装形成,具有较大的比表面积和较好的吸附性能。回顾了MOFs材料的研发历程,系统地介绍了MOFs材料水/溶剂热合成、微波合成、超声合成的原理和制备方法,分析了其优点和存在的不足。讨论了MOFs材料在储氢、CO2吸附、有毒化合物吸附、催化、荧光等方面的研究进展,认为未来的研究方向是开发新的MOFs材料合成工艺,进一步提高结构稳定性,拓展其应用领域。     

Why has multilateral space and spectrum resource management become more difficult?

This paper explains why the coordination of satellite orbits and spectrum use among nations may become more contentious and protracted. The potential for greater risks, delays, and conflicts may occur, despite treaty-level commitments by most nations to promote the peaceful uses of outer space and access to radio spectrum and satellite orbits free of signal interference and collision risk. Heretofore, specialized sectors of the United Nations (“UN”) have worked effectively in forging multilateral consensus on these matters.Since the onset of artificial satellite technology, the UN has created five space-related treaties covering such issues such as freedom of exploration, liability for damage caused by space objects, the prevention of harmful interference with space activities and the environment, the notification and registration of space activities, exploitation of natural resources in outer space and settlement of disputes. The International Telecommunication Union (“ITU”), a specialized agency of the UN, has largely achieved the goal of preventing harmful signal interference, formulating technical standards promoting equipment compatibility, and establishing uniform, operational rules of the road. Until now, month long ITU spectrum planning conferences have reached closure on both mundane and critical matters, albeit at a slow and methodical pace.The paper explains how several chronic and emerging factors challenge the successful record of multilateral consensus building on space and spectrum resource management issues. The probability of collisions of spacecraft with other objects, including space debris and harmful signal interference has increased, because the United States has opted to make domestic satellite rules and frequency allocations and in advance of final ITU consideration. Additionally, initiatives by China and Russia to expand the ITU’s mission to include elements of Internet governance could promote balkanization of Internet access and recognize the sovereign right of individual nations to surveil and control access to broadband networks.The paper assesses whether and how UN agencies can continue to establish timely and effective policies and procedures for reducing space debris and the potential for spacecraft collisions, and preventing harmful signal interference. The paper concludes that China, Russia, and the U.S., should renew efforts to promote collegiality, consensus building, and longstanding, shared goals at UN and ITU conferences.     

节能环保与经济增长双重目标下我国重工业结构的调整研究

本文以规模经济作为主要理论基础,结合环境理论等,探讨了重工业结构调整推进节能减排和经济增长的机制和对策.要保持经济的可持续发展并促进节能减排水平的提高,需要对重工业结构进行调整.将单位GDP能耗的影响因素进行分解,并探寻它们之间的相互关系:技术进步与产业结构高度化之间的相互作用、规模经济与重工业产业组织结构之间的相互作用、聚集经济及环境容量与重工业产业布局结构之间的相互作用,共同促进了节能减排水平的提高和重工业的发展及经济的增长,这构成了重工业结构调整促进节能减排和经济增长的机制.最后,我们提出了重工业结构调整包括产业结构高度化、产业组织结构调整和产业布局结构调整的对策.     

农村民间金融的现状 问题及对策

本文介绍了在农村金融需求强烈而供给不足的情况下,农村民间金融的需求、发展现状。以实际案例分析了农村民间金融活动中存在的借贷利率失控、经营风险、民间金融组织缺乏规范等存在的问题,探讨了强化县级银监办事处权限、加大监管力度、规范民间借贷手续、规范民间金融组织等对策,为减少和控制民间金融风险的发生、降低民间借贷纠纷案发率提供了相应的途径。     

剂油比和水油比对催化裂化汽油芳构化影响的研究

以“兰炼”(兰州炼油化工总厂的简称,下同)催化裂化(FCC)汽油为原料,采用小型固定流化床为芳构化反应装置,考察了剂油比和水油比对芳构化产物收率、产品的马达法辛烷值(MON)、研究法辛烷值(RON)和液体产品组成的影响规律。实验结果表明,随着剂油比的提高,干气、液化气和焦炭收率逐渐增大,汽油和柴油收率逐渐减小,产品的转化率在94%左右,且随着剂油比的升高转化率先减少后增加,当剂油比为14.67∶1时,产品的转化率有最小值;MON和RON随着剂油比的升高而先增加后减少,当剂油比为6.03∶1时,产品的MON和RON有最大值,分别为83.50%和96.83%;随着水油比的加大,汽油、柴油和焦炭收率与产品的MON和RON逐渐减少,干气和液化气收率变化不大,而“兰炼”FCC汽油的转化率在94%左右。     

“织物结构与设计”课程的教学改革探讨

从"织物结构与设计"课程的性质、作用、教学模式、教学方法、教学内容的针对性与适用性、课程考核内容与方法、教学效果等几个方面对课程的教学改革进行了探讨,以促进教学质量和人才培养质量的提高。     

Individual differences and performance amongst R and D personnel: Some implications for management development

The literature on age and intelligence and scientific performance are briefly reviewed as a prelude to a more detailed consideration of recent work on the characteristics of innovative people. Attention is focussed on Kirton's measure of Innovation-Adaptation and a suggestion is made that it measures a mixture of level of creativity and style of innovation, and that future work should concentrate on developing the three sub-scales of originality, efficiency and rule-conformity. Some implications for the selection and development of R and D personnel are outlined.     

网络型厂商公司治理结构与市场行为机制的理论探析——基于资本结构与定价行为的视角

本文假设在不能有效地改变市场结构和维持价格管制策略的前提下,深入地分析了网络型厂商内部的结构和特征,以及执行管制价格同样会造成社会福利损失的问题。得出通过改变以资本结构为核心的公司治理机制,打通资本市场和产品市场之间的利益流,建立起网络型厂商内部和资本市场上的利益制衡机制,进而制约经理层以价格决策为核心的市场行为,达到弱化网络型厂商市场势力和垄断产品价格柔性下调的目的,运用这种微观治理的方法,将外部不可能实现的约束和制衡引入到网络型厂商内部,从而使全社会的资源和利益配置实现帕累托改进。     

Communication as a determinant of organizational innovation

This study of 32 small and medium-sized industrial enterprises explored eight distinct aspects of communication, as appraised by the staff ( n  = 493), and innovative performance, assessed by two indicators: perceived innovation effectiveness and patent statistics obtained from the Patent Register at the National Board of Patents and Registration of Trademarks. The results showed that intra-organizational aspects of communication, such as encouragement of initiatives and critical evaluation of performance, were associated with both indicators of innovative performance. In addition, a participative climate and interaction between the personnel in R&D, marketing and production were related to perceived innovative effectiveness, whereas interaction with clients and other firms related to the number of patents in the organization. The link between communication and innovation was interdependent with the organizational and staff characteristics including the number of personnel, administrative and R&D intensity, the level of vocational training, and the age distribution of the staff.     

New new technologies: the future and the present of work in information and communication technology

This paper outlines a selection of technological and organisational developments in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector and analyses their likely challenges for workers and trade unions around the globe. It addresses the convergence of telecommunications and information technology, the related developments of ubiquitous computing, ‘clouds’ and ‘big data’, and the possibilities of crowdsourcing and relates these technologies to the last decades' patterns of value chain restructuring. The paper is based on desk research of European and international sources, on sector analyses and technology forecasts by, for instance, the European Union and Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development, and some national actors. These prognoses are analysed through the lens of recent research into ICT working environments and ICT value chains, identifying upcoming and ongoing challenges for both workers and unions, and outlining possible research perspectives.     

建设工程合同管理的国际比较分析

目前，我国建设工程中合同体系不健全，合同管理水平低。从建设工程合同体系与合同管理两方面进行国际比较分析。合同体系比较分析的内容包括：体系结构、所运用的承包方式、定价方式、本的适用及制订的参与等。合同管理比较分析的内容包括：总分包合同管理、合同的担保与保险，合同的索赔管理，合同的签订与履行等。     

The framing of innovation among European research funding actors: Assessing the potential for ‘responsible research and innovation’ in the food and health domain

Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) has recently emerged as a new framework for science and technology governance. The concept articulates the need for mutual exchange by which societal actors become responsive to each other early on in the process of innovation, with a view to facilitate ethically acceptable and sustainable innovation. There is relatively limited evidence to explore the extent to which the process of research and innovation under the terms of RRI is realised in practice, particularly in the context of food and health research. Although research to date has been examining innovation from the point of view of inputs and outputs—R&D funding and patents—we propose to examine the cognitive framing of innovation that shapes decisions of those who constitute a part of the innovation chain. This paper explores how the concept of innovation is understood and used in policy implementation, with a particular focus upon ‘food and health’ science and research policy and funding. Our analysis is based on 55 interviews of various actors engaged in research funding decision-making across eight European countries. Three themes emerged from the analysis: concept of innovation; conditions for innovation; and drivers of innovation; through these themes, the cognitive framing was drawn out. The cognitive framing suggests that innovation in the food and health domain is perceived to be focused on biosciences and marketable applications to the neglect of social sciences and broader public interest; that the “innovation network” is primarily viewed as centred around scientific/technical and industrial actors; and that the demand-pull dynamic is relevant to innovation in the area of food and health, despite having been relegated in contemporary thinking and policies around innovation. These findings point to the inadequate consideration of the normative issues—how problems are to be defined and addressed—among national research funders in the food and health domain, and indicate a gap between the ideas of innovation under the terms of RRI and innovation as conceptualised by those involved in its governance.     

基于关键技术合理规划地方新能源电动汽车产业发展

发展新能源电动汽车是解决能源和环境问题,实现汽车产业快速发展的有效途径,通过对电动汽车发展现状和关键技术的分析,明确了以纯电动汽车和混合动力汽车为主要发展目标,以电动机及其控制技术和动力电池及其管理技术为核心技术。结合河北省汽车产业发展现状,提出了多元化发展模式,建立基于关键技术的产业基地,实行高速电动汽车和低速电动汽车的差异化发展格局和优先有序发展低速电动汽车的产业发展规划,推进新能源汽车快速发展。     

300 kt/a改性沥青装置的经济分析

针对300kt／a改性沥青装置建设的必要性和在经济上的可行性，对重交通道路沥青的需求进行了市场调查和预测，并以投资、成本估算为基础，进行了财务指标计算以及盈利能力、不确定性和风险的分析，确认实施该项目的必要性和经济上的可行性。     

全球化经济中的生产非一体化--基于江苏投入产出表的实证研究

全球经济中生产非一体化已成为国际制造业发展的主要方向,生产非一体化有其内在的动因和发生机制.文章在揭示生产非一体化内涵及其效应的基础上提出了若干假说,运用投入产出表对中国及长三角的贸易一体化和生产非一体化程度进行了测量,对二者的相关性进行了计量检验.结果支持了本文假说,贸易一体化和生产非一体化互为解释变量时,计量效果显著,对它们具有较高解释力的变量还有资本化指数、行业外向度和交易费用等,改进后的模型显著性水平提高.     

天然气中硫化物分析方法标准比较分析(待续)

天然气中硫化物分析包括总硫、硫化氢、臭味硫化物和其他有机硫化物的分析.从安全、环保和管线、设备腐蚀的角度出发,硫化物含量是需要特别注意和考虑的技术要求.国际标准化组织(ISO)从80年代初开始逐步建立了天然气中硫化物分析方法国际标准,美国材料与试验学会(ASTM)也建立了类似的硫化物分析标准.我国在80年代末建立了天然气中总硫和硫化氢的分析方法国家标准,并分别于1996年和1997年结合多年实施情况和天然气生产需要,对其进行了修订.本文就ISO国际标准、我国国家标准和部分ASTM标准,按总硫、硫化氢、单个硫化物和硫化物特征官能团,从方法适用范围、方法原理、重复性和再现性,以及测定流程等方面对天然气中硫化物分析方法标准进行了比较和简要的介绍,并根据我国天然气工业的实际状况,提出了对硫化物分析方法的采标建议.     

火焰矫正弯曲变形的新工艺及原理

采用火焰矫正弯曲变形的新旧两种工艺对板边堆焊试件和T型梁试件进行了弯曲变形的矫正,通过两种工艺矫正弯曲变形矫正量的测试和比较,以及对堆焊试件应力的测试和分析,探讨了火焰矫正弯曲变形新工艺的特点及原理。     

组织技术和物质条件对组织文化形成和发展的影响研究

通过本文的研究,明确了组织技术和物质条件和组织文化的形成和发展之间的关系,提出组织技术和物质条件在组织文化形成和发展的过程中扮演的角色,为进一步研究组织技术和物质条件影响组织文化的形成和发展,以及组织文化对组织技术和物质条件的优化、组合、创新和发展提出的要求打下坚实的基础。