浅议跨国公司转移定价策略的制定

转移定价作为跨国公司在进行向全球一体化发展以及完成公司整体目标的方式或者手段,规定了比较合理的能够为跨国公司带来最高经济效益的转移价格,本文主要介绍了公司内部制定转移价格时具体采用的方式以及动机,和在这些动机和方式前提下,对当前大多数公司如何在这个大的环境下寻求最优的转移定价的策略.     

浅谈跨国公司转移定价对中国的影响及应对措施

随着世界经济的发展,国际市场竞争日益加剧。转移定价已经成为跨国公司扩大总体利益的重要方式。如今跨国公司拥有越来越大的自主权,他们通过转移定价的方式将企业利润转移出东道国,造成财富的巨大转移,严重损害了我国的经济利益。本文首先分析了当前跨国公司在华实施转移定价的主要形式;其次阐述了转移定价对中国经济产生的不良影响;最后提出了相应的对策来控制跨国公司转移定价的产生。     

跨国公司对我国技术转移效应分析

在全球化背景下,市场竞争逐渐演变成高科技的竞争,目前我国的技术水平对于经济发展是一个瓶颈问题,而跨国公司技术转移是我国提高技术水平的捷径,然而跨国公司对我国技术转移过程中不仅产生了一系列的正效应,也产生了多方面的负效应。本文就此问题进行分析,并针对如何减少负效应,充分发挥技术转移的正效应给出相应的政策建议。     

浅议跨国公司转移定价策略的制定

转移定价作为跨国公司在进行向全球一体化发展以及完成公司整体目标方式或者手段,规定了比较合理的能够为跨国公司带来经济效益的转移价格。本文主要介绍了公司内部制定转移价格时具体采用方式以及动机,和在这些动机和方式前提下,对当前大多数如何在这个大的环境下求最优的转移定价的策略。     

跨国公司对华技术转移的新动向与对策

<正> 21世纪初,为适应全球经营环境的变化,特别是面对经济自由化、技术变革和竞争加剧带来的机遇和挑战,跨国公司生产和研发的全球化趋势显著增强,全球一体化生产和研发体系的脉络已经日渐清晰。加入WTO后,随着对外开放进程的加快,中国作为世界制造中心的地位突显,跨国公司对华投资和技术转移进入了新阶段,其技术转移的动机和方式发生了一些新的变化,对我国研发机制和技术创新的发展产生了不可忽视的影响。     

环境成本内部化对中国对外贸易的影响分析

环境成本外部化造成了产品价格的扭曲和市场的失灵,纠正外部性的最好办法是实施环境成本内部化。但由于技术和政策等原因,各国的环境标准不同,环境成本内部化程度也不同,由此导致的环境贸易壁垒对我国的对外贸易带来了挑战和机遇。要根据实际情况,采取制度创新、绿色技术创新、调整出口产业和产品结构、加强环保领域的国际协调与合作等措施来解决贸易和环境保护的问题。     

跨国公司内部资本市场成因及其效率约束

资本市场内部化是跨国公司优化公司资源配置的基本手段和重要途径.内部资本市场不仅为跨国公司扩张缓解外部信用约束提供便利,而且,资本市场内部化冲动内生于跨国公司国际生产体系的协同效应.但是,资本市场的内部化作为公司资源配置的工具,其效率决定同样面临着一系列约束条件.     

完善国际资本转移中江苏沿江地区投融资体系的思考

随着全球经济结构调整和跨国公司重新调整全球生产布局．发达国家的制造业在战略上向发展中国家转移。我国愈益成为跨国公司生产、制造基地转移的首选地之一。特别是我国沿海、沿江地区由于其地理位置独特已成为国际资本流人的主要地区。     

形成跨国公司对外直接投资优势的财务战略

作为主流跨国公司理论的OLI范式用所有权特定优势、区位特定优势和内部化特定优势解释了跨国公司以对外直接投资方式向外扩张的行为,但财务因素对各种优势形成的作用没有得到明显表述。由于竞争环境发生改变,财务战略的合理使用可以为跨国公司的对外直接投资创造财务优势。这些战略包括:增强筹资能力和降低筹资成本、增加企业的现金流、降低财务代理成本和加强财务风险管理等。     

试论跨国公司转移定价策略

避税,是跨国公司转移定价的主要策略之一。随着跨国公司在中国市场投资的不断增加,转移定价问题也显得越来越突出。如何针对避税问题采取相主尖的对策,是我们目前亟待解决的重要课题。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.