基于改进的DEA模型在效率评价中的应用

DEA模型是目前最常用的效率评价方法,但是传统DEA模型输入和输出指标权重分配不合理,导致无法对有效的决策单元加以区分。在DEA模型中引入灰色关联约束锥,对权重进行约束。通过将该模型应用于高校评价,验证了该模型可以在信息不充分时解决指标权重分配和决策单元排序问题,使评价结果更为合理。     

基于超效率模型的石油天然气上市公司投资价值评价

DEA方法的CCR模型难以解决相对有效单元进一步识别的问题,而超效率模型通过重新定义生产可能集,可以对决策单元进行充分排序和评价。本文以中国9家石油天然气上市公司为样本,运用CCR模型和超效率模型,对2011年下半年石油天然气上市公司的经营效率进行了实证分析,结果表明,超效率值大小的顺序即是各个公司经营效率的强弱排序,对投资者投资具有较高的参考价值。     

基于L-R型模糊DEA的模型改进

本文首先介绍了前人建立的模糊DEA模型,考虑这些模型存在人为提高效率值、未充分利用模糊信息、计算量过大的问题,建立了一个新的L-R DEA模型,该模型基于α-截集的模糊数变换,将指标集分解为多个指标子集,分别对每个子集进行效率计算,最后应用熵值法确定决策单元(DMU)的最终效率值。该方法可以对DMU进行充分排序,扩大了DEA的应用领域。文末通过一算例来说明新模型的有效性。     

各行业企业物流发展不平衡性评价分析

重新整合数据包络分析法(DEA),在传统CCR模型基础上,补充决策单元(DMU)排序方法.使其不但能够指出各决策单元是否有效及无效的原因和程度.同时得到各决策单元的优先排序。并利用该方法对2003-2004年我国十个行业的企业物流发展状况进行评价分析.指出各行业企业物流发展的特点及其存在问题.并对这十个行业的企业物流发展水平进行了排名。     

基于超效率DEA的城市快速路运输效率评价

<正>传统的道路运输效率评价是以提高整条道路的服务水平为目的,但不能找到运输效率高低的原因。覃晏等人在《城市快速路运输有效性的DEA评价方法》中首次提出了利用DEA模型对城市快速路运输有效性进行评价,并对上海市高架道路系统进行了实证分析。在实证分析过程中,被评价的快速路段为14个,作为14个决策单元,而DEA评价结果中有效单元为7个,占到了总数的一半,而对这7个有效单元再不能进行优劣排序,也不能找到他们的弱点。在此基础上,本文提出利用超效率DEA模型对城市快速路的运输效率进行评价,并对石家庄现有快速路运输效率进行实证分析。     

基于超效率DEA和Tobit模型的中国上市煤炭企业经营效率现状分析

本文运用数据包络分析（DEA）方法和Tobit回归模型,首先选取2011年沪深两市具有代表性的18家煤炭上市公司为研究对象,以货币资金、流动资产合计、长期股权投资、固定资产和非流动资产合计为投入变量,主营业务收入、主营业务利润、利润总额为产出变量,运用CCR模型从技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率等方面对其经营效率进行评价和分析;其次运用超效率DEA模型对CCR模型下DEA有效的决策单元计算其超效率值,从而为所有决策单元提供完整的效率值排序;最后,本文运用Tobit模型,分析影响中国上市煤炭企业经营效率的重要因素,为决策者提供提高企业经营效率的方向和政策。     

改进AHP主观性的DEA/AHP新模型

本文提出了一种DEA(数据包络分析)与AHP(层次分析法)结合的新模型。该模型有别于目前国内很多将AHP作为约束锥的DEA混合模型。通过对模型的阐述和算例的验证,得到了DEA/AHP方法相对于DEA的优势。并指出了以AHP作为约束锥的DEA混合模型的不足,以及本文提出的DEA/AHP方法对于AHP主观性的改进,并实现了DEA方法中决策单元的完全排序。     

基于区间 DEA 与蒙特卡罗模拟的京津冀文化产业经济效率测算研究

文化产业经济效率的测算面临外部性、指标模糊性以及排序三个难题,本文引入区间 DEA 模型和蒙特卡罗模拟法解决以上三个难点并测算京津冀文化产业的经济效率。文章依据微观经济学的生产理论,构建区间 DEA模型的蒙特卡罗模拟排序法,该排序法通过模拟各决策单元的有效生产次数占总生产次数的比重,据此计算各决策 单元的有效生产效率指...     

改进AHP主观性的DEA/AHP新模型

本文提出了一种DEA(数据包络分析)与AHP(层次分析法)结合的新模型.该模型有别于目前国内很多将AHP作为约束锥的DEA混合模型.通过对模型的阐述和算例的验证,得到了DEA/AHP方法相对于DEA的优势.并指出了以AHP作为约束锥的DEA混合模型的不足,以及本文提出的DEA/AHP方法对于AHP主观性的改进,并实现了DEA方法中决策单元的完全排序.     

基于DEA的煤炭行业上市公司梯级有效性分析

一、DEA模型及其基本原理 （一）DEA模型数据包络分析（Data Envelopment Analysis,简称DEA）是著名运筹学家A．Charnes和W．W．Copper等学者以“相对效率”概念为基础,根据多指标投入和多指标产出对相同类型的单位（部门）进行相对有效性或效益评价的一种新型系统分析方法。从“投入”到“产出”的这一过程称之为决策单元（DMU）。数据包络分析的模型模型就是假设有n个决策单元（DMU）,其中每个决策单元都有m种投入要素和s种类型的产出,则第j个决策单元对应的输入和输出为：     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.