感知风险理论在网上购物中的应用

感知风险理论几十年的发展证明其在解释消费者行为方面的适用性。国外相关研究显示:消费者对风险的感知是阻碍其网上购物的一个重要因素。本文分析了消费者对网上购物的风险感知情况,包括网上购物感知风险的概念,感知的风险类型、风险表现及风险来源,并提出了降低风险的建议。     

消费者感知价值对服务消费复购意向影响的研究——基于信任要素嵌入快递服务消费领域的分析

服务消费是经济发展的重要驱动力,可提升服务消费体量和质量。本文基于信任要素嵌入快递服务消费细分领域,对影响消费者服务消费复购意向的因素进行分析,具体包括差异性感知、质量性感知、价格性感知三类要素,并构建消费者感知价值对于服务消费复购意向的影响研究模型。研究发现：（1）感知价值及其三类感知要素对消费者服务消费复购意向存在正向影响,影响程度大小依次为差异性感知、质量性感知、价格性感知;（2）通过引入信任要素进行机制分析发现：消费者感知价值通过信任要素影响消费者复购意向;（3）信任本身对消费者服务消费复购行为存在积极影响。鉴于此,服务消费型企业应注重产品定价可信度,提高服务质量和差异化水平,构建信任培养的体系化路径,进而更好地触发消费者服务消费复购行为。     

顾客感知价值对消费者网购行为影响研究——以大学生群体为例

顾客感知价值一直是国内外学术界相关学者研究的重要课题,在移动网络普及的今天,网上购物已经成为广大消费者日常生活中不可缺少的一部分。本文从感知利得、利失及网络评价三个部分研究了顾客网购行为,提取了情境价值、信息价值、网站售后服务价值、辅助价值、情感价值、产品风险、服务不满等8个维度,研究这8个维度对消费者网上购买行为的影响。结果显示,信息价值、网站售后服务价值、辅助价值、情感价值等正向影响顾客网上购买行为,产品风险、服务不满负向影响顾客网上购买行为,网络评价正向影响顾客网络购买行为。据此,网络商家应关注信息提供、售后服务、辅助服务、消费者购物体验及网络评价等因素,降低消费者对产品的风险感知和对服务的不满。     

网络营销环境下的消费者行为研究

随着电子商务的飞速发展,越来越多的消费者开始选择性价比更多的网络购物,网络渠道价值也被越来越多的企业所认可。本文以网络购物消费者行为特征为突破口,对网络购物的消费者行为进行研究,发现消费者的感知风险、感知娱乐、绩效期望以及使用意愿对其起着重要的影响作用。因而,网上的商家、政府以及网上的消费者可以对这些影响因素进行研究,并采取相应的措施以促进网上消费的进一步增长。     

网上消费者感知风险及其影响因素研究

研究网上消费者的感知风险、形成感知风险的影响因素,是中小企业发展电子商务的一个重要切入点.本文旨在通过对网上消费者的实证分析,进一步探讨网上消费者感知风险及其主要影响因素,提出减少感知风险的对策,以期对中小企业发展电子商务有所借鉴.     

网上购物风险对消费者行为的影响——感知风险不同对购买偏好的影响机制比较

文章创新性地将感知风险作为变量因子研究不同消费者的购买偏好差异并在价格、品牌两个维度上得到验证,研究结果表明:网上购物时,消费者感知风险不同会影响其对价格、品牌的购买偏好;对于高风险感知者,对价格较高、品牌知名度较高的商品会产生更大的购买意愿;对于低风险感知者,对价格不同、品牌知名度不同的商品的购买意愿则不存在显著差异.文章建立在感知风险理论和消费者减少风险理论基础上,以感知风险结合价格、品牌知名度研究消费者行为偏好差异,从而更好地把握网上购物风险对消费者行为的影响.     

网上购物风险感知与网商行为约束

目前,我国网购市场的有很大的发展发展空间,但由于消费者网上购物的风险感知较大,影响了网购市场的规模.因此,扩大网购规模,必须降低消网上消费者感知风险的强度.网商是影响网上购物感知风险的重要因素,约束网商行为有利于扩大网购市场的规模.就我国而言完善信用评价制度的建立和网上自我约束机制的建立是约束网商行为的主要措施.     

消费者网上感知风险多层影响因素体系分析

缺乏信任是目前阻碍电子商务发展的原因,而网上感知风险是影响消费者信任的最主要原因。网上购物的虚拟性及不完善的基础体系使网上消费者感知风险更为强烈。本文利用多层结构方程模型来分析消费者网上信任的多层影响因素,构建了消费者网上感知风险多层影响因素体系,为网上服务商制定或改进营销策略,以减少消费者的风险感,从而刺激购买行为的发生提供理论指导。     

消费者网上购药行为模型构建——基于TAM和感知风险

为了解消费者网上购药的影响因素,构建基于TAM和感知风险理论的消费者网上购药行为模型。基于文献研究,运用开放式问卷调查,共回收82份有效问卷,利用Excel2010进行数据分析。经数据分析发现,影响网上购药的主要是感知有用,感知易用和感知风险,并在TAM和感知风险理论基础上提出了消费者网购药品行为模型,为后续的实证研究奠定了基础。     

网上零售商降低消费者感知风险的策略分析

目前感知风险的研究还主要集中在传统的消费情境下,而网上购物作为一种新型的、更为便捷的购买形式已经广为人们所接受,消费者在商店购买时会感知到风险,对于网络购物会感知到更大的风险.因此网络情境下消费者感知风险的产生不仅与消费者自身有关,也与产品的购买环境有很大的关系.文章指出,消费者可以通过自身努力来减少感知风险(如购买名牌、购买高价产品等),同时网上零售商也可以通过一些措施来降低消费者网上购物风险感知,比如安全支付、退款保证、网站声誉、客户的购买经验、产品组成信息、价格和促销等切实可行的策略.     

Assessing customers perception of online shopping risks: A structural equation modeling–based multigroup analysis

Increasing evidence shows the role of perceived risk in customers' attitude and intention to use online shopping services. However, the literature shows disagreement regarding the types of risks that influence purchase intention. Therefore, this study aims to empirically identify the most relevant sources of risks and uncertainties associated with online shopping services and to investigate the influence of sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., gender, age, and online shopping experience) on the levels of perceived risk using data collected through a survey questionnaire. A total of 558 participants were selected across three countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait). The responses were evaluated using structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis. The analysis showed that of the tested types of risks and uncertainty, only three had a significant influence on customers' purchase decisions: financial risk, information risk, and privacy risk. Regarding the moderating role of sociodemographic variables, the analysis showed that previous experience has a significant moderating effect. At the same time, gender and age were found not to affect the relationship between perceived risks and customers' purchase intention. These findings may help online stores understand customers’ concerns when considering online shopping. The limitations and theoretical and managerial implications of the present study are discussed.     

An empirical analysis of online shopping adoption in Beijing,China

The Internet is a global communication medium that is increasingly being used worldwide as an innovative tool for marketing goods and services. At the end of 2010, Internet users in China reached 420 million. However, online shopping in China is not widely practiced and organisations investing in B2C online shopping need to understand the factors that affect Chinese consumers′ online buying behaviour. This research develops a theoretical research model as a framework to identify the key decision factors influencing Chinese consumers′ to shop, or not to shop online. A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather information from 435 respondents in Beijing, China. The empirical analysis identifies and ranks seven important decision factors: perceived risk, consumer resources, service quality, subjective norms, product variety, convenience, and website factors. All of these decision factors impact on Chinese consumers′ adoption of online shopping. Moreover, managerial implications and recommendations are also presented.     

消费者对网上购物的风险认知及影响因素

风险认知是影响消费者网上购物的重要因素。网上购物的风险,主要包括财务风险、性能风险、身体风险、时间风险、隐私风险、心理风险和社会风险等维度。影响消费者网上购物风险认知的因素,主要有网络使用经验、网上购物经历、产品知识、创新性等。采取一些适当的措施,可以有效地降低网上购物的风险认知。     

Electronic Commerce Encourages Differentiation

Abstract

This paper explores why and how ecommerce firms differentiate their products and services. Consumers who shop online are able to do quick and easy comparison shopping, including shopping in an active market for used goods. Since online product search and price comparisons are faster, easier, and involve fewer shopping costs, firms who sell online must differentiate their products and services to a greater extent than those who do not sell online. These product and service differentiations may be certified and rated by host shopping sites and by outside ratings companies.     

Exploring the e-shopping geography of Lisbon: Assessing online shopping adoption for retail purchases and food deliveries using a 7-day shopping survey

E-shopping is growing globally, and the COVID-19 pandemic further accentuated this tendency. In this paper, online shopping adoption is analysed in Lisbon immediately before the pandemic outbreak. By focusing on an urban area, the impact of variables such as internet access or access to delivery services is controlled, thus enhancing the remaining components of the online purchase. The results show that online shopping is spatially dependent in an intraurban environment as a reflex of residential location preferences of different socioeconomic groups. Moreover, as internet access and delivery services become widespread, residential location preferences may come to explain e-shopping adoption both in urban and non-urban environments. The e-shopping geography of Lisbon suggests that age and affluence are determinants in explaining e-shopping adoption, with a marked distinction between central areas and more peripheral ones, some of which include extensive social housing projects. Hence, if retailers move online, shopping opportunities may become scarce for some consumers due to their socioeconomic status and consequent residential preferences. Nevertheless, strategic partnerships between retailers and the public sector may be devised to improve shopping opportunities. Physical stores can be encouraged to locate in areas where consumers are less prone to shop online. E-shopping adoption may also be encouraged by the public sector by promoting digital literacy, especially considering that the share of the older population is growing in Portugal as in most European countries.     

Why is Price Dispersion Higher Online than Offline? The Impact of Retailer Type and Shopping Risk on Price Dispersion

When physically similar products, of similar quality, are offered by retailers both online and offline, we often observe that the dispersion in prices of these products online is greater than the price dispersion offline. This observation runs counter to early theories that suggested price dispersion online would be smaller than that offline due to the ease of search and information availability online. This paper investigates and provides an explanation for this puzzling phenomenon by examining the impact of two important drivers of price dispersion: retailer type and consumers’ shopping risk. Retailer type refers to whether a retailer is a pure offline, pure online, or dual channel retailer. Shopping risk is defined as the product of consumers’ perceived risk of shopping and the transaction uncertainty related to shopping at different types of retailers.A game-theoretic approach is adopted to model consumers’ price search and product purchase, as well as price competition within and across retailer types in online and offline markets. Equilibrium pricing strategies are derived for different retailer types competing for different consumer segments with different levels of perceived shopping risk. The impact of retailer type and shopping risk on online versus offline price dispersion are quantified, and conditions when price dispersion is greater online than offline are identified.Results indicate that price dispersion is greater online when the number of pure online retailers is sufficiently large and is increasing in the number of pure online retailers. In addition, a reduction in online shopping risk may actually increase online price dispersion. Results further suggest that even without any online sales, dual channel retailers should maintain their online presence for the purpose of information dissemination, which justifies the importance for pure offline retailer to incorporate webrooming strategies, where consumers can search for prices online but purchase offline.     

Conflicting attitudes and scepticism towards online shopping: the role of experience

Researchers typically study how levels of risk perception about online shopping affect whether and how consumers use the channel to buy products. In this paper, we propose to study how different types of attitudes towards online shopping are formed when consumers consider both the benefit and the risk of using the Internet to do their shopping. We consider the possibility that general types of attitudes are formed when consumers' perception of the risk and the benefit of using online shopping conflict. We pay particular attention to the concept of online shopping scepticism where consumers may fully realize the benefit of using the Internet to do their shopping, but also express a certain level of concern about the risk of using that channel. In the risk literature, researchers have shown that experience and increased exposure to a particular technology usually involves the accumulation of more and better knowledge that in turn may lead to a reduction in the perception of the risks involved. In this research, we also explore the role of experience in the context of consumers' intention to use online shopping. More specifically, we postulate that online shopping experience has a direct effect as well as an indirect effect on the intention to use online shopping. Experience with online shopping directly increases the consumer's intention to use the Internet to buy products but it also reduces the degree of scepticism and risk aversion, and that in turn, also increases the intention to use online shopping.     

The role of product brand image and online store image on perceived risks and online purchase intentions for apparel

Purchase intentions for apparel products often require physical examination prior to purchase. Hence, greater risk is associated with shopping online for apparel products, making it important to examine factors that reduce various risks influencing online purchase intentions. This study examines and compares the impact of two of the most important risk reducers for online apparel shopping – product brand image and online store image – on specific types of perceived risks and online purchase intentions for apparel. The results show that product brand image influences consumers' online purchase intentions both directly and indirectly by reducing various risk perceptions. Online store image impacts purchase intentions indirectly by decreasing risk perceptions. The results of this study provide fresh insight into understanding the impact of product brand image and online store image on each type of perceived risk associated with online shopping.     

面向网上零售商的交叉销售识别研究

有效利用网络消费者的信息,了解和预测他们的需求和偏好,从而实现客户满意和交叉销售,提高自己的竞争力,已经成为发展网上零售的一个重要切入点。本文根据网络消费者的基本信息、网上购买信息和网上行为信息等,建立了相应的交叉销售识别指标体系,希望对网上零售的发展有一定的借鉴意义。     

Driving Goal-Directed and Experiential Online Shopping

Goal-directed and experiential online shopping are two general categories of consumer behavior on the Internet. Internet stores promoting online transactions may face challenges regarding how to satisfy distinct online shoppers. This study develops a dual-state of cognitive and affective reactions to online services and flow experiences to predict goal-directed and experiential online consumer behavior. This survey mailed 300 questionnaires to a random sample of volunteers with substantial online shopping experience. Of these, 150 samples were returned for data analysis. Empirical results from the survey indicate that the dual-state of online services is more appropriate for assessing goal-directed purchase intentions than for examining the willingness to purchase experientially. In contrast, the dual-state of flow experiences is better at assessing goal-directed purchase intentions and the willingness to purchase experientially. Finally, this study features implications for academics and practitioners.