桑叶配方颗粒物质基准研究

桑叶配方颗粒迄今尚没有统一的质量标准。为提升桑叶配方颗粒的内在质量,对其物质基准评价方法进行了研究。选取具有代表性产地的15批桑叶制备物质基准,采用高效液相色谱法,以芦丁、异槲皮苷、紫云英苷作为评价指标,确定桑叶物质基准的出膏率范围、标志性成分含量及转移率范围,采用超高效液相色谱法,建立物质基准UPLC特征图谱,并对其主要成分进行指认。结果表明:15批物质基准中,芦丁转移率为19.94%～34.05%,异槲皮苷转移率为11.67%～43.58%,紫云英苷转移率为10.73%～43.05%;物质基准特征图谱中,标定了14个共有峰,指认出7个色谱峰,分别为新绿原酸、绿原酸、咖啡酸、芦丁、异槲皮苷、槲皮素-3-O-(6″-O-丙二酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷、紫云英苷。所建立的基准评价方法为桑叶配方颗粒质量标准的制定及其后续大规模生产提供了数据基础。     

就业弹性与主导产业的选择

目前,流行的公认的有关选择主导产业的依据是:生产率上升基准、需要收入弹性基准、关联度基准。笔者认为这三个基准是选择主导产业的必不可少的准则,但仅此而已是不够的。本文提出就业弹性基准,把它作为选择主导产业的尺度之一,并探讨我国各产业就业弹性与主导产业的选择问题。     

关于确定煤矿项目基准收益率的研究

近年来,国内煤炭市场在GDP高速增长、电力用煤和钢铁用煤等需求大幅增加的背景下出现了煤炭需求量增大、煤炭价格持续大幅上涨的趋势,使得煤矿项目大批量上马。然而,由于煤矿项目基准收益率一直没有一个确定的基准或范围,使得许多投资项目基准收益率确定的不够合理且差异较大．这直接关系到项目能否上马和能否正常预期运行等许多重要问题,     

污水水质含油量测定方法研究

污水水质检测一直使用标准SY/T 5329-94《碎屑岩油藏注水水质推荐指标及分析方法》,但由于该标准制定时间过长,随着科学技术的发展,检测手段的不断改进与完善,新的仪器设备投入使用,化验手段越来越先进,造成标准的滞后性,影响了测定结果的准确性。特别是含油量的测定过程中,很多描述不够精密,引起操作误差。从理论上阐述了标准的有关要求,从操作上明确了有关细节,从实验中确定了新仪器在标准中的适应性,使广大操作分析人员进一步明确测定的原理和方法,更好的做好化验分析工作。     

压裂酸化用起泡剂标准分析

针对起泡剂在压裂酸化液中使用量大,标准执行不统一,各级标准在测定方法和技术指标等方面存在显著差异等问题,开展了起泡剂现行7项产品标准和3项方法标准的适用性和差异性的分析研究。文章指出Ross-Miles法和高速搅拌法测定发泡体积的差异和可行性,起泡剂表面张力、发泡力、半衰期、热稳定性等指标的合理性,建议制修订压裂酸化用起泡剂通用技术要求。     

石油专用计量器具量值溯源系统初探

石油工业专用计量器具是石油行业勘探、开发中使用的计量器具。将石油专用计量器具的量值与不同等级的标准装置或标准物质的量值进行比较,直至国家计量基准或国际计量基准所复现的计量单位量值,这一过程称为石油专用计量器具量值的“溯源过程”。建立石油专用计量器具量值溯源系统,是为了使石油勘探开发专用计量器具所给出的量值准确和一致,以更有效地为油田勘探开发、生产建设提供科学的技术保证。     

战略管理与组织边界文献综述

在将近20年中,管理者一直通过一套新规则实施管理。公司必须具有适应性,以对竞争及市场变化作出反应。他们必须持续不断地通过基准问题来测试,以求得最佳业绩。他们还必须积极提高效率、培植核心竞争力,以抢在竞争对手之前。     

加强筑路机械设备管理

根据施工企业机械设备数量不足、老化严重、配套性差和技术性能落后等问题，分析和探讨解决的方法及措施。     

基于三维物质点法的河道动力学特性研究

文章采用新兴的三维物质点法对河道动力学特性进行模拟分析,避免了Eulerian法不易追踪物质边界、Lagrangian的网格会随着物质变形发生严重扭曲的问题,提出了失效模型的概念,来解决流固耦合问题,并针对红汀子河的实验数据,验证了三维物质点法在河道动力学研究中的适应性。此外,对于河道变形、泥沙演化问题也进行了深入探讨,为类似河道治理工作提供参考借鉴。     

我国城市社区卫生服务存在的问题与对策探讨

我国的城市社区卫生服务存在投入效率低、卫生人员素质低、服务功能不健全、与相关政策配套性差、分布不合理等问题.可通过合理分配卫生资源,提高财政投入利用率,建设高素质卫生服务人才队伍,规范"六位一体"服务功能,加强与相关政策结合度等方面来完善我国城市社区卫生服务.     

Supplier involvement in new product development in the food industry

Purchasing and supplier involvement as one possible explanatory factor of product development success has been gathering growing attention from both managers and researchers. This paper presents the results of a Dutch benchmark study into supplier involvement in product development, and discusses the topic more specifically in the context of the food industry. Regarding supplier involvement, this industry has not been studied intensively, although its specific characteristics make continuous development of new products imperative and the amount of outsourcing of production and development has increased substantially. The benchmark was conducted by means of an existing framework which has not yet been applied to the food industry. The food company in the benchmark study performs consistently better than companies from other industries. At the same time, the results of a similar case study carried out at a Scandinavian food company show contradictory results. By comparing the Dutch and the Scandinavian case, we illustrate that our analytical framework can explain these different results in terms of the underlying processes and pre-conditions, thereby validating its application to the food industry.     

品牌与善因的匹配对善因营销的影响研究

通过文献回顾分析了企业与善因的匹配对善因营销效果的影响,结果发现,这种匹配对善因营销效果的影响不仅与消费者感知的匹配程度有关,同时还取决于消费者感知到的匹配类型（形象匹配与功能性匹配）,以及许多调节变量（产品类型、购买情境、消费者对企业和善因的涉入及熟悉程度等）的影响。进而总结了目前研究的空白和不足,为未来的研究提出了建议。     

From Empowerment Dynamics to Team Adaptability: Exploring and Conceptualizing the Continuous Agile Team Innovation Process

To foster their innovation teams’ adaptability, organizations are increasingly relying on agile teams. While research on the adoption of agile methods and practices has grown tremendously in the past decade, little is currently known about the human side of agile teams and how it contributes toward the emergence of adaptability. While the Agile Manifesto states that individuals and interactions are more important for agile product development than tools and processes, research on how these interactions unfold is still in its infancy. To shed light on the human side of adaptability, 44 semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with team members and leaders from various teams at three organizations (i.e., two German and one multinational European firm). The inductive analysis identified empowerment as a focal human factor for adaptability emergence. A model of the continuous agile team innovation process is developed and uncovers the importance of dynamic empowerment states and their temporary equilibria for team adaptability. The underlying findings demonstrate that empowerment is not a static state, but rather emerges through the interactions between various actors. Specifically, the team and its leader engage in both empowerment-enhancing and empowerment-reducing activities. These activities are further influenced by the agile team’s immediate context: Two-fold customer influences, that is, supporting and hindering empowerment interactions, and the organizational environment, that is, undergoing an agile transformation and supportive top management behaviors, play an important role in affecting the empowerment dynamics that result in team adaptability. As such, this study contributes to the innovation and management literatures by revealing the dynamic role of the empowerment and adaptability constructs for agile innovation processes and the importance of various actors and the organizational environment for fostering adaptability. Practical insights are offered to management, teams, and team members on how to create conditions for empowerment dynamics and consequently adaptability to unfold.     

Dynamic Product Diversity

This paper examines the frequency of new product introductions in monopoly markets where demand is subject to temporary satiation. Consumers' taste for diversity is satisfied over time as new varieties are introduced to the market. If two varieties are introduced in consecutive periods then they become imperfect substitutes and the firm has an incentive to raise prices and sell each one to consumers with higher valuations (better preference matching). Higher frequency can also generate market expansion. However, under strong temporary satiation, better preference matching may dominate and the frequency of new product introductions may become socially excessive.     

产业链类型与产业链效率基准

在现代经济中，产业链控制策略已成为市场竞争的重要手段，相应的经济规制也是产业组织理论中的热点论题．但现有理论对于市场绩效及经济规制的研究是建立在单个市场效率基准的基础上的．因而严重削弱了其对经济现实的解释能力和政策指导意义。本文首先根据产品本身特性与技术条件对产业链类型进行划分，进而在此基础上建立起以产业链整体效率为对象的产业链效率评判基准。这将为基于产业链的市场竞争策略以及相应的经济规制的理论研究提供概念性基础。     

The Story Is As Good As the Real Thing: Early Customer Input on Product Applications of Radically New Technologies

Early customer input on applications that use radically new technologies is crucial for gaining an understanding of the benefits and value of these new technologies. Potential customers should have a clear understanding of a new technology application before they give their input on it. Prototypes provide a clear picture to the customer, but are seldom available in the early (predevelopment) stage. Therefore, a customer research technique that provides valuable input is needed. The aim of the study is to show that product narratives provide valuable input from customers in the predevelopment phase of a discontinuous new product development (NPD) process. This study compares a product narrative with a benchmark condition of a working prototype, a nonnarrative, and two conditions that have been added to make a comparison possible. Confirming this study's prediction, the analysis of variance results show that no differences are present between the narrative text with drawn images and a prototype demonstration on all dependent variables (i.e., evaluations of the product, interaction, ease of use, and aesthetics). Differences in customers' evaluations are only present when the narration is removed from the text with drawn images. Regression analysis confirms that narration is the key variable that predicts the evaluations of the product, interaction, ease of use, and aesthetics. The mediating role of narrative transportation provides explanation of these findings. Narrative transportation is a mixture of attention, imagery, and feelings that people experience when they watch a movie or read a narrative. According to narrative transportation theory, transported consumers immerse themselves in what they watch or read and have vivid images in their mind, see themselves in the scene of the action, experience emotions, and forget the world around them. This study shows that without narration, texts with drawn images are insufficiently vivid to transport the reader to enable him or her to imagine using the really new product, and consequently, provide evaluations similar to prototype evaluations. The narrative character of the utilized technology application presentation provides vivid imagery of the technology application, thereby compensating for a lack of realism. To conclude, an easy‐to‐apply product narrative successfully explains a technology application that uses a radically new technology to a customer before prototypes have been completed.     

加强标准制修订前期研究保证采标项目在国内的实用性和适用性

介绍了当前标准化的形势、采标现状和存在的问题,并结合全国天然气标准化技术委员会在采标工作中的实际问题,提出解决措施。指出,加强标准制修订前期研究,可以更好的消化吸收国际先进标准,在研究成果的基础上进行标准的制修订,将使制定的标准更具实用性和适用性。     

论企业产品标准水平的认定

从加强石油内、外部企业产品标准的管理与监督,提高石油企业生产用产品质量水平的角度,论述了开展企业产品标准水平认定的必要性和重要性.针对石油行业内、外部企业产品标准的管理现状,提出了进行企业产品标准水平认定方法.     

对制定产品标准中一些问题的探讨

针对在制定产品标准中存在的一些问题,提出产品标准已不仅是作为组织生产的依据,企业不必为他人制定产品标准;行业在制定特定型号的产品标准时应该谨慎行事;产品标准中净含量的标注不能一概而论等四个论点.并就其进行了论述和探讨.     

Alternative food-security indicators: revisiting the frequency and severity of `coping strategies'

Recent research on the multi-factorial nature of food security has provided a wealth of analytical insight, but measurement problems remain a major challenge, not only for research, but particularly for targeting, program management, monitoring and evaluation. Building on an approach suggested in a 1996 article, this paper constructs a series of alternative food-security indicators based on the frequency and severity of consumption-related coping strategies. These alternative indicators are then compared with more standard measures, including a consumption benchmark, a poverty benchmark and a nutritional benchmark using data from the 1997 Accra Urban Food and Nutrition Study. Against these more traditional indicators, the coping strategy indicators are best at ruling out cases—that is, minimizing the risk of classifying a food-insecure household as food-secure. They also help to identify sources of vulnerability and the trade-offs made with other basic needs to acquire sufficient food. The measures outlined here are much less time-consuming and less expensive in terms of data collection and analysis, and therefore perhaps offer a pragmatic alternative to food and livelihood program managers. However, the comparative analysis of conventional benchmarks with the coping strategies indicator reveals some shortcomings with the benchmark indicators as well—a sign that perhaps the indicators of food security proposed here are both alternative and complementary measures.