印度生物技术十年展望

生物技术在印度已经成为继信息技术后最热门的领域,受到各方面的关注。印度总统卡拉姆博士近日在印度工商联合会组织的国际生物技术会议“知识3000年———生物技术商机”的开幕式致词中说,印度需要制定一项国家生物技术政策,以充分发挥科技潜力,为发展经济服务。印度生物技术部组织国内和旅居国外的印度生物技术专家,对印度生物技术发展的总体目标、基本思路以及各个领域中的发展重点进行探讨,形成了印度生物技术十年发展规划———《印度生物技术十年展望》。其主要内容如下:总体发展目标占据生物技术研究领域新的制高点,使生物技术成为未…     

印度风险投资在培育创新型企业中的作用机制

近年来,印度经济发展迅速,年均GDP增长一直保持在6%以上,软件和生物技术等创新型企业的作用功不可没.同时,推动创新型企业发展的风险投资业也发挥了重要作用.本文试图通过介绍印度银行、证券以及风险投资市场的发展,反映印度风险投资对创新型企业发展所发挥的基础作用.     

印度科技新闻 6则

1.印度成为发展中国家的生物技术专家市场除信息技术方面的专家外,现在国际市场对印度生物技术方面的专家需求也急剧上升。目前,印度已和20几个国家在生物技术领域有合作项目,包括美国、英国、俄罗斯、瑞典等。现在更多的是那些起步较晚的发展中国家开始寻求与印度的合作,以期推动本国生物技术的发展。印度正准备帮助叙利亚进行生物技术领域的基础建设,包括建立一个研究中心和附属研究中心组成的网络。虽然有些细节尚未最终确定,但是在叙利亚高等教育部部长访印期间,双方已经达成了广泛共识。该官员称,叙利亚对借助印度生物技术领域的经验和…     

印度生物技术产业发展现状及前景

自上个世纪80年代开始，印度就对遗传工程、细胞融合、细胞培养、免疫学、蛋白质工程和发酵技术等生物技术在农业、畜牧业、卫生健康、工业、能源和环境等领域中表现出的巨大价值和潜力给予高度重视，并将生物技术作为国家科学技术发展的优先领域。据印度生物技术部专家预计，印度生物技术产品的销售量将从1999年的17．89亿美元增加到     

全球生物技术产业集群建设情况综述

随着生物技术在国际经济竞争中的作用日益上升,全球范围内生物技术和相关产业呈快速集群化发展的态势。如今美国、印度、欧洲、日本、中国等国家和地区都拥有较完善的生物技术产业链,集群布局合理,发展势头良好。各生物技术大国通过加强政府指导、加大资金投入、优化孵化环境等举措增加集群的竞争优势,为全球生物技术领域的产业化发展提供了参考和启示。     

美国生物技术行业投资态势分析

全球生物技术行业发展迅猛,美国作为其中的佼佼者,在风险投资的推动下,在现代生物技术行业融资上取得了成功。分析了美国生物技术行业的融资情况和近年来美国生物技术行业投资趋势,结合当前国内生物技术行业融资所面临的问题,提出了加快我国生物技术行业发展的建议。     

美国生物技术行业投资态势分析

全球生物技术行业发展迅猛,美国作为其中的佼佼者,在风险投资的推动下,在现代生物技术行业融资上取得了成功。分析了美国生物技术行业的融资情况和近年来美国生物技术行业投资趋势,结合当前国内生物技术行业融资所面临的问题,提出了加快我国生物技术行业发展的建议。     

印度生物技术发展现状

一、印度生物技术研究和开发现状印度政府对于生物技术的发展给予很特殊的地位,在财政开支上都独立于其它学科,因此,生物技术的研究与开发获得了迅速发展的机会。在目前国家一级的实验室中,作为国家     

印度知识外包产业的发展

2004年来，知识外包(KPO)成为印度科技和产业界的一个热门话题。近年来，在企业流程外包(BPO)产业快速发展的鼓舞下，政府部门和产业界提出了构建世界办公室和研发中心的发展目标，以促进信息技术和生物技术等相关知识服务业的发展。可以预期，KPO将进一步带动印度软件和生物技术产业，以及相关知识服务业的发展。     

美国、欧盟和日本生物技术产业政策研究

文章分析研究了美国、欧盟和日本的生物技术产业发展进程、所取得的成就,特别是三国为鼓励和推动其生物技术产业发展所制定和实施的产业政策。其研究可为我国政府制定相关产业发展政策提供借鉴和参考依据。     

印度后金融危机时期发展新兴产业的“势”与“术”

2008年金融危机爆发后,全球经济进入深度调整转型期。印度政府为保证其经济健康发展,加强国际竞争力,采取了有针对性的发展新兴产业的"势"(战略)与"术"(措施):制定了"包容性、可持续性增长"的发展战略,采取了强化信息和生物制药等优势产业、重点建设"短板"制造业、注重新能源和可再生能源发展、多渠道培养科技人才等措施。印度现为全球第三大制药国,生物技术产业是其支柱产业之一。印度将通过科技投入倍增计划,在2020年进入全球五大科技强国之列。印度经验启示我国,一定要健全法律法规体系,为新兴产业发展提供重要保障;发挥比较优势,持续打造重点新兴产业;多渠道吸引海外人才服务国内经济建设等。     

Targeting the biotechnology clusters in North Carolina and Israel: lessons from successful and unsuccessful policy making

This paper analyses the development of biotechnology clusters in North Carolina (NC) and Israel. In both NC and Israel, when the biotechnology was identified as a potential strategic priority, the framework conditions were suitable for successful policy-targeting. NC presents a case of a successful transition from a traditional manufacturing economy to a knowledge economy. The most successful part of this transition was a policy-led development of a biotechnology cluster in the Research Triangle. While Israel also presents a case of a successful transition from a low-tech economy to a knowledge-intensive economy, Israel failed to develop a successful biotechnology cluster. We suggest that this failure is mostly due to a failure to implement policy to encourage such development. We argue that the elements, which separate NC's success from Israel's failure, are: a clear vision and strategic planning; timely response, long-term commitment; strong leadership; cooperation between the government, private sector and academia, and an adjustable policy-making process.     

Are biotechnology and its clusters in crisis?

This paper asks whether biotechnology, in general, and the industry clusters of innovative biotechnology enterprises that have uniformly characterised its economic form, are now in a terminal crisis. Or are the difficulties that are clearly evident and described below surmountable and showing signs of being surmounted? The question of a crisis in biotechnology is important because so much faith has been placed in the technology over the past generation during which it has made great technical strides forward in medicine and other user communities (agro-food, energy, environment, security) and contributed significantly to healthcare and welfare gains while high hopes have long and justifiably been associated with its vibrant industry clusters. The paper postulates a crisis based on two key features of biotechnology. The first of these is an economic crisis in which enormous sums are required to research, develop and innovate new products, especially medical drugs. The second is epistemological and confronts the (reductionist) central dogma of biotechnology with the evolutionary implications of emergent systems biology.     

德国生物技术产业发展现状及其研发创新

生物技术是当前最具潜力和最富活力的科技领域之一。德国联邦政府认为,从传统化石能源时代向生物经济时代过渡是人类社会发展的必然趋势．未来生命科学和生物技术将更广泛地应用于农业、林业、渔业、畜牧业、食品、化工、制药、能源、环保和商贸服务等众多产业领域。知识生物经济将提高国家竞争力。2010年11月,德国联邦政府发布了《生物经济2030：国家研究战略》。包括德国在内的世界各国政府都高度重视推动本国生物技术研发创新和产业化发展。本文对德国生物技术产业发展最新情况进行了调研,并对其研发创新及其产业化发展的政策机制进行了总结分析。     

The Role of the Health System in Health Biotechnology in Developing Countries

This paper examines the role of local health systems in developing countries in health biotechnology innovation. The heath systems encompass the final users of health biotechnology products and services. In innovation studies in general, users have been identified as playing vital roles as sources for innovation and in shaping the innovation process. It is therefore of interest to cast light upon the role of users in the health biotechnology innovation in developing countries. This paper briefly reviews literature on science and technology based health innovation in both industrialised and developing countries. It then examines to what extent the focus of developing countries is on their local health problems and explores the linkages between the organisations involved in research and development of health biotechnology products and services with the local health system, and thereby identifies the main roles of their own health systems in the innovation process. The paper bases this analysis on research on publication patterns and case studies on leading developing countries in health biotechnology and focuses particularly on health biotechnology development in Brazil, Cuba and India.     

浅析印度的奶业合作社

印度是一个发展中国家,农业合作组织比较发达,尤其是印度的奶业合作社非常成功,发展很快,在印度农业经济活动中发挥着重要作用。因此文章拟就对印度奶业合作社的产生、迅速发展的原因、组织管理体系和运营机制等进行探讨。     

生物技术产业集群的动力机制及其演进——基于国外典型集群的多案例研究

在产业集群理论的总体框架下,本文以国外五个典型集群为研究对象,归纳了生物技术产业集群演化的关键动力要素,即科学研究、风险投资、传统大企业介入、政府支持、中介机构、市场需求、创新文化、相关产业支撑、龙头企业以及"龙头企业-专家型公司-科研机构"之间的良性互动。在此基础上,研究了要素的演进和集群发展的内在规律。最后,结合我国的实际情况,基于政府的视角得出若干促进我国生物园区发展的启示。     

Explaining the Generation and Performance of Intersector Technology Cooperation: A Survey of the Literature

Pharmaceutical companies are facing several major interrelated challenges, the most strategic being the decline in R&;D productivity resulting in empty product pipelines to replace products nearing patent expiry. A common response has been mergers and acquisition of competitors and biotechnology firms, but rather than resolving the problems, this has created new ones. While biotechnology promises to reshape the pharmaceutical industry, it too faces challenges: the industry as a whole is unprofitable and there is uncertainty regarding market acceptance of its products. This paper examines the current issues in the two industries, and describes a scenario process resulting in the development of a set of scenarios depicting four possible future paths along which the pharmaceutical industry may develop over the next 15 years.     

Alternate signs of life: The growth of biotechnology industries in Shanghai and Bangalore

This paper explores the emergence of biotechnology centers in Shanghai and Bangalore by comparing their development to best practices in the literature for biotechnology cluster growth and development. Interviews with over fifty biotech companies and related institutions in China and India indicate that these regions are developing alternate models of low cost manufacturing and services that build on the current local base of knowledge and expertise. The ability to convert research into successful commercial activity was identified in both regions. The strong research capacity, private sector funding, and entrepreneurial environment deemed critical best practices were limited. New growth theory is used to explain these alternate approaches to technological and social change.