区域经济中知识溢出的距离研究

近年来,知识溢出作为区域经济理论的重要概念之一,重新受到广泛的关注。溢出距离是影响区域知识溢出的重要因素,但仅用地理距离代表溢出距离是不够的,距离的概念可扩展为空间距离、社会距离和知识距离。本文通过分析各距离因素对知识溢出的影响作用提出引导企业对外开放、培育恰当企业文化以及增强自身学习能力的建议。     

企业集群中知识溢出的途径分析

在企业集群内部,知识溢出是集群内企业技术创新的关键要素之一,它可以为企业的技术创新提供强大动力。企业集群知识溢出途径主要有四种,分别是供应商与客户关系、正式或非正式的合作研发、企业间人才的流动以及创业和衍生企业。在进行企业集群组织和制度设计时,需要综合考虑影响知识溢出的因素,以提高企业集群中知识传播的效率,提高企业的技术创新速度和水平。     

产业集群知识溢出的复杂适应性研究

知识溢出改变了产业集群企业创新的知识环境,降低了企业的创新成本和风险,目前,知识溢出效应成为集群研究领域的前沿.文章阐述了知识溢出的内涵、分析框架,并根据复杂系统理论分析了知识溢出系统的适应性主体,总结出知识溢出的影响因素.     

企业知识溢出效应与产业集群竞争力分析

本文通过对产业集群的特点和企业知识的分析 ,探讨了知识溢出的途径 ,溢出效应对企业和产业集群的作用 ,指出产业集群内企业知识的溢出效应可以提高产业集群的竞争力。     

产业集群的知识溢出效应研究

本文通过分析产业集群的知识溢出途径,探讨了知识溢出效应对产业集群的作用,指出产业集群的知识溢出效应提升了企业及集群创新能力和竞争力。     

中小企业集群知识溢出的影响因素分析

在企业集群内部,企业之间的知识溢出在提高企业整体科技和管理水平、信息共享、员工素质等方面起到了重要作用,极大地提升了企业的核心竞争力。本文在对前人研究进行综述的基础上,结合Teece的企业网络知识流动和学习的影响因素模型,对影响中小企业集群内部知识溢出的因素进行了分析,并提出相应的政策建议。     

产业集群内知识溢出对集群企业技术创新的影响研究

很多学者从知识溢出效应研究产业集群创新问题,而基于溢出途径的角度分析产业集群内知识溢出对集群企业技术创新的影响对提升集群创新能力与水平具有更现实的意义。本文正是基于此角度,通过建立关系模型,提出了知识溢出对集群企业技术创新影响的相应假设。     

产业集群理论综述及其发展路径研究

本文从经济学、经济地理学、管理学和社会学等四个学科领域对集群理论进行了系统综述,认为个体经济主体由于交易费用的节省及自身资源和优势,形成了单个企业,单个企业在生产、技术、市场和文化等因素的作用和诱惑下加强外部联结,形成集群现象。集群现象形成以后,由于企业之间不断的专业化分工产生报酬递增的正反馈过程,加上产业转移、市场吸引和政府行为等因素的影响,使企业在某个具体区域产生集聚,形成产业区。产业区在地理空间、经济空间和社会空间的支撑下进一步发展成新产业区。在地理空间的进一步扩张中,各种因素共同作用产生极化效应,集群组织得到进一步发展。     

知识溢出基础上的产业集聚与区域竞争力

本文着重分析产业集聚与区域竞争力在知识溢出基础上的互动机制,得出提升区域竞争力应建立优势产业集群,有效利用知识溢出,培养和提高知识创新能力,促进集群的升级,从而形成创新型区域。     

知识溢出效应对产业集群技术创新能力的影响

产业集群内的知识溢出是相互的,知识溢出的程度主要取决于知识本身的性质。知识溢出对产业集群技术创新的影响是双重的,既有积极的推动作用,也有消极的影响,知识溢出对集群内部成员企业技术创新行为的激励是有条件的。对产业集群内部的知识溢出应给予创新者适当的补偿而不应完全抑制。     

The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship

According to the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship, the context in which decision-making is derived can influence one’s determination to become an entrepreneur. In particular, a context that is rich in knowledge generates entrepreneurial opportunities from those ideas. By commercializing ideas that evolved from an incumbent organization via the creation of a new firm, the entrepreneur (human capital) not only serves as a conduit for the spillover of knowledge, but also for the ensuing innovative activity and enhanced economic performance through resource allocation. The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship brings together contemporary theories and thoughts of entrepreneurship with prevailing theories of economic growth, geography, and strategy and therefore explains not just why some people choose to become an entrepreneur, but also why this matters significantly for the economy and society.     

知识溢出与中国FDI地区分布的非均衡增长

改革开放以来,外商在中国直接投资地区非均衡增长现象由来已久。已有的研究表明,这种现象的产生与区域的地理位置、投资环境等因素密切相关。文章在企业学习能力与区域创新理论的基础上构建知识溢出与FDI增长的关系。研究表明,知识溢出的学习能力及区域创新能力是影响FDI地区分布非均衡增长的重要因素,并在此基础上提出了中西部地区应着力提高自身经济水平与自主创新能力,注重区域间溢出效应等政策与建议。     

区际知识溢出不对称、产业区位与内生经济增长

本文在空间经济学相关模型的基础上加以拓展,分析区际知识溢出不对称对产业区位及长期经济增长率的影响机制。不同区域知识资本存量、吸收能力不同,使区际知识溢出呈现不对称特征,直接影响区域新资本创造成本,引致长期经济增长率出现差异。区域本身知识积累存在溢出效应,而且可以获取区外的知识溢出。空间因素在知识创造与知识溢出过程中具有重要作用。知识溢出效应的强度随距离衰减,对于毗邻区域,越是邻近知识创造中心的区域,获得的知识溢出效应就越强,但同时还受到自身吸收能力的制约。对于知识资本禀赋不具优势的区域来说,增强自身对区际知识溢出的吸收能力、充分开展与创新中心的合作,将会提高经济增长率,进入循环累积的正反馈过程。     

Geographical FDI knowledge spillover and innovation of indigenous firms in China

In recent decades, theoretical debate on firm innovation has considered particular forms of spatial clustering and foreign direct investment as almost mutually exclusive drivers. While cluster literature pays less attention to firm heterogeneity in ownership structure, FDI literature ignores the importance of geographical dimension in spillover effects. This study combines these two lines of theoretical inquiry to investigate regional FDI knowledge spillover effects on product innovation of China's indigenous electronic firms. It is found that localized innovative-related activities of foreign-invested firms significantly facilitate product innovation of domestic firms. However, FDI horizontal spillover is more important than vertical spillover and cross-sector rather than intra-sector knowledge is significant for indigenous innovation. FDI spillover effects can be reinforced by local innovative activities of domestic firms. This study highlights the significance of geographical proximity and relatively heterogeneous knowledge in FDI spillover effects on domestic innovation but questions the mutual trust relationship between foreign and domestic firms in a cluster.     

The effects of sovereign credit rating spillovers on neighbouring countries’ financial markets

This study investigates the spillover effects of long-term foreign currency sovereign credit rating announcements on foreign currency-denominated bonds and stock markets in 19 African countries during the period of 1994–2014. Using a combination of Granger causality tests and impulse response function, the results show that there is marginal regional sovereign rating spillover impacts that are quickly absorbed into capital markets trading long-term securities. The analysis further shows marginal spillover effects that persist over longer time periods in sovereign ratings of other countries in the same region from a sovereign rating change in one country. These results imply that the regional bilateral linkages between countries serve as channels of capital and sovereign credit rating information flow. Thus, it is imperative for regional countries to pursue prudent developmental macroeconomic policies to avoid negative ratings that will have regional spillover effects.     

Spatial divisions of expertise: Knowledge intensive business service firms and regional development in Norway

This article explores the regional geography of professional, information and intellectual services in Norway. Norway is used as one way of critiquing the global cities literature by exploring the multiple ways in which knowledge intensive services are created and consumed outside global cities. Norway's regional geography of knowledge services is one of concentration and dispersal; both processes are explained by the ways in which clients access external expertise. An evolving spatial division of expertise is identified based on the ways in which service suppliers and consumers access and combine expertise that is available in different locations. Part of this evolving spatial division of expertise is illustrated in the ways in which large European providers of consultancy expertise have displaced American providers from Norway's top ten ranking of consultancy providers. The paper identifies a series of fundamental changes that are taking place in the consultancy industry that affect the ways in which consultancy is provided to the Norwegian market.     

外商直接投资的知识溢出实证分析

外商直接投资传递知识的主要途经是通过知识溢出,本文研究了知识溢出效应,对FDI影响因素进行了实证分析,最后总结了应采取的对策和建议。     

FDI与生产率增长不确定性:国外研究进展

理论研究认为国际贸易和FDI可以通过示范/模仿、劳动力流动、出口、竞争,以及MNEs与东道国企业之间前向和后向关联等五种渠道产生生产率外溢效应,而技术差距及东道国吸收能力、区域效应、东道国企业特征、FDI特性和经济发展水平等又是影响是否有外溢效应及效应大小的几类典型因素。问题是在这些渠道中发挥作用的因素及因素之间的影响方向此消彼长,使得总体效应具有明显地不确定性,理论模型也因此从一般均衡分析向局部均衡分析发展,但一般性外溢机制仍然是未解之谜。因此,更加微观的行业、地区分析和实证检验或许才是未来的方向。     

中国省域物流业绿色全要素生产率的演进及溢出

本文运用包含非期望产出的SBM—ML模型对全国30省2004—2016年的物流业绿色全要素生产率进行测度,通过核密度估计和马尔科夫链探讨其时空演进特征,并借助空间面板计量模型分析物流业绿色全要素生产率的影响因素和空间溢出效应。结果表明:物流业绿色全要素生产率具有显著的动态演进规律,省域间物流发展协调度有待提高;物流业绿色全要素生产率存在显著的正空间自相关特征,表现为生产率较高的省份趋于相邻,生产率较低的省份趋于相邻;物流业绿色全要素生产率的主要驱动因素包括交通网络密度、物流能源强度、交通运输强度和人均GDP,各影响因素具有显著的空间溢出效应,其中市场化进程的正向溢出效应最高,对外开放程度和地区产业结构的溢出效应为负。     

An absorptive capacity theory of knowledge spillover entrepreneurship

The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship identifies new knowledge as a source of entrepreneurial opportunities, and suggests that entrepreneurs play an important role in commercializing new knowledge developed in large incumbent firms or research institutions. This paper argues that, knowledge spillover entrepreneurship depends not only on new knowledge but more importantly on entrepreneurial absorptive capacity that allows entrepreneurs to understand new knowledge, recognize its value, and commercialize it by creating a firm. This absorptive capacity theory of knowledge spillover entrepreneurship is tested using data based on U.S. metropolitan areas.