Markets,governance, and university priorities: Evidence on undergraduate education and research

I investigate the effects of differences in market context and governance arrangements on undergraduate education and separately budgeted research at both public and private universities. Public universities faced with little competition and universities that rely heavily on government subsidies relative to tuition tend to have larger undergraduate enrollments, fewer small classes, lower graduation rates, and are more likely to engage in separately budgeted research than universities with the opposite characteristics. In addition, Catholic universities offer fewer small classes but have higher graduation rates than independent private universities, while other church-affiliated universities spend less on separately budgeted research.Submitted: 23 July 2001, Accepted: 29 July 2002, JEL Classification: I22, I28, L30Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL, April 22, 2001, and the research conference on Its Better to Rely on Well-designed Institutions than on Well-behaved People, at the University of California, Los Angeles, May 18-19, 2001. I thank Dennis Coates, David Epstein, Susanne Lohmann, Robert Pahre, and Matthew Potoski for helpful comments.     

Fundraising as organisational knowing in practice: Evidence from the arts and higher education in the UK

This paper argues for the centrality of organisational practices in occupational learning with a case study of fundraising in the non-profit UK's arts and higher education sectors. Despite the need to increase charitable giving to non-profit organisations, little is known about the work, fundraisers must do in order to carry out their jobs. We argue that fundraisers develop strategic understandings and competences within organisational environments, which they put into practice in their relationships with stakeholders within and outside the organisations where they work. Our findings suggest that one of the main ways in which fundraisers learn is by negotiating and surmounting obstacles both internally, within their organisational environments and externally, around the perception of fundraising as a profession. We thus argue for the importance of establishing a “fundraising culture” within organisational environments; a shared organisational competence where fundraising is practiced as a legitimate and strategic type of practice.     

The external returns to education: Evidence from Chinese cities

Following Rauch's seminal study, there has been a growing interest among economists in estimating human capital externalities at the individual level [J. Rauch, Productivity gains from geographic concentration of human capital: Evidence from the cities, Journal of Urban Economics 34 (1993) 380–400]. In this paper, we provide a first set of estimates of the external returns to education in Chinese cities. We find that the external returns are at least as high as the private returns to education. OLS estimates of the external returns range from a low of 4.9% to a high of 6.7%. Two-stage least squares estimates indicate that a one-year increase in city average education could increase individual earnings by between 11 and 13%. We also examine the impact of economic reforms on the external returns to education and find suggestive evidence that economic reforms have raised the external returns to education in Chinese cities.     

从数学的文化价值探讨高等数学教育

文章从数学文化价值的角度出发,结合我国高等数学教育的实际,探讨了两者间的关系。     

浅谈高等职业教育的发展

文章介绍了我国高职教育的特点和发展概况,分析了高职院校的生源特点,并有针对性地提出了因材施教的方法。     

The impact of economic uncertainty on the decision of fertility: Evidence from Taiwan

Economic uncertainty has only recently begun to appear in research on the determinants of fertility. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate how economic uncertainty affects the fertility rate in Taiwan. Official county-level panel data from 1998 to 2016 for 20 counties are utilized in DIFF-GMM and SYS-GMM models in dynamic panel regression estimation. The major finding of this study is that higher volatility of household disposable income will reduce the fertility rate. The empirical results support the proposition that economic uncertainty might be an important determinant of fertility decisions, explaining the decline in fertility in Taiwan.     

高等教育改革下教师与学生的互动发展研究

高等教育对经济社会发展具有支撑、保障和引导作用,高等教育改革下的教师与学生互动发展一直是研究的热点。为全面反映教师与学生互动发展关系,文章分析了教师与学生互动发展的特征、层次和指标,从物理和管理两个方面来构建教师与学生互动发展指标体系,为决策提供参考。     

The Effect of Market Quality on the Causality between Returns and Volatilities: Evidence from CSI 300 Index Futures

This paper investigates the impact of market quality on volatility asymmetry of CSI 300 index futures by using short- and long-run causality measures proposed by Dufour et al. (2012). We use a high-frequency-based noise variance estimator as the comprehensive proxy for market quality and find that volatility asymmetry is closely related to market quality. Specifically, in the period of poor market quality, the volatility asymmetry will vanish or even be reversed, which is mainly due to the sharp decline of the leverage effects. Moreover, the volatility feedback effect will be enhanced while the leverage effect will be weakened if the noise variance is taken into consideration in the causal analysis. Finally, we use other market quality indices as auxiliary variables in the robustness analysis and get similar results.     

高等学校教育成本的影响因素分析

本文从高等学校的自身特征、宏观环境和微观环境等方面,对高等学校教育成本的影响因素进行了分析,并指出高等学校教育成本持续上升是社会发展的必然趋势。     

高职教育考试考核方式改革探讨

考试是检验教师授课水平和学生学习成绩的重要手段,在整个教学环节中具有举足轻重的地位和旗帜鲜明的导向作用。本文以北京经济管理职业学院为例,结合高职教育的培养目标和人才培养特点,分析了现行考试考核方式存在的主要问题,在此基础上,试图构建一套科学客观的评价体系。     

“技能型创新人才”的主要特征对高职教育教学改革的启示

培养"技能型创新人才"是高职教育教学改革的目标指向。"技能型创新人才"首先是在技能型人才基础上成长起来的,所以与其他类型人才相比,突出强调的是技能,这是"技能型创新人才"的本质属性;而与传统技能型人才相比,"技能型创新人才"在知识经济背景下应运而生,突出强调的是理论技术和智力技能,丰富和完善了传统技能型人才的内涵,主要表现出现代技术型人才特征。这使高职教育教学改革得到启示。     

高职电子类专业实践教学体系的探索与实践

针对高职院校电子类专业综合实训的特点和要求,作者设计开发了一套融合多项技术、多个学科、综合性强的LED显示屏综合实训系统。在此基础上,构建以实际产品的设计制作为导向,以培养学生实践能力为目标,具有能力模块化、训练系统化的实践教学体系,让学生在实战当中提高实践动手能力、技术的综合应用能力、分析问题和解决问题的能力、创新能力及职业素养。     

成人高等职业教育校企办学模式的探索

在社会主义市场经济体制下,职业教育培训体制和发展模式都发生了很大变化。成人高等职业教育的发展趋势也应顺应时代发展的要求,走校企合作的办学模式,这是办好成人高等教育必须遵守的经济法则和为地方经济服务的必由之路。     

Stock prices and the location of trade: Evidence from China-backed ADRs

This study examines whether the trading location affects equity returns of China-backed American Depository Receipts (ADRs) traded in the US. If International Financial Markets are integrated, stock prices should be affected only by their fundamentals; otherwise, stock prices may also be affected by their trading locations/investor sentiment. We find that China ADRs’ returns are affected more by the US market fluctuations than by Chinese market returns. We interpret the results as suggesting that International Financial Markets are at least partially segmented and country-specific investor sentiment affects stock prices.     

The impact of monetary policy on stock market bubbles and trading behavior: Evidence from the lab

We investigate the effect of monetary policy on stock market bubbles and trading behavior in experimental asset markets. We introduce the possibility of investing in interest bearing bonds to the widely used laboratory asset market design of Smith et al. (1988). Treatment groups face a variable interest rate policy which depends on asset prices, while control groups are subjected to a constant interest rate. We observe a strong impact of our interest rate policy on liquidity in the stock market but only a small impact on bubbles. However, we find that announcing the possibility of reserve requirements significantly reduces bubbles.     

The policy mix in the US and EMU: Evidence from a SVAR analysis

We use a SVAR approach to the effects of fiscal and monetary policies, as well as their interactions (policy mix) for the US and the Euro Area (EMU). Overall, our results show that these two cases are different from each other. First, while in the case of the US there is evidence of Keynesian monetary policy, the same is not true in the case of the EMU. Second, considering the effects of the global economic and financial crisis, there is evidence of non-Keynesian fiscal policy in the case of the EMU (expansionary fiscal consolidation), while it does not hold in the case of the US. Third, there is evidence supporting the traditional inverse relationship between monetary policy interest rates and inflation in the case of the US, whereas in the case of the EMU there is a price puzzle (frequent in SVAR studies). Fourth, the baseline model seems to be robust in the case of the US, when considering the effects of the economic and financial crisis 2007–2009, while the opposite holds in the case of the EMU. However, in both cases, the policies seem to act as complements. Another similarity appears when analysing the relationship between public spending and taxation, where there is evidence supporting a fiscal retrenchment.     

The effects of employee stock ownership on stock liquidity: Evidence from the Korean market

This study investigates the relationship between the level of employee stock ownership (ESO) and stock liquidity. Using Korean ESO data, we find that ESO is positively associated with various liquidity measures. Stock-owning employees tend to mitigate information asymmetry to increase their benefits from the transparent market. We also find stronger effects when the firm is not an affiliate of a chaebol family group, and is less monitored by financial analysts, foreign investors, and outside directors. Furthermore, we employ various robustness tests to mitigate potential endogeneity concerns.     

The effects of high-speed rail on accessibility and equity: Evidence from the Turin-Lyon case-study

According to EU directives, cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is adopted to assess the impacts of high-speed rail (HSR). CBA evaluates the effectiveness of such infrastructure, determining whether and to what extent the present benefits overcome the present opportunity costs. However, it fails to include equity issues, which are the key aspects of transport planning. After a general discussion of equity in HSR and its link with the concept of accessibility, this study describes some complementary methods to calculate the variation in equity. Four of them (i.e. the potential accessibility index, spatial rail equity index, Gini index, and coefficient of variation) were adopted to assess the equity impacts for the Italian municipalities along the Turin-Lyon HSR. The results of the analysis reveal that despite a generalised increase in overall accessibility, equity implications are more contradictory, with main localities gaining further benefits compared to medium- and small-sized municipalities. In particular, the latter register a further increase in peripheralization. However, since they account for 36% of the total surface but represent only approximately 1% of the total population, the overall balance for the population served by the infrastructure may be considered positive. These results are particularly useful in contexts where the acceptance of HSR is weak, as they allow policymakers to identify adequate compensation measures to reduce the gap and increase territorial cohesion.     

基于职业能力培养的高职《财务管理》课程教学设计构想

高职《财务管理》课程的教学设计,应在明确课程定位和教学目标的基础上,以企业财务管理工作过程为主线,以真实的工作任务为载体,形成学习情境,序化为教学内容,紧紧围绕学生全面职业能力培养的教学目标,综合运用多种教学方法,设计以学生为中心的课堂教学模式。     

北京市现代职业教育体系建设中的纵向衔接问题研究

构建纵向衔接与横向沟通的现代职业教育体系是国家职业教育发展的一项重大战略决策。纵向衔接是建设现代职业教育体系的基础,是搭建不同类型教育与培训“立交桥”的前提。基于北京市现代职业教育体系建设中纵向衔接问题的调查与分析,提出了要以培养学生职业能力为主线,以专业衔接为依托,以课程体系建设为手段,加强现代职业教育体系建设中的纵向衔接。