市镇与乡村的关系研究

界定了市镇的狭义和广义概念,从广义上对中国的市镇体系进行了梳理,并从功能、聚居等方面研究了市镇和乡村的关系。市镇和乡村是一个完整而不可分割的共同体,既有明确的分工,又在生产和生活上保持了密切的内在联系。完全割裂地看待市镇和乡村,不利于村镇建设的发展。进行村镇建设不仅要因地制宜,更要发展现代农业,在地缘与亲缘的传统聚居状况下,改变小农经济的局限,发挥规模经济的效应,使局限于落后生产方式的散落村庄能够形成一定的规模,从而更好地改变乡村的村容村貌等实际问题。     

近代江南市镇的空间分布——以1930年代吴县市镇为中心

美国历史学家施坚雅提出“施坚雅模式”是从市场结构角度对中国集市和区域体系研究提出的一种新的分析模式。近代江南市镇分布最初多受自然、地理环境和经济结构的影响,但随着市镇经济的不断繁荣。市场因素对市镇分布的影响越来越大。吴县地区的市镇经由点到面的发展,最终形成一个比较成熟的市镇网络体系,其分布在某些方面与施坚雅模式存在一定的吻合。     

日本的市镇合并及其问题

自1990年代以来,为适应城市化的要求,在政府各种措施的推动下,日本兴起了一轮市镇合并浪潮。尽管这轮合并存在一些问题,但是总体而言进展顺利,符合社会经济发展的需要。通过分析日本市镇合并的过程及存在的问题,以期为更好地解决中国城市化过程中出现的一系列问题起到借鉴作用。     

东大名路上老仓库

东大名路在虹口区南部偏东，西起溧阳路大名路桥，东至惠民路，全长1．66公里。该路历史久远，约在19世纪50年代形成，是美租界最早的马路之一。因美国市镇中较宽阔的道路，都称路名为“百老汇”（Brood Way），故也称此路为“百老汇路”，1943年改为现名。     

箴言

"三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮",这就是说,群众有伟大的创造力。中国人民中间,实在有成千成万的"诸葛亮",每个乡村,每个市镇,都有那里的"诸葛亮"。——毛泽东有些同志以为天下是我们打下的,一切要服从我们。这是非常错误的。实际上群众不一定会服从你。领导不是自封的,要看群众承认不承认,批准不批准。——邓小平     

湖口高腔歌板入云 青阳古韵余音绕梁

湖口县位于鄱阳湖流经长汀的入口处，“上通楚北，下达皖南，乃三江之门户，七省之通衢”，自古商贾辐辏，是歌舞、戏曲兴旺昌盛之地。明代，江西的手工业全面繁荣，茶业、造纸业和陶瓷业得到恢复与发展，市镇发达，商贸活跃，尤其朝廷实行海禁，赣江——鄱阳湖航道货物与商客流量更是日趋增多。     

从马路经济到以路引城

农村地区的公路结构深刻地影响着市镇的形态.在分析马路经济成因的基础上,提出以路引城的规划理念:通过预先设计好路的形态,以路网结构来培育城镇,充分发挥路网在城镇空间布局中的引导作用.     

新加坡：一切尽在规划

4月26日，新加坡最大的地产公司之一嘉德置地集团全面投资北京，他们在亚奥区域的新盘上元雅苑即将向公众推出，在此之前，北京一行十个媒体记参观访问了新加坡。在新加坡短短的几天时间里，有一句话不停地响在我的耳边——“规划为王”，只有高效的政府才有可能将纸面上的蓝图打造成现实。     

基于抗战防空疏散的近代重庆城市发展

在抗日战争全面爆发后,出于安全需要,以战时首都重庆为主的后方城市开始了向乡村疏散的"自救"过程。在疏散的同时,乡村也迎来特殊的建设机遇。几年下来,疏散促使重庆城区范围不断扩大,乡村开始了城市化的发展。疏散过程中形成的新的聚集点,成为战后规划卫星市镇的首选,奠定了今天重庆主城区的城市格局。     

瑞典的基层选举

瑞典是个君主立宪制的国家,中央和地方无领导和被领导关系。在瑞典,市镇是基本的层级,省是辅助性的层级,主要承担市镇无力承担的社区职能(主要是医疗)。市镇议会是独立的法人实体,是市镇的权力机关,每4年选举一次。市镇议会实行议行合一,由市镇议会任命一个主要的执行委员会,作为议会运作的最主要主持机构。市镇议会的席位数量由市镇议会确定,一般由31-101人组成。选举机构 选举机构是保证选举工作有组织、有计划、有步骤进行的组织载     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.