企业文化与竞争战略关系探究

<正>在《竞争战略》一书中,迈克尔·波特提出了应对五种竞争作用力的三种基本的竞争战略即总成本领先、标歧立异战略、目标集聚战略。并分析了这三种基本竞争战略所需要的基本技能和资源以及基本的组织要求,同时也提出了不同的竞争战略也需要体现为不同的企业文化,但并未对企业文化的作用及三种基本竞争战略对企业文化的要求详细说明。本文从这一角度进行分析以完善波特的竞争战略理论。     

论顾客忠诚与我国大中型百货商场营销战略选择

随着我国零售业竞争的加剧和针对近几年来我国大中型百货商场效益滑坡的现实,以及从顾客忠诚的角度出发,心须把顾客忠诚理论与我国商场的现实问题结合起来,进而提出我国大中型百货商场较为可行的营销战略选择。     

谈企业的产品差异化战略

创造产品的差异性是企业的基本竞争战略之一。企业控制市场的程度取决于他们使自己的产品差异化的成功程度。通过实例分析,论述了企业如何通过产品差异化战略,形成竞争优势,使企业得以发展壮大。     

沃尔玛的竞争战略分析

沃尔玛连续50年超常规发展,每隔10年上一级台阶,稳坐零售业第一把交椅,其低价策略、供应链策略、会员制策略等市场竞争战略和效率非常值得借鉴。沃尔玛市场竞争战略的核心是成本领先。     

差异化和成本领先的融合探析

本文结合现实中一些企业的具体实践,从理论上提出了实施融合战略的具体措施。     

成本领先战略与企业的竞争优势分析

本文通过分析成本领先战略的实现途径并且通过阿尔迪案例说明及相关理论分析得出成本领先战略有利于企业保持竞争优势,并在长时间内更适合中国企业。同时指出成本领先并非简单的节省开支而是要从战略上规划通过系统管理来实施,分析如何保持成本领先战略的竞争优势。     

新贸易理论对我国外贸战略的启示

国际贸易理论是开展国际贸易活动的指导,同时不断发展的国际贸易实践要求国际贸易理论必须同时不断发展。国际贸易理论大致经历了三个发展阶段。20世纪80年代以来针对国际贸易领域出现的新现象,经济学家提出了"新贸易理论"。在新贸易理论形势下我国的贸易政策应重视培育和转化国家竞争优势,发挥政府作用,扩大国内市场;通过创新实现我国外贸结构转型升级;提高外贸竞争力,制定保护政策,培养竞争优势;实现从贸易大国向贸易强国的转化。     

中美产业内贸易研究

本文对中美工业制成品产业内贸易的发展及特征进行了实证研究,发现中美双边贸易中工业制成品产业内贸易所占比重有所提高,其中,机械和运输设备产业内贸易所占比重最高;垂直产业内贸易是中美产业内贸易的主要形式;市场容量扩大、跨国公司价值链管理的需要以及一体化生产体系的构筑均有利于促进双边产业内贸易的发展,中国关税税率的大幅削减对产业内贸易发展的促进作用并不明显,规模经济和贸易障碍对其则尚存消极影响。     

中国企业跨国并购中的竞争情报保障研究

从竞争情报的角度分析了中国企业跨国并购中的成败得失，挖掘跨国并购行为中的情报需求，弄清竞争情报该如何为跨国并购行为发挥应有的保障作用．让中国企业成功实现“走出去”的目标。     

An Exploration of Opportunities for the Growth of the Fair Trade Market: Three Cases of Craft Organisations

Businesses that maintain ethical standards have an advantage in the marketplace based on the increasing interest of consumers in products that have a social and ethical component. Fair trade organisations that adopt environmental, social and ethical principles in trading are in a good position to make the most of this growing interest in the market. However, it is unclear whether fair trade organisations are taking full advantage of emerging market opportunities for ethically traded products. This research explores this issue by describing the business strategies of three fair trade organisations that import and sell craft goods into Western countries and evaluates them in the context of this growing market. The research findings indicate that in order to remain in business, fair trade craft organisations have had to adopt better business practices in recent years, improving quality, customer service and product offerings to customers. However, growth appears to be limited, as distribution remains focused on a small, niche market. This paper explores the distribution strategies of two fair trade commodity organisations that are successfully reaching a wider customer base, demonstrating that fair trade products have a unique selling advantage in the mainstream marketplace. In conclusion, fair trade craft organisations are not exploiting this market opportunity to the degree they should and will need to explore wider distribution and alternative business strategies to expand their market share.Debora Randall completed her Masters of Management at Massey University, in Auckland, New Zealand. She is currently using her interests in business and community development to work towards practical economic solutions to poverty. She is living in Vancouver, Canada where she is working on a number of community economic development initiatives.     

征收生态税:进出口贸易增长与生态危机条件下的选择

改革开放二十多年来，中国贸易在取得长足发展的同时也带来了严重的环境污染，一般认为可以通过贸易管制和征收生态税的方法解决。文章通过对这两种方法进行经济学比较后指出，解决环境问题的最佳途径是征收生态税，使环境成本内在化。     

International Franchising Decision-Making: A Model for Country Choice

The present study examines how a number of market conditions may drive diffusion of franchising. It considers a sample of 63 Spanish franchisors operating through 2321 franchisee outlets across 20 different Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, and Venezuela in January 2011. Results conclude that geographical and cultural distance between the host and home country, as well as the level of the host country's uncertainty avoidance, individualism, political stability, unemployment rate, market potential, and efficiency of contract enforcement, may drive the spread of international franchising. Results reinforce previous research on country choice as to the association between international franchising and the host country's unemployment rate and cultural distance, but also identify differences from other regions in some issues such as political stability. Moreover, new insights relative to the effect of market potential, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and the efficiency of contract enforcement on international franchise diffusion are also shown.     

经济全球化条件下的全球价值链理论研究

经济全球化的深化促进了生产的全球离散化和区域集聚化倾向。而全球价值链(GVC)这种新的生产和贸易组织方式把片段化的生产集聚区域联结成为一个有机整体,进一步强化了全球贸易一体化倾向。本文从全球价值链的研究背景、概念形成、研究方法及主要研究内容等方面,对全球价值链理论这一产业与贸易研究的新范式进行了综述。然后,对全球价值链理论需进一步研究的问题及其对我国企业与产业集群嵌入全球价值链实现产业升级方面的启示进行了探讨。     

Achieving Competitive Advantage Through the Application of Open Systems Theory and the Development of Strategic Alliances: A Guide for Managers of Nonprofit Organizations

ABSTRACT

To effectively compete in today's competitive business environment, nonprofit organizations need to operate as open systems developing strategic alliances with key actors. To help managers of nonprofit organizations develop such relationships, open systems theory is explained, the phrase “strategic alliances” is defined, and a system of alliances is presented as a tool for identifying and analyzing potential relationships.     

WTO争端解决机制在“贸易与环境”问题上的裁量标准——对“中国—原材料出口限制案”的思考

WTO争端解决机制在处理与环境问题有关的贸易争端方面已具备一定经验,但近年来,国际环境情势的变迁,使这一机制不得不考虑其作为人类事务逻辑链上一环的作用,认真审度"贸易与环境"问题的裁量标准,"中国—原材料出口限制案"或是一次挑战性的尝试。本案中,该机制既要依循WTO规则保障申诉方的贸易权益,也要考虑被诉方国内环境政策的目标和价值,为此,须着力解决好一些左右其裁量标准、进而影响其裁决结果的根本性问题。