Cross-Weight Evaluation for Pairwise Comparison Matrices

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology has recently been applied to weight derivation in the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). This paper proposes a cross-weight evaluation technique, which is similar to the cross-efficiency evaluation in DEA, for priority determination in the AHP. The cross-weight evaluation produces true weights for perfectly consistent pairwise comparison matrices and logical weights for inconsistent pairwise comparison matrices. Numerical examples are examined to illustrate the advantages and potential applications of the cross-weight evaluation in priority determination in the AHP.     

‘Gone to Gowings’ - An Analysis of Success Factors in Retail Longevity: Gowings of Sydney

Low productivity within service industries has been a major concern, but this situation is unlikely to improve without a general change in the way productivity is measured and managed. This paper aims to illustrate the value of stepwise data envelopment analysis (DEA) for measuring and benchmarking productivity. The issues and problems regarding productivity measurement as well as the advantages of using DEA in productivity measurement are analysed. The article extends current DEA applications by developing a stepwise approach to DEA. The latter technique combines correlation and DEA analysis for developing robust models and sound productivity measurement. The advantages of the proposed methodology are illustrated by applying it to a dataset of three-star hotels in the UK. Six inputs and three outputs are identified as the factors affecting rooms division efficiency in three star hotels.     

Measuring the financial and social performance of French mutual funds: A data envelopment analysis approach

Socially responsible investors pursue both financial and non-financial goals. In this paper, we attempt to assess the performance of French socially responsible mutual funds (SRMFs). We consider the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, which allows us to assign a unique efficiency score while combining financial and social characteristics, using various combinations within different types of risk (total risk, market risk, and downside risk). We report the list of funds found to be DEA efficient using various output-oriented models. We also compare our obtained results with the traditional and modern measures used in the literature (Sharpe, Treynor, and the information ratio). We contribute to the literature by testing the validity of the DEA methodology in the financial context. The findings have important implications for fund selection processes and would be mainly of interest to investors and fund managers who integrate environmental, social, and governance criteria into their investment choices.     

基于DEA法改进的物流服务供应商筛选问题研究

本文根据数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis,DEA)法的基本原理,在对此法进行分析的基础上,提出在运用该方法进行物流服务供应商筛选时应引入层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)和主因子提取法,建立DEA法改进的物流服务供应商筛选模型,从而弥补单纯运用DEA方法的不足,为物流服务需求方选择物流服务供应商提供一套行之有效的方法。     

A frontier analysis comparison of banking ‘added value’

Recently, a new added value to inputs (AVI) ratio has been developed for ranking banks by their ‘competitive advantage’. This kind of market-based measure of performance is now being widely developed in banking. The primary aim of this article is to use the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique to expose some of the underlying properties of AVI: a comparative simulation exercise is used to perform an exploratory sensitivity and critical variable analysis. It is shown that the AVI scalar ratio embodies inter alia a hidden assumption of constant returns to scale, and it corresponds to the simplest possible form of DEA model. Another aim is to generalise and improve the AVI approach using DEA. More insight is obtained by applying DEA, which allows for explicit assumptions about returns to scale and provides multi-dimensional forms of AVI measures.     

Measuring product market efficiency: A new methodology

This paper proposes a new methodology to measure product market efficiency. Our approach is based on the economic theory of product market equilibrium where consumers have incomplete information, and it allows quality to be multidimensional. We illustrate the methodology and compare it with other methodologies including the data envelopment analysis (DEA)-based procedure of Kamakura, Ratchford, and Agrawal (1988). The empirical results show that our model is robust to the precise distributional form of the disturbance term. In addition, our efficiency estimates are always equal to or lower than the DEA estimates of efficiency.     

Measuring the performance of financial holding companies

Financial institutions have become larger and engage in a wider array of financial activities due to continuing consolidation. Since the financial holding companies face multiple production functions simultaneously, the traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach is not suitable for investigating their efficiency. This study applies the multi-activity DEA model to explore the relative efficiency of 12 financial holding companies in Taiwan. The results show that the multi-activity DEA model is obviously more capable of identifying sources of inefficiency, thereby potentially yielding greater managerial insights into organisational improvements.     

Capacity inefficiencies of teaching and non-teaching hospitals

This paper investigates capacity-based inefficiency causes and the existence of any differences between the improvement processes of teaching and non-teaching hospitals. In an effort to comparatively evaluate the inefficiency causes of hospitals in Turkey, this study uses data envelopment analysis (DEA). DEA can simultaneously assess the relationship between capacity (physical capacity and medical labor capacity) as inputs and the utilization of capacity (utilization of institution capacity for patients, utilization of physical capacity, and utilization of technological capacity) as outputs. In addition, the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) is used to analyze the patterns of efficiency change for the study years from 2001 to 2007. Several improvement suggestions have been provided to health care policy makers regarding inefficiency causes and ways of optimizing hospital efficiency.     

New Zealand Bank Mergers and Efficiency Gains

ABSTRACT

This paper uses accounting ratios and DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) to explore the efficiency impacts of 6 bank mergers in New Zealand between 1989 and 1998. The paper is the first reported application of DEA to the New Zealand banking sector, and its methodology is based around that used by Avkiran in his study published in the Journal of Banking and Finance in 1999 (Avkiran, 1999b).

Consistent with earlier research, acquiring banks were found to be generally larger than their targets, although they were not consistently more efficient. In a majority of cases the merger led to an increase in efficiency, consistent with a trend observed for the banking sector as a whole. No clear conclusions could be drawn on possible public benefits from the mergers.     

基于多层过滤的第三方物流服务商选择

本文在第三方物流服务商选择的过程中,采用了多层过滤的方法。首先,采用DEA方法对参加竞标的物流服务商进行了相对有效性评价,在此基础上,采用交叉效率法对DEA的评价结果作了进一步的改进。最后,将定量的评价结果与定性指标融合在一起,采用AHP方法做综合评判,选出合适的物流服务商。     

农业上市公司自主创新能力影响因素实证分析

为了优化农业上市公司自主创新激励机制,选取部分农业上市公司作为决策单元,运用DEA模型对这些公司的技术创新激励的有效性进行评价,通过对其的DEA有效单元与非DEA有效单元之间的分析对比,找出导致其技术创新非DEA有效的因素以及强化各因素的作用,以期达到提升农业企业自主创新能力的目的。     

基于数据包络分析法的绩效评估技术研究——来自军工上市公司的实证分析

本文认为,一种行之有效的绩效评估方法是开展高质量绩效审计的重要前提,而数据包络分析法(简称DEA方法)可以为绩效评估提供很好的定量分析工具。数据包络分析法属于非参数方法,无需事先假设函数关系,其评估不受人为因素影响,多用于对多投入和多产出的不同决策单元的效率进行评估。固定规模报酬下的多投入、多产出的效率评估模型(C2R模型)就是以数据包络分析法为思想基础的一个著名模型。文章以军工板块航天系9家上市公司为决策单元,利用C2R模型进行了运营效率评估,并通过对C2R模型计算结果进行效率分析、投影值分析及敏感度分析,构建了基于数据包络分析法的组织绩效评估技术框架。     

Measuring the road safety performance of Iranian provinces: a double-frontier DEA model and evidential reasoning approach

Abstract

Road traffic accidents are critical public issue in developing countries, and they annually waste a significant amount of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In order to urgently consider how this problem is related to the current policies, a proper safety evaluation of regional programmes in crash reduction is fundamental to the governments. The current research aims to employ a double-frontier Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to assess the productivity of Iranian regional safety programmes in reducing the number of road fatalities. The safety efficiencies of Iranian provinces are simultaneously estimated using the double frontier DEA to reflect both the optimistic and pessimistic points of view. Then, the Evidential Reasoning (ER) approach is applied to aggregate the obtained efficiency values. These provinces are ranked based on the data panel for 2014–2016. Finally, a double-frontier Malmquist productivity index (MPI) is used to comprehensively measure the safety performance of Iranian roads over a period of time.     

DEA效率作为公司绩效测评中的非财务指标的有效性研究

仅使用财务指标进行公司业绩评价受到了众多的批评,一个改进的策略是引入非财务指标。DEA方法是分析同类型企业投入产出效率的优秀数学工具,但作为一个非财务指标应用到我国上市公司业绩评价中,其有效性如何呢?经过实证研究,验证了汽车行业上市公司的DEA效率与财务绩效,得到一般性的结论:DEA分析可以成为上市公司绩效评价和实施标杆对比的有效非财务指标。     

我国区域创新体系:基于DEA的绩效评价

区域创新体系绩效评价是构建有效的区域创新体系中的重要问题,通过创新绩效评价可以确定区域创新体系的运转效率,还可以为进一步完善区域创新体系指明方向。创新分为知识创造和知识应用两个阶段,通过建立区域创新绩效评价模型,运用DEA方法对我国各区域创新绩效进行分析,发现我国大多数区域创新绩效差在应用知识转化成生产力阶段。     

Efficiency and capital adequacy in Taiwan banking: BCC and super-DEA estimation

In this study the researchers adopt two DEA methods – Banker-Charnes-Cooper and Super Efficiency – to investigate whether a bank's technical efficiency is significantly different when capital adequacy (risk) is specified compared with when capital adequacy (risk) is not specified. The information is obtained from 46 Taiwanese banks for the period 2000 to 2002. The Malmquist total factor productivity (TFP) index is employed to measure the impact of productivity change on the panel data. The empirical results from the DEA approach are summarized as follows: (1) Capital adequacy is proven to be an influential factor in evaluating the efficiency of banks. (2) The average efficiency scores of banks with high capital adequacy (>8%) are significantly higher than those of banks with lower capital adequacy (<8%). (3) The efficiency scores of banks with high risk capital requirement (above the average) are higher than those of banks with lower risk capital requirement (under the average). (4) Banks with both high capital adequacy and high risk capital requirement are superior in performance than all the other banks, while banks with both low capital adequacy and low-risk capital requirement performance are the worst by contrast. (5) Based on the Malmquist total TFP index, we find that bank productivity has not increased.     

我国期货公司经营效率的DEA评价

本文利用DEA方法的(C2R)模型对我国有代表性的30家期货公司的经营效率进行了分析与评价,通过对输入输出指标数据的分析得出我国期货公司总体规模偏小、从业人员素质偏低和抗风险能力较差的结论;通过对我国期货公司经营有效性、输入冗余率和输出亏空率以及规模收益的评价分析,得出:我国期货公司经营效率水平不高,提高空间较大,总体上正逐步由恢复增长阶段向快速发展阶段转化。     

中国对外贸易竞争力与后危机时代的战略选择

本文使用集成多向的数据包络分析(DEA)的视窗分析方法,根据世界16个主要国家或地区2005-2007年的货物和服务贸易进出口数据开展计量分析,把这些国家的历年数据采用非纵向集成SE-DEA方法计算并求出其投入冗余和产出不足,从各个方面定量分析各国的对外贸易竞争力状况,然后提出了相应的对策建议。     

考虑环境因素的区域创新效率研究——基于三阶段DEA方法

以往研究在测算区域创新的效率时并未考虑环境因素的影响。本文以中国省级数据为基础,应用三阶段DEA方法,在控制环境因素的基础上考察了我国区域创新的效率问题。研究表明,我国区域创新的效率较低,且其原因主要是由于规模效率不高所致;与经典DEA方法相比,三阶段DEA方法的测算结果更符合经济现实,更能客观地反映各地区的创新效率水平。本文结论为我国创新型国家建设的效率改进提供了启示。     

Retail network performance evaluation: a DEA approach considering retailers' geomarketing

Stores develop customized assortments based on localization characteristics. In terms of performance analysis, these changes make it more difficult to analyse store performance. This adjustment procedure entails an internal benchmarking which needs small samples to control regional and assortment effects. This paper explores the influence of competitive environment and store neighbourhood characteristics on store efficiency by using three data envelopment analysis (DEA) models. This research is illustrated by using real data from a French supermarket retail chain at the product category level. It is shown that the two-steps DEA model is a relevant analysis tool to take into account location aspects. It presents a discriminant power strong enough to derive managerial implications with small samples.