Pricing executive stock options under employment shocks

We obtain explicit expressions for the subjective, objective and market value of perpetual executive stock options (ESOs) under exogenous employment shocks driven by an independent Poisson process. Previously, we obtain the executive's optimal exercise policy from the subjective valuation that is necessary for the objective one, or fair value. The perpetual ESO is compared with the true finite maturity ESO finding that the approximation is reasonably good. To illustrate the usefulness of the objective valuation for accounting purposes, we analyze the statistical distribution of the fair value when there is uncertainty about the employment shock intensity. Finally, the role of ESOs in the design of executives’ incentives is also discussed.     

实施股票期权激励相关问题思考

本文基于国内公司实施股票期权激励的政策环境,分析了中国联通实施股票期权激励的案例,提出了实施股票期权激励在操作层面应掌握的相关问题,旨在为拟实施股票期权激励的公司提供借鉴.     

我国经理人股票期权会计制度的构建

本文认为,我国经理人股票期权应当按费用化来处理:选择公允价值为计量基础,行权日为计量日,采用公允价值法计算考虑经理人股票期权稀释效用后的每股收益并进行充分的信息披露.     

基于时间点的股票期权会计确认探讨

股票期权作为一种长期激励机制已得到广泛认可,但其会计处理程序却相对落后,这为高级经理人提供了以权谋私的机会.确认是会计处理的第一步,它决定了会计事项的属性.本文对国内外股票期权确认理论加以对比,结合会计确认的基础理论,分析不同时间点股票期权持有人在企业中的地位及其付出劳动的性质,提出了基于时间点的股票期权会计确认分析方法.     

Backdating executive stock options—An ex ante valuation

When backdating executive stock options (ESOs), the exercise price is set in favor of the recipient executive. Relative to a non-backdated benchmark, we find an (ex ante) upper bound for the cost of backdating to shrink from 10% to about 3.7%, as a consequence of the regime change represented by the Sarbanes-Oxley act (SOX).We frame the backdating behavior as a (compound) exotic option, considering both simple and extended models of the underlying ESO—in the latter case we draw on the analytical ESO models of Sircar and Xiong (2007). Post-SOX, we use a Longstaff-Schwartz inspired least squares Monte Carlo approach.     

The co-worldly executive

The traditional American executive lived in the world of the company; the world of his family life was expected to reflect company priorities. But men are less willing now to pay high personal costs for corporate success, or to limit their private lives (or even their career potentials) to the demands of a single company. This new ethic of co-worldliness will require companies to learn to deal with new kinds of values and loyalties.     

Compensation-based stock trading by corporate executive and aggregate management ownership of the firm: Some additional evidence

Managers place a low value on equity-based compensation because it exposes them to the risk of the firm. Such undervaluation and the need to achieve diversification may force a manager to sell his own stock of the firm in response to equity-based awards. In this paper we examine whether such stock selling by an executive depends on the aggregate level of management ownership of the firm. We argue that stock selling occurs at a high level of aggregate ownership where an executive has a low probability of being replaced. Our findings support this “management ownership” argument of compensation-based stock trading. One implication is that the board's effort to minimize agency conflicts becomes less effective once aggregate ownership increases to a certain threshold level. (JEL G30, G32) This research was carried out with the support of the Western New England College research fund.     

Availability and settlement of individual stock futures and options expiration-day effects: evidence from high-frequency data

This study examines whether the expiration-day effects of stock options traded in Australian Stock Exchange on return, volatility, trading volume, and temporary price changes of individual stocks vary with the availability and the settlement method of individual stock futures contracts. Using transaction data of the stocks that have both options and futures contacts from 1993 to 1997, we find that options expiration has significant effects on return and volatility of the underlying stocks in absence of individual stock futures. After introduction of a cash-settled stock futures contract, the effects decrease notably. However, the switch of a futures contract from cash settlement to physical delivery promotes the expiration effects on return and volatility and boosts temporary price changes on expiration days. Finally, options expiration has little effect on trading volume. Trading activity tends to behave normally regardless whether stock futures contracts are available or not.     

From political praise to stock options: Reforming compensation systems in the people's republic of China

The recent reforms in the People's Republic of China have brought into focus the system of compensation in Chinese enterprises. This paper examines the evolution of compensation schemes in China, with a special emphasis on the reforms of recent years, the obstacles they face, and the prospects for the future.     

香港创业板给我们带来的启示

国内二板市场的酝酿时间超过了4年,迄今尚未推出,但晚有晚的好处,可以使我们有充分的时间把即将推出的二板市场搞的更加成熟,同时,借鉴一下香港创业板的成功与不足,无疑对我们是非常有益的.     

The pricing of callable preferred stock

In this study, the authors use both the Black/Scholes European option model and the Barone-Adesi/Whaley American option model to estimate call option values implicit in seasoned callable preferred stock issues. Consistent with the finding that call features increase bond yields, a significant relationship is found between estimated option values and discounts of these securities’ market prices from their estimated income values. However, the size of the discount is only a fraction of what would be predicted by the American option model. Specifically, the market does not appear to take the “early exercise premium” into account. Furthermore, this discount seems to be isolated to in-the-money call features that have evolved to their final call price. Thus, incorporation of a call feature into a security’s indentures, with a deferment period and an initial premium call price, appears to represent a pure gain for the issuing corporation.     

面向曲线通过性的铁路货车悬挂参数稳健设计

铁路货车的悬挂参数对车辆的曲线通过性能具有重要影响。通过开展悬挂参数的稳健设计研究,可保证一系悬挂橡胶件刚度特性发生变化时,车辆依然具有良好的曲线通过性能。采用多体动力学仿真软件,搭建了货车动力学分析仿真模型。将一系悬挂的刚度变化作为噪声因素,悬挂参数的设计值作为可控因素,设计了正交实验表。通过比较不同参数组合时的车辆在曲线上的轮轨横向力及其信噪比,实现了面向曲线通过性的车辆悬挂参数稳健设计。     

城市资本存量模型分析

文章研究城市资本市场中资本存量的问题,建立了城市人均资本存量模型,反映了资本存量与各影响因素的相关关系.利用该模型对上海市的人均资本存量进行了分析.该模型具有预测作用,有助于城市管理主体制定城市发展政策.     

The pricing of lookback options and binomial approximation

Refining a discrete model of Cheuk and Vorst, we obtain a closed formula for the price of a European lookback option at any time between emission and maturity. We derive an asymptotic expansion of the price as the number of periods tends to infinity, thereby solving a problem posed by Lin and Palmer. We prove, in particular, that the price in the discrete model tends to the price in the continuous Black–Scholes model. Our results are based on an asymptotic expansion of the binomial cumulative distribution function that improves several recent results in the literature.     

如何提升企业财务战略执行力

企业管理已进入了战略管理时代,如何提升企业财务战略的执行力也日益成为理论界和实务界研究的热点.本文在分析企业财务战略缺乏执行力的基础上,提出了提升企业财务战略执行力的对策.     

Strengthening executive decision making

Although decisions determine corporate fates, executives don't always know how to make the best choices. The author examines today's dissatisfaction with corporate decision making, reviews how it can deteriorate as the pace of change increases, and offers five comprehensive strategies for improving the decision making process. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The reaction of security prices to tracking stock announcements

This paper provides some empirical evidence on a relatively new and increasingly prevalent form of equity restructuring called tracking stock. We identify the effects associated with tracking stock announcements by excluding from our sample those announcement events that include other significant news announcements on the event date, such as announcements of acquisitions and earnings. For the 35 announcement events that fit this criteria, we find a mean abnormal return of over 3 percent in the two-day period surrounding the announced proposal to issue a tracking stock, with 30 of the 35 firms in the sample earning positive abnormal returns. The views expressed in this paper are that of the author(s) and do not reflect the views or opinions of Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. or any of its affiliates.