Estimating Urbanization Levels in Chinese Provinces in 1982—2000

No consistent and reliable annual data series on the urbanization level for provincial regions of China is available. Making use of urban population data from the 1982 and 2000 population censuses, this paper estimates an annual data series of the urbanization level for provincial regions using an estimation approach developed on the basis of a conceptual model of dual-track urbanization. Based on such estimated new urban data of provincial regions, the major trends of urbanization in Chinese provinces and the relationship between urbanization and economic development are analysed for the period 1982–2000.

Résumé

On ne dispose pas de séries de données annuelles cohérentes et fiables sur le niveau d'urbanisation des régions de province chinoises. En utilisant les données de population urbaine des recensements de 1982 et 2000, cet article estime une série annuelle du niveau d'urbanisation des régions de province grâce à une approche développée sur la base d'un modèle conceptuel d'urbanisation différenciée. Sur la base de nouvelles données urbaines ainsi estimées pour les régions provinciales, on analyse les grandes tendances d'urbanisation dans les provinces chinoises et la relation entre l'urbanisation et le développement économique pour la période 1982–2000.     

Housing-choice hindrances and urban spatial structure: Evidence from matched location and location-preference data in Chinese cities

In a monocentric city with a well-functioning residential market, Pareto-efficient spatial equilibrium entails the sorting of residents according to their bid–rent gradient in descending order away from city center. Violation of this sorting condition creates opportunities for Pareto-improving trading of locations and can be sustained only if the market is hindered. We propose a simple ordered-location-choice model using matched location and location-preference data of individual households to examine violations of the Pareto-efficient spatial sorting condition. In so doing we are able to identify population groups facing housing-choice hindrances. We find in a sample of Chinese cities undergoing housing market liberalization that poor marketability of the previously state-provided homes, inadequate provision of housing finance, and spatial mismatch between job-market and housing-market opportunities contribute to a Pareto-inefficient spatial structure.     

Decomposing the growth in residential land in the United States

This paper decomposes the growth in land occupied by residences in the United States to give the relative contributions of changing demographics versus changes in residential land per household. Between 1976 and 1992 the amount of residential land in the United States grew 47.7% while population only grew 17.8%. At first glance, this suggest an important role for per-household increases. However, the calculations in this paper show that only 24.5% of the growth in residential land area can be attributed to state-level changes in land per household. 37.3% is due to overall population growth, 22.6% to an increase in the number of households over this period, 6% to the shift of population towards states with larger houses, and the remaining 9.6% to interactions between these changes. There are large differences across states and metropolitan areas in the relative importance of these components.     

政府与市场关系视角下住房问题治理对策研究

城市住房领域政府与市场关系的研究,对有效解决我国城市住房问题具有重要理论价值和政策含义。在多元经济学范式下分析政府与市场的关系,结合住房和住房市场的特性,探寻社会相互作用的两种基本规则：市场与政府解决住房问题的边界,构建了住房领域政府与市场关系的理论分析框架。在该框架下,探讨我国城市住房问题求解的思路及对策：完善住房市场、健全住房保障体系,发挥“第三方”的作用,促进我国住房市场健康持续发展。     

Information and communication technology and the spatial evolution of mature cities

The great urbanization project that started some 10,000 years ago is approaching its final stages. We focus on the spatial evolution of mature cities and on the possibility that information and communication technology will contribute to a phase transition and a start of a new urban life cycle. In a context of agent-based model that includes heterogeneous land developers, housing consumers and planning agencies, we speculate about conditions that may change cities as we know them. In particular, we propose a scenario in which the prevalent central city oriented metropolitan areas will be replaced by a multitude of sprawling cities.     

对我国当前城镇集群式发展态势的研究与思考

文章力求以科学发展观为指导,对当前我国城镇集群式发展的特点、意义和问题进行分析研究,提出了一些建议.     

关于我国城市可持续发展的几点思考

在全球和区域视角下,对城市可持续发展进行了理性思考,并提出以下观点:统筹城乡发展,实现城乡协调化;发展城市群,实现经济发展的集约化;建立不同尺度的区域循环产业,实现城市发展的生态化;建设道路通讯网络,实现要素的流动化;划分重点区域,实现城市与区域发展的协调化;完善社会保障体系,实现市民社会等观点.     

走向三方合作的伙伴关系:西方城市更新政策的演变及其对中国的启示

西方城市更新政策经历了从1970年代政府主导、具有福利主义色彩的内城更新,到1980年代市场主导、公私伙伴关系为特色的城市更新,向1990年代以公、私、社区三向伙伴关系为导向的多目标综合性城市更机关报转变.一个内涵更加多元化的城市更新现念,以及一个以多方伙伴关系为取向、更加注重社区参与和社会公平的城市更新管治模式,正代表着城市更新政策的新路向.这对我国制定城市更新政策有重要启示,包括:要提高对城市更机关报多维本质的认知,加强社区民众参与,建立以人为本的城市更新制度,以及强化政府在城市更新中的协调、引导和促进功能,等.     

开发区发展对我国城市位序结构的影响分析

以52个国家级经济技术开发区和53个国家级高新技术产业开发区作为研究对象,就开发区发展对我国城市体系经济和空间位序结构的影响进行了分析,并通过二维结构分类表,从城市、开发区影响下及二者综合作用三方面分析讨论了开发区对我国城市经济与空间位序结构影响方式的差异,最后还就开发区对中国城市体系位序结构变化的影响进行了聚类分析.     

Impact of high-speed rail on urban economic development: An observation from the Beijing-Guangzhou line based on night-time light images

The high-speed rail (HSR) of China has developed and expanded rapidly and made great achievements in the past twenty years. The ongoing HSR plan is expected to have a significant impact on the urban economy and spatial structure in China. However, relevant data-driven research is still lacking. Traditional data collection approaches such as field surveys are costly to assure the accuracy of materials. In this study, a new remote sensing perspective of night-time light (NTL) was adopted to observe the long-term impact of the HSR on cities along the rail. More specifically, we investigated the impact of the Beijing–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway (BGHSR) on urban economic development by using night-time light data from 2002 to 2018. Such a line connects the capital (located in the north of China) and southern China and lies on the most important geographic axis of the country. Our results find that the construction of BGHSR line has a considerable positive impact on economies of first-tier cities (e.g., Beijing and Guangzhou) and new-first-tier cities (e.g., Zhengzhou, Wuhan, and Changsha), but also hurt some second-tier and third-tier cities such as Baoding and Handan. Generally, the spatial economic pattern of cities along the BGHSR line has been rapidly reshaped with the change of the transportation system. Each city needs to reconsider its role and value in the coming regionalization process to adapt to the national strategy.     

城市公共服务的价值估计、受益者分析和融资模式探讨

城市生活质量决定城市价值.城市政府所提供的各类公共服务,直接影响着居民在城市中生活的舒适和便利程度,关系到城市长期发展的动力.围绕此主旨,论文探讨了3个相关的问题.第一,如何估计城市公共服务这些非市场的价值;第二,这些城市公共服务的成本承担和利益享受是否匹配;第三,怎样的公共口融资模式能够使上述关系更为匹配.基于显示性偏好法中的特征价格模型,利用北京市住宅市场和土地市场的徽观和个体交易数据,实证结果表明,居民愿意为居住在地铁站、公交车站和公署周边一定范围(0.8公里)内分别支付住宅价格的17.1%、12.4%和6.4%,但是,这种价值并没有被资本化到土地价格中.这表明,居民对城市公共服务偏好的住处并没有被房地产开发企业以地价的形式传递给政府,开发企业成为实际的受益者.以房地产价值作为税基的物业税的征收使信息可以从居民直接传递至城市政府,将使城市公共服务的融资模式更为合理.     

新中国初期中国共产党对城市基层社会组织重构的历史启示

新中国初期,中国共产党对城市基层社会组织进行了大规模的重构,并且取得了巨大成功.通过对新中国初期城市各类基层社会组织重构进程的历史考察,我们可以得到以下几方面的启示:强势政权的建立、政权组织的下移与城市基层政权组织的强化是当时成功实现城市基层社会组织重构的基础与前提;城市基层社会的全面组织化是当时实现城市社会整合的强大...     

我国企业融资租赁影响因素的实证研究——基于logisti分c析

本文从承租企业的角度出发,尝试利用沪市2002年上市公司的会计报告披露资料,运用logisti分c析方法,根据收集的数据进行测算,得出了相应的logisti的c回归方程和企业融资租赁影响因素的logisti分c析结果,指出税率差别理论与债务替代理论是影响我国企业融资租赁的关键理论。     

行政区划调整与城市发展变化——以1990年-2005年时间段为例

行政区划是我国城市布局和建设的重要手段.建国以来,在关于市制建设的行政区划调整模式上,我国先后经历了"切块设市"、"整县改市"、"地市合并"以及"撤县(镇)设区"等,不同模式的行政区划调整.这直接导致了我国城市面积的不断扩大和城市人口的逐年增加.从行政区划调整的角度出发.基于对相关城市统计数据的分析.研究了1990年以来,行政区划调整对我国地级市和直辖市的数量、面积和人口的影响,试图发现行政区划调整在我国城市发展和城市化进程中所起的作用.     

城市农民工住房问题的研究综述

城市农民工住房问题是当前社会的热点问题,也是难点问题。本文从三个方面综述了近年来涉及到我国城市农民工住房问题的研究,得出一些共性的结论:1.城市农民工居住的现状:居住面积较小,居住环境较差,居住模式复杂且与家人同住比例持续上升,住房来源以租房为主,居住的区位主要在城乡结合部,住房的满意度出乎意料地高;2.影响城市农民工居住的重要因素主要有:缺少足够的经济来源,缺乏规划指导,住房市场不规范,法律制度不健全以及难以分享的住房政策;3.改善城市农民工住房的建议包括:将城市农民工纳入住房保障体系,加快城市外来人员集中居住区建设,加强住房市场和居住条件的管理,并提高城市农民工改善住房条件的能力。这些共性的结论对城市农民工住房的建设、改善、管理等工作的开展具有重要参考价值。     

中国大城市职住分离现象及其特征——以北京市为例

以北京为案例城市,基于2007年对北京市内600户家庭的问卷调查数据,以居住地和就业地之间的直线距离--职住距离(job-housing distance) 为职住分离程度的测度指标,描述了北京市职住分离格局,除社会经济属性外,重点比较了不同居住社区类型、住房产权属性、居住搬迁年份的居民的职住分离程度,以期反映影响居民就业可迭性的制度性和结构性因素.     

Contestability of the urban land market: an event study of Hong Kong land auctions

The traditional theory of urban land markets assumes perfect contestability—the absolute freedom of market entry—that compels developers to bid up the land rent to equal the economic profit from land use. This assumption, however, is empirically untested due to the difficulties in measuring the ex ante economic profit of land acquisition. We overcome these difficulties by applying the event-study methodology to Hong Kong government land auctions. When a developer acquires a site at a price below its fair market value, the rationality of the stock market entails a positive abnormal return on the developer’s stock. Our analysis shows evidence of positive expected abnormal returns, indicating an imperfectly contestable land market. We further show that the expected abnormal return increases with the site value and the government land disposal level but decreases with the property market liquidity.     

城市总体规划人口结构预测分析及其规划启示——以淄博市为例

应用"年龄移位法",以四普、五普为基础数据,对淄博市2020年前城市人口结构进行了预测分析,具体包括:①人口年龄结构类型②少年儿童组③中等教育组④劳动年龄组⑤老年组等.最后根据预测结果探讨了其对城市总体规划及其他专题规划(教育、医疗、就业等)的规划启示.     

Age diversity and firm performance in an emerging economy: Implications for cross‐cultural human resource management

This study tests the effect of age diversity on firm performance among international firms. Based on the resource‐based view of the firm, it argues that age diversity among employees will influence firm performance. Moreover, it argues that two contextual variables—a firm's level of market diversification and its country of origin—influence the relationship between age diversity and firm performance. By testing relevant hypotheses in a major emerging economy, that is, the People's Republic of China, this study finds a significant and positive effect of age diversity and a significant interactive effect between age diversity and firm strategy on profitability. We also find a significant relationship between age diversity and firm profitability for firms from Western societies, but not for firms from East Asian societies. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of this study's findings. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Chinese managers' career success networks: the impact of key tie characteristics on structure and interaction practices

Structured personal interviews were conducted with 105 senior and mid-level Chinese male and female managers, in which each respondent provided information about their career success network (CSN) ties. Using this data, we tested hypotheses on: (1) the age composition of Chinese managers' CSNs; (2) the face-to-face interaction practices within Chinese managers' CSNs; and (3) the roles of tie sex composition and tie content (position-centred versus person-centred ties) in influencing the age composition of and interaction practices within Chinese managers' CSNs. The results demonstrated that both Chinese male and female managers, while generally preferring to form CSN ties with individuals who are older than themselves, are relatively more reluctant to include middle-aged or elder women in their CSN. The age of those included in the respondents' CSN was also influenced by tie content and whether the tie spans the organizational boundary. With respect to interaction practices within the CSN, tie content moderated the relationship between tie sex composition and interaction practice. Female managers' person-centred ties with men had significantly lower levels of interaction outside the workplace than person-centred ties composed of members of the same-sex. However, this difference was not exhibited in the case of position-centred ties. Interestingly, the reluctance to socialize with the opposite-sex exhibited by female managers did not appear to be shared by their male counterparts. The implications of these results for career success in China are discussed.