欧盟发展新趋势及其经济学分析

鉴于世界政治、经济形势的变化以及全球经济一体化趋势影响的不断深化,欧盟也在综合分析全球形势与自身发展情况的基础上,逐渐调整了自身的发展思路并进而形成了以紧密与松散并存、灵活性与非一致性并存以及由封闭逐渐走向开放为特色的运作发展新趋势.新趋势的形成并非偶然,除了政治方面的需求以外,它还有着深刻的经济方面的动因.但无论如何,从发展路径上看,一个以国家主权为基础、强调灵活性、允许一体化发展速度有差异且又具有明显圈层结构的欧盟仍将长期存在.     

教育人力资本与东部农业经济增长——基于中国东部农村面板数据的实证研究

通过对中国东部农村教育人力资本与农业经济增长的面板数据的研究发现,在1991-2005年期间,教育人力资本对农业经济增长具有显著的推动作用,农村劳动力的平均受教育年限每提高一年,农业经济的产出就提高21%。进一步分析各文化层次劳动力与农业经济增长的关系发现,小学和中专文化程度的农村劳动力对农业经济的回归系数为负值,高中文化劳动力比例与农业经济的回归关系不显著,初中、大专及以上文化的劳动力数量对农业经济具有正向促进作用。     

HRM Under Guided Economic Development: The Singapore Experience

The article begins with the three stages of Singapore's economic development as the context from which the local labour-management relations system emerged. This is followed by a discussion of the institutional framework under which the government managed to attractmulti-national enterprises to provide the necessary capital, technology, management expertise, and access to international markets - conditions required for the attainment of its economic goals. However, while the government did deliver a disciplined, hard-working and trained labour force, it also ensured that workers received a share of the wealth generated in the labour process. In the second part of the article, local employment practices, as well as the trends for future development are discussed.     

资源禀赋、政府激励与经济增长关系研究

用简单内生增长模型考察资源禀赋所有权结构对经济增长的影响发现,随着政府拥有的资源份额提高,均衡税率会降低,储蓄率和经济增长率则会升高。在一定的条件下,以平衡增长路径上分散经济的增长率可以达到社会经济增长总量最优的水平。在内生增长框架内,引入自然资源可以明显改变政府行为,并提高经济增长绩效。     

日本农业可持续发展的经验借鉴

实现可持续发展是我国现代化建设的一项战略方针,其中又以农业的可持续发展为重中之重,为此我国政府高度重视农业可持续发展,已经明确提出农业和农村可持续发展是我国经济可持续发展的根本保证和优先领域。本文主要结合日本经验探讨我国农业的可持续发展之路。     

An Economic Analysis on Overbilling Incentives and Auditing Programs

An institutional auditing program typically consists of the following steps: a sample audit, the decision to move to the full audit, a settlement offer, and the full audit. Statistical sampling techniques are often used to estimate the overbilling percentage and amount. This paper discusses the optimal settlement offer, the net recovery through auditing, the condition for the auditors to move to the full audit, and how an auditing program can be truly cost-effective. This paper provides an evaluation for the statistical sampling techniques to an auditing program. The economic incentives of a contractor to overbill are also identified. Finally, it presents the key metrics and the managerial implications for auditing managers to design or enhance their auditing programs.     

知识资产与企业绩效：激励和监督机制的不对称性

本文对知识资产与企业的经济绩效之间的关系及知识资产在不同的治理机制下对企业的经济绩效的影响机制进行理论探讨,利用2007－2013年中国信息技术业上市公司的数据进行实证研究,发现知识资产的增加有利于企业的经济绩效的提高,公司治理中的激励和监督机制具有不对称的调节作用,激励机制强化知识资产与企业的经济绩效之间的正向关系,而过强的监督机制将弱化二者之间的关系。     

Economic Effects of Regional Tax Incentives: A General Equilibrium Approach

SUMMARY

Regional governments often adopt tax incentive programs to attract private investments to their jurisdictions. This behavior is no different in Brazil, where such incentive policies have been growing in the last few years due to a combination of factors. This paper uses a general equilibrium approach to evaluate the effects of a regional tax incentive program for attracting investments. The analysis focuses mainly on the financing of new private investments through tax revenue relief and public investment expenditures by regional and federal governments. The interregional general equilibrium model used to run the simulations captures the effects of regional interdependence and of vertical relationships between the governments. The results show that the effects on the employment and household welfare of consumers have been positive for the region implementing such an incentive policy, namely the State of Rio Grande do Sul. However, the effect on real GDP may not follow the same course, which could occur mainly because of the specialized pattern of production in the State.

RESUMEN. Los gobiernos regionales adoptan programas de incentivo fiscal con el propósito de atraer inversiones a sus jurisdicciones. Este comportamiento no cambia en Brasil, donde dichas políticas de incentivo han crecido en los últimos años debido a un conjunto de factores. Este estudio se basa en el enfoque del equilibrio general, para evaluar los efectos de un programa de incentivo fiscal implementado para atraer inversiones. El modelo del equilibrio general interregional usado para realizar simulacros capta los efectos de la interdependencia regional, y de una relación vertical entre los gobiernos. Los resultados muestran que los efectos sobre el empleo y el bienestar doméstico de los consumidores son positivos para la región que implementa este tipo de política de incentivos como ocurre, por ejemplo en el estado de Río Grande do Sul. Sin embargo, el efecto sobre el PIB no sigue el mismo camino, lo que podría ser resultado, principalmente, del patrón de producción especializado del Estado.

RESUMO. Os governos regionais adotam com freqüência programas de incentivo fiscal a fim de atrair investimentos privados para suas jurisdições. Este comportamento não é diferente no Brasil, onde tais políticas de incentivo têm crescido nos últimos anos devido a uma combinação de fatores. Este estudo usa uma abordagem do equilíbrio geral para avaliar os efeitos de um programa regional de incentivos fiscais para atrair investimentos. A análise enfoca principalmente o financiamento de investimentos privados novos através da redução da arrecadação fiscal e do investimento público pelos governos regionais e federal. O modelo do equilíbrio geral inter-regional usado nas simulações capta os efeitos da interdependência regional e de relacionamentos verticais entre os governos. Os resultados mostram que os efeitos sobre o emprego e o bem-estar doméstico dos consumidores são positivos para a região que implementa tal política de incentivo, a saber, o estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Entretanto, o efeito sobre o PIB real pode não seguir o mesmo caminho, e isto ocorreria sobretudo devido ao padrão de produção especializado no estado.     

我国农业保险的发展及国际经验借鉴

目前,我国农业保险的发展取得了一定的成绩,保费收入呈上升趋势,但同时农业保险的发展也存在保险利润低,商业保险公司不愿过多进入农业领域,交易成本高,政策性农业保险并未起到很好的作用,政府财政补贴不合理等问题,应借鉴美国、加拿大和日本在政策、模式和立法上的经验,推动形成我国农业保险先进的技术系统和发展模式。     

农业产业结构与农业经济增长:以黑龙江省为例

借鉴多部门经济模型的基本思想,测算了黑龙江省1992-2006年农业产业结构变动对农业经济增长的贡献。研究表明考察期间内农业经济增长的4.92%可以由产业结构变动来解释;产业结构变动对区域农业经济增长的贡献具有波动性、阶段性和周期性等特点,农业经济表现出不稳定性;2004年以后,农业结构趋于平稳,对农业经济增长表现出稳定的正向作用。     

中国经济发展方式转变的国际经验

经济发展方式转变必须以劳动力政策调整为重点。改革开放以来,中国保持长期高速经济增长,验证了市场机制的效率功能。但是,劳资关系紧张以及与此相关的劳动力市场问题,已经成为我国经济发展的主要障碍。这不仅涉及到劳资关系的和谐,也是扫除经济发展方式转变的障碍所必需的措施。     

新冠疫情对秦皇岛农产品消费和农业经济发展的影响及对策研究

2020年注定是不平凡的一年,一场突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情迅速席卷全球,给人民的生命财产造成了巨大损失;2020年也是我国打赢脱贫攻坚战和全面建成小康社会的决胜之年,农业经济水平和农民生活水平更是其中重要的一环。现阶段需要我们时刻判断疫情给农业农村带来的负面影响并及时寻求解决之策,因此本文提出提高农产品质量、推进优秀农产品品牌化建设、借助电商平台开拓农产品线上销售渠道、积极引进社会资本投入农业经济、建立健全乡村应急管理机制这几方面的对策建议,旨在加强本地农产品的市场竞争力,稳步推进农业农村经济发展。     

贵阳城市经济圈内农产品物流的规划与发展

农产品物流对一个区域内经济的发展有着重要的作用。以贵阳城市经济圈内的农产品物流为研究对象,基于圈内农产品物流存在的问题,提出相应的规划对策。     

晋升锦标赛、财政周期性与经济波动——中国改革开放以来的经验

本文从我国改革开放以来财政分权和锦标赛式的官员晋升机制并存的制度背景出发,提出了一个解释这一时期宏观经济所表现出的较显著的阶段性差异的分析框架。作为验证,本文利用1978-2007年的省级面板数据对中国政治经济周期的存在状况、政治周期的财政扩张效应以及财政政策的顺周期性这三个基本假设进行了实证分析,分析结果较好地支持了上述假设。结合对改革开放以来财政体制改革的分析,本文认为,1994年推行的分税制收紧地方财政的政策是改变原有财政顺周期性特征并实现宏观经济波动趋于平滑的重要原因。     

International mergers: Incentives and welfare

Information asymmetry creates incentives for firms from different countries to merge. To demonstrate this point, we develop a model of international oligopolistic competition under demand uncertainty and asymmetric information. We show that when domestic firms but not foreign firms are completely informed of local market demands, information sharing enhances the profitability of a merger between a domestic firm and a foreign firm. We also examine how such a merger affects the non-merging firms' profits, consumer surplus and social welfare.     

How Economic Incentives May Destroy Social,Ecological and Existential Values: The Case of Executive Compensation

Executive compensation has long been a prominent topic in the management literature. A main question that is also given substantial attention in the business ethics literature—even more so in the wake of the recent financial crisis—is whether increasing levels of executive compensation can be justified from an ethical point of view. Also, the relationship of executive compensation to instances of unethical behavior or outcomes has received considerable attention. The purpose of this paper is to explore the social, ecological, and existential costs of economic incentives, by discussing how relying on increasing levels of executive compensation may have an adverse effect on managerial performance in a broad sense. Specifically, we argue that one-dimensional economic incentives may destroy existential, social, and systemic values that influence the manager’s commitment to ensure responsible business conduct, and have negative spillover effects that may reduce the manager’s performance. There are well-documented findings that demonstrate that reliance on sources of extrinsic motivation (such as economic incentives) may displace intrinsic motivation. Our perspective is a holistic one, in the sense that we will explore the influence of sources of extrinsic motivation on the manager’s intrinsic commitment to different types of values. We will in particular investigate how it may influence the manager’s ethical reflection and behavior or lack thereof.     

农业示范区经济发展:新兴古典框架下的重新审视——以杨凌为例的实证分析

本文在新兴古典经济学的框架下,从分工和专业化的角度探索了农业示范区经济增长的内在动力机制。就数理分析结果,以杨凌国家农业高新技术产业示范区的实际发展为例,运用其相关数据进行经验检验。结果表明,示范区内的交易条件、交易效率以及生产专业化程度等和农民收入水平高度正相关,从这些方面着手改善经济环境,才能为农业示范区经济的持续发展提供不竭的动力。最后在总结的基础上提出了一些政策建议和进一步研究的方向。     

农产品进出口贸易对浙江农业经济增长的影响——基于出口扩展型生产函数的实证分析

本文基于出口拓展型生产函数实证分析浙江农产品进出口贸易对农业经济增长的影响,表明农产品进出口贸易对浙江农业经济增长有显著的促进作用,农产品出口对经济增长的产出弹性大于进口和农产品进出口总额的产出弹性,由此得出浙江应建立农产品出口导向型发展战略,利用沿海地理优势和发达地区资本充足优势,面向国际市场重点发展农产品加工工业,促进农产品进出口贸易。