我国证券行业的"集中度"分析

我国证券行业已经历了一个快速增长阶段，并始终处于增量发展。今后在继续增量发展的同时，必将加快存量调整，对市场分额重新瓜分，激烈的竞争过后市场容量将逐渐下降，行业集中度进一步提高。面对这种发展趋势，券商必须在增强规模实力的基础上实现业务上的不断创新，只有这样才能成为最后的赢家。     

我国出口贸易超常增长的表现和原因分析

我国出口贸易连续四年以20%的速度增长,在这高速增长的背后却蕴藏危机,因为高增长的同时并没有带来高效益,产业结构没有得到进一步提升。本文通过对出口贸易高速增长的原因分析,认为这种增长很大程度上是我国转轨时期市场扭曲带来的高增长,以牺牲社会资源为代价的高增长,市场扭曲造成了贸易的福利损失,因此这种增长是不可持续的,是贫困化的增长,应该引起高度重视。     

Economies of scale and the demand for money

Cross-sectional data from four Surveys of Small Business Finance demonstrate that economies of scale in money holding exist, that these economies appear to be increasing over time, and that the magnitudes are greater than those estimated for large US corporations. Firms not practising several specific cash management techniques and firms facing constraints in the credit market hold lower money balances. Minority-owned firms exhibit economies of scale similar to the overall sample but cash management practices and credit constraint variables generally do not influence their money holding behavior. Scale economies vary widely across industries but overall means are relatively stable over time.     

我国粮食行业市场集中度低的原因分析

市场集中度反映出行业内垄断及竞争情况,是分析竞争行业环境和发展阶段一项重要指标。目前我国粮食行业市场容量较大,现有企业难以实现规模经济;粮食产品特性较强,限制了企业开拓市场的能力;地区贸易壁垒较多,阻隔了企业市场化的步伐;粮食产品消费需求多样性变化较快,规避了企业优胜劣汰法则,以上原因使我国粮食行业市场集中度处于一个较低的水平。     

中国造船业须加快产业升级步伐

世界造船产业最先的霸主源于欧洲．进入上世纪50年代．日本造船业崛起．打破了西欧造船国一统天下的局面．从上世纪70年代开始．韩国的造船业逐步发展并赶超了日本．1999年．韩国新船接单量超过日本．2000年．新船接单量和手持订单量远远超过日本．造船产量也首次超过日本、成为新的世界造船霸主。而在2009年6月．中国承接新船订单量和手持订单量双双超过韩国．成为世界第一．     

Human Transformation in the Transition Economies

Abstract

This paper discusses the human transformation in the transition economies exemplifying the case of Georgia in particular and analyzes the natures of homo Sovieticus, homo transformaticus, and homo economicus. It then argues that since homo economicus has some deficiencies and is thoroughly egoistic in nature, another model of man is to be found to explain his/her behaviours not only in the marketplace but also in the social life, and it introduces the model of man of society. Hypothesizing that individuals are in general men of society, this model is offered not only to make a paradigmatic transition from homo economicus to a real existing man/woman in a nonarbitrary fashion, but also to complement the homo economicus and thus to effectively deal with many problematic issues in the transformation period which is expected to lead to a democratic society with a balanced economy. The paper also includes the results of a survey conducted to find the evidence of man of society in the Georgian society.     

贫富差距与环境污染——基于发展中经济体与发达经济体的比较研究

本文细致考察了贫富差距产生的贸易效应和技术偏好效应影响环境质量变化的机制。基于世界银行数据库1960-2013年的数据,以碳排放量居全球前十的国家为样本建立面板数据模型,研究发现,随着碳排放大国贫富差距的扩大或缩小,其环境质量呈现恶化或改善的趋势。发展中国家环境质量随着外贸依存度的提高而恶化,而发达国家环境质量随着外贸依存度的提高而改善,经验分析结果验证了贫富差距的贸易效应;贫富差距较大国家的环境质量并未随着环保研发投入的增加而改善,而贫富差距较小国家的环境质量随着环保研发投入的增加而改善,经验分析结果也验证了贫富差距的技术偏好效应。本文的政策含义在于,过大的贫富差距会导致环境污染加重,各国政府应将缩小贫富差距纳入环境保护政策体系。     

Chinese Automakers Report 65.8% Rise in Profits in First Half

Chinese automakers saw their total profits grow 65.8% in the first half of the year as the country＇s auto industry maintained strong growth momentum.     

External Economies of Scale and Insufficient Entry

Empirical evidence suggests that many industries are characterized by external economies of scale, yet the literature on the welfare effects of entry has ignored this aspect. We show that entry can be insufficient instead of excessive in the presence of external economies of scale. Using an example with specific demand and cost functions and Cournot competition, we show that insufficient entry occurs for any positive cost of entry and the possibility of insufficient entry increases with a higher cost of entry. Hence, anti-competitive entry regulation may not be justified in industries with strong external economies of scale, which may occur due to knowledge spillover.     

论全球化经济的不平等性

传统的国际贸易理论和新制度经济学理论对国际贸易的趋势与格局有着截然不同的看法。本文以大量的南北差距和全球化经济不平等的事实为依据,验证了新制度经济学派的贸易理论,得出全球化经济具有不平等的重要结论。在全球化经济不平等的影响下,寻求适合自身的发展模式就成为发展中国家的一项尤为重要的任务。     

Factor Intensity,product switching,and productivity: Evidence from Chinese exporters

This paper analyzes how a firm's specialization in its core products after exporting affects its factor intensity and productivity. Using Chinese manufacturing firm data for the 1998–2007 period, we find that firms become less capital-intensive but more productive after exporting, compared to non-exporters that share similar ex ante characteristics. To rationalize these findings that contrast with existing studies, we develop a variant of the model by Bernard, Redding, and Schott (2010, 2011) to consider firms producing multiple products with varying capital intensity. The model predicts that when a firm in a labor-abundant country starts exporting, it specializes in its core competencies by allocating more resources to produce more labor-intensive products. Firm ex ante productivity is associated with a smaller decline in capital intensity after exporting. A sharper post-export decline in capital intensity is associated with a larger increase in measured total factor productivity. We find firm-level evidence supporting these predictions. Using transaction-level data for the 2000–2006 period, we show that Chinese new exporters add products that are less capital-intensive than their existing products and drop those that are more capital-intensive in subsequent years.     

非洲经济蹒跚行

一些非洲国家的经济在迅速增长,但它们的基础是很脆弱的。     

平板电视时代--中国彩电企业崛起的良机

经过几年的激烈竞争、市场并购和重组,目前国内彩电行业已经形成康佳、TCL、长虹、创维等一系列成熟的、颇具竞争力的企业。可以这样说,中国以后彩电市场的竞争主要是以康佳、TCL、长虹和创维等为首的国内彩电巨头和以松下、SONY、东芝、夏普、日立、三星等日韩彩电巨头之间的竞争。虽然中国彩电巨头彼此之间也存在着竞争。但是中国彩电市场的直接对抗还是以国内彩电巨头和日韩彩电巨头之间的对抗为主。     

Cost Economies in the Life Assurance Industry

In the first part of the article, a brief summary of eight recent statistical cost studies of the life assurance industries of various countries is presented after a discussion of the relevance of such studies. In the second part, the results of a questionnaire survey, conducted by the author in 1992, are presented and discussed. The survey was designed to investigate the most cost-efficient size of a life assurance company; the sources of any perceived economies of scale and scope in the industry; and the reasons for diversificarion. The implementation of the single market in the European Community and similar developments in North America underline the topicality and importance of this research.     

第三方物流的规模经济性和发展策略研究

规模经济是社会化大生产的产物。第三方物流作为一种专业化的社会物流组织,具有很强的规模经济性。本文在分析了第三方物流的规模经济含义的基础上,深入探讨了第三方物流规模经济的内外部支撑条件,认为内部支撑条件包括生产技术、资本和管理组织能力,外部支撑条件包括市场需求规模、市场范围和市场交易效率。从解决支撑条件的途径提出我国第三方物流实现规模经济的发展策略。     

供给侧改革背景下新兴经济体发展现实比较及延伸思考

经济全球化促进了经济要素全球范围的广泛流动,也催生出了一些发展速度快、对全球影响较大的新兴经济体。研究发现:中国、巴西、俄罗斯、印度、南非这些新兴经济体的人均GDP在时间上发生了显著性变化,各个新兴经济体间的人均GDP也存在显著性差别。近十年间,中国经济增长基本保持了平稳状态,GDP的增长率波动不大,巴西、俄罗斯、印度以及南非经济增长波动均较大;中国与其他新兴经济体的货物与服务进出口、国外直接投资均没有显著的相关关系,彼此间影响也不明显。未来中国需要进一步优化产业结构,加强生态、制度环境建设,推动经济社会的全面进步;要加快新一轮高水平对外开放,拓展国际合作空间,建成开放型经济体;促进机会平等,走包容性经济增长之路,实现经济社会可持续发展。