Underpricing and IPO ownership retention

An agency-theory model of IPO management retention is presented and empirically explored. The model is based upon the differences between the investment public’s and underwriters’ fears of the consequences of management entrenchment and other agency problems. The model suggests that IPO underpricing should be a curvilinear hump-shaped function of retention. A large-sample empirical exploration verifies the curvilinear relation.     

The day of the week effect in IPO initial returns

Monday IPOs occur infrequently and have higher mean initial returns than those issued on other days. The latter result is not a product of outliers or penny stocks and remains after controlling for factors related to IPO underpricing. The Monday effect is generally robust across time, but during 1995–2003 is present only in IPOs with their first reported trade on their offer date. Volume patterns suggest Monday IPOs come to market later in the day, which has been linked to higher initial returns. We argue that the observed patterns are consistent with the incentives of underwriters and investors.     

Acquiring firms' stock returns: Methods of payment,change in leverage,and management ownership

This study examines the effects of the method of payment, change in leverage, and management equity ownership on the acquiring firm's stock returns around the initial announcement date of the merger. Results indicate that stockholders of mergers financed with stocks suffer significant losses. These losses are larger when management ownership is low and smaller in mergers that resulted in acquiring firm leverage decreases. Stockholders of acquiring firms involved in cash mergers gain significant abnormal returns, provided that acquiring firms increase their leverage and that managerial ownership is high. When management equity ownership is low, leverage has no effect on stock returns. When management ownership is high, mergers which resulted in acquiring firm leverage increases have significant positive effects, and those which resulted in acquiring firm leverage decreases have negative but insignificant effects.     

董秘财务背景与IPO定价:基于信息沟通的视角

IPO公司海量信息短时间涌入资本市场,加剧了信息不对称程度,导致IPO折价现象普遍存在.董秘作为IPO公司信息的发布者,在传递公司信息、缓解公司与市场之间信息不对称方面扮演着重要角色.本文选择我国创业板上市公司2009～2019年数据,考察财务背景董秘对IPO折价的影响.研究结果表明:财务背景的董秘显著降低了公司IPO...     

保荐人声誉与上市公司IPO表现

保荐人违规及上市公司业绩变脸等现象引发业界对保荐人声誉的关注和研究。保荐人的存在能否缓解投资者和发行方之间的信息不对称、保证投资者持有IPO质量较高的股票?声誉较高的保荐人所推荐的上市公司IPO表现是否会更加优异?本文以2004-2012年间1 060家上市公司为样本,以IPO折价为IPO表现的衡量指标,验证保荐人声誉对上市公司IPO折价的影响。研究结果表明,保荐人声誉对上市公司IPO折价产生一定影响。具体而言,保荐人经验值越高,所保荐公司IPO折价越低;如果保荐人或所在机构有被证监会处罚过的经历,所保荐公司IPO折价也会越低;但保荐人的其他特征,如性别、年龄、学历及从业背景,对所保荐公司IPO折价影响不大。     

龙光换标为IPO打下伏笔

发家于汕头,成就于泛珠三角,龙光地产发展的路径并无特别。但作为后来者,坚持市场化道路的龙光地产吸取他人精华,创建了独特的“快速流转”的经营模式,并实现快速发展,成为珠三角城市运营商中的新生代卓越代表。     

IPO、公司治理与企业价值——资本成本视角的理论综述

本文认为,首次公开发行上市(IPO)是企业生命周期中的里程碑。企业IPO行为改变了公司资本结构,通过资本结构对公司治理发生积极作用(融资机制、价格机制和并购机制),使得公司治理在经营者激励、信息披露、投资者保护等方面得到改善将提升企业价值,进而实现企业价值最大化的理财目标。     

百度上市猜想

李彦宏兑现了手中的股份之后是否会选择淡出的命运?握惯麦克风的原凤凰卫视主持人梁冬,此刻端坐在位于北京中关村的理想国际大厦19层,这是百度公司的新办公地点,身旁不时有服饰鲜艳的年轻人经过。印着百度LOGO的白T恤让梁冬显得更加轻松,他依旧是胖乎乎的,双手不时把玩着手机。     

Entrepreneurship: Origins and returns

We examine the origins and outcome of entrepreneurship on the basis of exceptionally comprehensive Norwegian matched worker-firm-owner data. In contrast to most existing studies, our notion of entrepreneurship not only comprises self-employment, but also employment in partly self-owned limited liability companies. Based on this extended entrepreneurship concept, we find that entrepreneurship tends to be profitable. It also raises income variability, but the most successful quartile gains much more than the least successful quartile loses. Key determinants of the decision to become an entrepreneur are occupational qualifications, family resources, gender, and work environments. Individual unemployment encourages, while aggregate unemployment discourages, entrepreneurship.     

Monday returns and asset pricing

The seasonal patterns observed on Monday stock returns are still unexplained by different asset pricing models. We attempt to fill this gap in the finance literature by using the Fama-French (Journal of Financial Economics 33:3–56, 1993) risk factors to explain the Monday seasonal. The results in the study show that Monday returns are explained by risk factors such as the market return, the size of the firms, and the book-to-market ratios of firms.     

Firm efficiency and stock returns

In this paper, we investigate the role of firm efficiency in asset pricing using a sample of US publicly listed companies for the period 1988–2007. We employ non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) on various input/output combinations, focusing on sales and market value as output measures in the construction of the frontier technologies. Using these performance measures, we examine whether efficient firms perform differently from inefficient firms following standard financial analysis procedures. First, we employ performance attribution regressions, by forming portfolios based on efficiency scores and tracking the performance of the various portfolios over time. Second, we perform cross-sectional/panel regressions to determine whether firm efficiency indeed has explanatory power for the cross-section of stock returns. Our results suggest that firm efficiency plays an important role in asset pricing and that efficient firms significantly outperform inefficient firms even after controlling for known risk factors.     

Credit ratings and long-term IPO performance

We examine the impact of credit ratings on long-term IPO pricing. Our findings suggest that the provision of credit ratings prior to IPO reduces information asymmetry and improves market efficiency. The increase in disclosure through credit ratings can reduce information risk and price discounts. IPOs with (without) credit ratings are less (more) underpriced and more positively (negatively) perceived by outside investors. The market reactions for rated IPOs are more immediate and more complete (as the result of improved transparency), while long-term performance is insignificant when information asymmetry is reduced.     

IPO research symposium review

The primary areas of IPO research are briefly reviewed. The five articles of this research symposium are placed within this body of research. The JEF editors indicate issues of particular interest for future IPO research submissions.     

安永何以成为全球最大IPO幕后推手

丑闻为何发生？如何应对中国本土竞争对手的壮大？是否让员工做“苦力”？安永中国区主席孙德基对以上质疑——做出了回应。[编者按]     

Corporate returns and cash conversion cycles

This study examines the relationship between profitability measures and management of ongoing liquidity needs for a large cross-section of firms over a twenty-year period. Long-run equilibrium relationships between the cash conversion cycle, a measure of ongoing liquidity management, and alternative measures of profitability are tested using both nonparametric and multiple regression analysis. Industry and size differences are controlled. While there are exceptions to the general finding for specific firms and for specific industries, the paper offers strong evidence that aggressive working-capital policies enhance profitability.     

Monetary policy and real estate returns

Previous research established that Federal Reserve monetary policy influences stock, bond, and other financial asset returns. This research extends past research and shows that similar patterns exist for real estate returns. We also provide evidence consistent with the contention that returns to underlying real estate are less sensitive than stock returns or securitized real estate returns to changes in monetary policy conditions. Investing in real estate may provide a hedge against changes in the monetary environment; however, investing in REITs represents an ineffective method to capture this benefit.     

Tax policy and returns to education

This paper considers how asymmetric tax treatment, where labour market earnings are taxed but household production is untaxed, affects educational choice and labour supply. We show that taxes on labour market earnings can generate a large (non-marginal) switch to home production and the ensuing deadweight losses are large. Using a cross-country panel, we find that gender differences in labour supply responses to tax policy can explain differences in aggregate labour supply and years of education across countries.     

信息不对称、行为金融与IPO抑价

证券市场IPO过程中,IPO长期弱势表现、火爆发行和IPO首日抑价是全球金融市场公认三大"未解之谜",其中IPO抑价最受国内外学者关注,一直是金融学领域的研究热点。对IPO抑价的研究诞生了许多有关IPO抑价的理论,其中以信息不对称和行为金融理论的研究居多。本文梳理两种理论的演绎路径并进行总结,发现结合两种理论来进行研究的文献较少,最后综合两种理论来解释IPO抑价问题,以期丰富IPO抑价理论的研究,对于我国完善新股发行体制也具有一定的借鉴意义。