情绪周期与股票收益——基于中国股票市场月相效应的检验

本文采用月相变化这一外生变量衡量投资者情绪的周期性波动,使研究避开了复杂的社会影响过程而专注于外生性的影响。研究发现,股票收益的运行轨迹与投资者情绪周期性波动的轨迹相同,即股票收益会随着投资者情绪的周期性波动而呈现出同样频率的循环性波动。这一现象无论在机构投资者重仓还是中小投资者重仓的股票中均存在,而机构投资者持股比例的增加可以减弱投资者情绪周期波动对决策行为的影响。股市周期作为一种经济环境的刺激变量,在牛、熊市下对投资者机体变量的作用不同,导致其反应变量出现不同程度的变化,在牛市阶段,投资者情绪周期波动对股票收益的影响更为强烈。与非周期性行业相比,投资于周期性行业时,决策所涉及的风险和不确定性更大,放大了情绪波动对于决策行为的作用,导致股票收益随投资者情绪周期性波动而循环性波动的现象在周期性行业中更为明显。     

中国股市个体投资者羊群行为影响因素分析

中国股市投资者表现出显著的羊群行为,心理因素是投资者羊群行为产生的主要原因,情绪、股票历史收益率和股票规模等也是影响投资者行为的重要因素。本文利用我国股市个体投资者交易数据,对影响投资者羊群行为的因素进行了实证研究,探讨了我国股市个体投资者羊群行为的特征。     

基于前景理论的中国股市“特质波动率之谜”研究

近年来,关于股市"特质波动率之谜"的研究众多,但尚未有一致的认识。本文运用行为金融学的思想,基于前景理论,从理论和实证两方面研究投资者行为是否对股票特质风险与预期收益的关系产生影响。通过二维分组法和横截面回归法实证发现:我国股市特质风险与预期收益间存在反向关系,并且这种反向关系在股票处于获利域时得到进一步加强,说明股票未实现的资本利得确实影响了特质风险与预期收益间的关系。本文结合我国股市发展现状合理解释了实证结果,有利于进一步深化对投资者行为的重要性的认识。     

投资者情绪、风险承担与股票收益

本文从整体投资者情绪和投资者情绪分歧两个维度,考察投资者情绪截面特征对股票定价的影响,并探究投资者情绪对股票定价的影响机制。一方面,分别使用投资者情绪横截面均值和方差表征整体投资者情绪和投资者情绪分歧,并构建同时包含整体投资者情绪和投资者情绪分歧的资产定价模型。另一方面,使用沪深A股上市公司2007—2020年面板数据,实证检验上述理论模型的结论。理论和实证研究表明,整体投资者情绪和投资者情绪分歧均显著正向影响股票收益,两者的交互作用负向影响股票收益;整体投资者情绪和投资者情绪分歧均显著提高风险承担水平,而风险承担水平的提高会增加股票收益,即风险承担在投资者情绪对股票收益的影响中起到了中介作用。     

全球投资者国别风险情绪对跨境股票资本流动的影响

本文分析了全球投资者国别风险情绪对跨境股票资本流动的影响,通过构造一般均衡跨期选择模型,刻画了投资者国别风险情绪负向影响跨境股票净资本流入的理论机理以及投资者风险厌恶程度的调节作用,并基于EPFR全球股票型基金微观数据和由大数据文本分析技术构造的全球投资者国别层面风险情绪指标进行实证检验。结果表明:第一,全球投资者对一国的国别风险情绪上升会推升该国的整体风险溢价水平,降低跨境股票型基金净资本流入,尤其是风险厌恶度较高的被动型、开放式和ETF基金;第二,一国金融市场成熟度上升和汇率弹性增强可以缓解全球投资者国别风险情绪对跨境股票型基金净资本流入的负向影响;第三,在全球风险情绪极端低或者各国股票型基金净资本流入极端高的时期,全球投资者国别风险情绪的影响更为显著。     

机构持股、特质风险与股票收益的实证研究

机构投资者的投资行为对股票市场的风险与收益产生了极大的影响,机构投资者的大量参与有助于股票市场的稳定、特质风险的分散以及超额收益的减少。文章选取机构投资者持股占股票市值比例这一指标来刻画机构投资者的行为,检验机构持股比例、特质风险和股票收益之间的关系。实证发现,在中国股市,特质风险与股票收益呈显著的正相关关系;机构大量持股有助于降低股票的特质风险;机构投资者持股比例越低的股票,特质风险越大,股票预期收益越高。     

投资者情绪与股票收益率变化——基于沪深300指数

投资者情绪对于活跃股票市场具有积极作用,同时也影响着股票市场的收益率。以沪深300指数为主要研究对象,选取2013～2022年日度数据,通过构建日度投资者情绪指数,研究其对股票收益率的影响。研究发现：第一,中国股票市场的投资者情绪可以显著提升股票的收益率;第二,在短期内,这种正向作用会加强,但在中长期,投资者的情绪对股票收益的影响将逐渐减弱,甚至出现反转现象,并且在利用替换变量、调整样本期、控制宏观经济变量之后结果依然稳健。此项研究有助于理解股市中情绪效应的特征及机理,为构建更为符合中国股民的投资者情绪指数提供一个新的视角。     

不同股市周期下的基金业绩—资金流量关系:基于中国开放式股票型基金面板数据的研究北大核心

本文以2004—2014年中国开放式股票型基金为研究对象,从股市周期的角度探讨投资者申购和赎回基金的影响因素和"赎回异象"。实证结果表明:在不区分市场周期的情况下,开放式股票型基金的资金流量和历史业绩总体呈正相关关系,投资者表现为追逐业绩而相对忽视风险。不同股市周期下的投资者选择呈现出不对称性,即在牛市期间基金投资者表现为追逐基金历史业绩,在熊市期间表现为对基金历史业绩不敏感。     

不同股市周期下的基金业绩—资金流量关系:基于中国开放式股票型基金面板数据的研究

本文以2004—2014年中国开放式股票型基金为研究对象,从股市周期的角度探讨投资者申购和赎回基金的影响因素和"赎回异象"。实证结果表明:在不区分市场周期的情况下,开放式股票型基金的资金流量和历史业绩总体呈正相关关系,投资者表现为追逐业绩而相对忽视风险。不同股市周期下的投资者选择呈现出不对称性,即在牛市期间基金投资者表现为追逐基金历史业绩,在熊市期间表现为对基金历史业绩不敏感。     

中国股市的崩盘系统性风险与投资者行为偏好

股价崩盘作为金融市场上普遍存在并且具有广泛影响力的极端现象,对股票的定价产生了至关重要的作用。本文主要研究我国股市中股票的崩盘系统性风险,研究发现:(1)股票的崩盘系统性风险与预期收益率显著正相关,并且对冲组合可以获得8.86%的年化收益;(2)投资者的博彩型股票偏好和吉祥数字偏好都会显著影响崩盘系统性风险与预期收益率之间的关系。本文的研究对于进行投资决策、风险管理以及理解投资者行为都具有参考意义。     

Investor Sentiment and the Closed‐end Fund Puzzle: Out‐of‐sample Evidence

In this paper we examine the proposition that small investor sentiment, measured by the change in the discount/premium on closed‐end funds, is an important factor in stock returns. We conduct an out‐of‐sample test of the investor sentiment hypothesis in a market environment that is more likely to be prone to investor sentiment than the USA. We fail to provide supporting evidence for the claim of Lee et al. (1991) that investor sentiment affects the risk of common stocks. Consistent with Elton et al. (1998) , who show that investor sentiment does not enter the return generating process, our tests do not detect investor sentiment in a capital market that is more susceptible to small investor sentiment. Our results provide additional support against the claim that investor sentiment represents an independent and systematic asset pricing risk.     

Investor climate sentiment and financial markets

We propose to measure investor climate sentiment by performing sentiment analysis on StockTwits posts on climate change and global warming. In financial markets, stocks of emission (carbon-intensive) firms underperform clean (low-emission) stocks when investor climate sentiment is more positive. We document investors overreaction to climate change risk and reversal in longer horizons. Salient but uninformative climate change events, such as the release of a report on climate change and abnormal weather events, facilitate the investor learning process and correction of the mispricing.     

Institutional trading,investor sentiment,and lottery-like stock preferences

This paper explores the time-varying institutional investor preference for lottery-like stocks. On average, institutional investor holdings reflect an aversion to lottery-like stocks. However, I find that an institutions’ aversion to lottery-like stocks is reduced when investor sentiment is low. Moreover, I find that during low sentiment periods, institutional investors have abnormally high trading profits in more positively skewed stocks. These results suggest that institutions reduce their aversion toward lottery-like stocks during low sentiment periods to profitably trade in lottery-like stocks.     

The sentiment premium and macroeconomic announcements

Limits to arbitrage imply that market-wide investor sentiment should be a priced factor in the US equity market. While previous studies (Baker and Wurgler in J Financ 61:1645–1680, 2006) focus on the factor loading on market-wide investor sentiment, we study its factor premium in the present paper. This is important, because both factor loadings and premiums are required to estimate expected returns on stocks, which are essential for capital budgeting, portfolio evaluation, investment, and risk analysis decisions. If overpricing is more prevalent than underpricing (Stambaugh et al. in J Financ Econ 104:288–302, 2012), the premium on market-wide investor sentiment should be negative. Furthermore, the sentiment premium should be particularly significant on days without macroeconomic announcements, because there is a lack of information about the state of the economy at such times. We test these hypotheses in this paper, and find supporting evidence. Our findings have important theoretical as well as practical implications.     

Investor sentiment and the risk–return relation: A two-in-one approach

Traditional finance theory posits a positive risk–return relation, but empirical evidence is inconclusive. Retail investor sentiment has long been viewed as a distorting factor, while more recently institutional investor sentiment is thought to play a role. We examine the separate and joint impacts of retail and institutional investor sentiments on the risk-return relation. We find, at both market and firm levels, the risk-return relation is more likely to be distorted by the two investor-type sentiments jointly, rather than separately. We further find a cross-sectional pattern, with the risk-return relation being more sensitive to investor sentiment for stocks with specific characteristics.     

Banks, Bears, and the Financial Crisis

We test whether short selling is destabilizing comparing distressed financial firms to other firms using NYSE transactions records covering 4 years including the recent financial crisis. Aggressive short-selling is sometimes destabilizing by some measures, but its impact is small, vanishes quickly, is not necessarily larger for distressed firms or during the crisis, and is accompanied by other stabilizing effects. The evidence does not validate theoretical predictions from models of destabilizing speculative or predatory trading. Aggregate short-selling is largely unrelated to market-wide investor sentiment, credit risk, and ex ante volatility. Aggressive liquidation of long positions typically has more impact than short selling. Thus, the data cannot justify the restrictions on short sales of financial stocks imposed in September 2008.     

中国个人投资者处置效应研究——一个非理性信念的视角

处置效应是指投资者过早卖出盈利股票而长期持有亏损股票的现象。大量文献表明金融市场投资者存在显著的处置效应,但其产生的原因和机理存在争议。本文在前景理论框架下,构建了包含投资者非理性预期的离散时间投资组合决策模型,发现处置效应随投资者情绪升高而减弱。本文使用我国某券商2007—2009年近177万个人投资者股票账户的交易数据进行了实证分析,得到与理论模型预测的一致结果,即投资者情绪与投资者处置效应之间呈现显著的负相关关系。而且,受情绪影响,投资者处置效应在估值难度较大的股票中更弱。本文结论对理解投资者处置效应、优化投资者卖出决策和加强资本市场基础制度建设具有一定理论和实践意义。     

Retail Investor Sentiment and Return Comovements

Using a database of more than 1.85 million retail investor transactions over 1991–1996, we show that these trades are systematically correlated—that is, individuals buy (or sell) stocks in concert. Moreover, consistent with noise trader models, we find that systematic retail trading explains return comovements for stocks with high retail concentration (i.e., small‐cap, value, lower institutional ownership, and lower‐priced stocks), especially if these stocks are also costly to arbitrage. Macroeconomic news and analyst earnings forecast revisions do not explain these results. Collectively, our findings support a role for investor sentiment in the formation of returns.     

Local sports sentiment and returns of locally headquartered stocks: A firm-level analysis

We undertake a firm-level analysis of the relation between National Football League (NFL) game outcomes and the return patterns of Nasdaq firms headquartered geographically near the NFL teams. We find that a team's loss leads to lower next-day returns for locally headquartered stocks and that this impact increases for a surprising loss or a critical game loss. The negative effects of game losses are stronger for stocks that are more vulnerable to shifts in sports sentiment. Our results suggest that the game outcomes of local sports teams influence investor sentiment, which significantly affects the returns of localized trading stocks.     

Investor Sentiment and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns

We study how investor sentiment affects the cross‐section of stock returns. We predict that a wave of investor sentiment has larger effects on securities whose valuations are highly subjective and difficult to arbitrage. Consistent with this prediction, we find that when beginning‐of‐period proxies for sentiment are low, subsequent returns are relatively high for small stocks, young stocks, high volatility stocks, unprofitable stocks, non‐dividend‐paying stocks, extreme growth stocks, and distressed stocks. When sentiment is high, on the other hand, these categories of stock earn relatively low subsequent returns.