供应链信息集成下的石化企业采购管理优化

采购工作是石化企业的基本工作内容,同时也是内部控制管理的工作重点,其采购管理工作水平对于企业自身的经济效益以及持续发展将会产生深远影响。针对石化企业的生产运营模式特点,进行采购管理的相关问题进行探讨,有助于促进企业可持续发展目标的实现。供应链信息集成模式将企业放置于完整的供应链体系中,与供应商之间形成更为紧密的衔接与合作关系,彼此之间形成合作信息的共享,以获得更为高效的供应服务,同时通过信息集成体现供应采购管理的标准化,提升管理工作效能。文章通过分析石化企业采购管理优化的重要意义、供应链信息集成技术在石化企业采购管理工作中的应用、供应链信息集成下的石化企业采购管理优化策略,旨在促进石化企业采购管理工作水平的提高。     

供应链模式下降低物资采购风险的对策

采购风险是指在物资采购过程中由于各种意外情况的出现，使采购的实际结果与预期目标相偏离的程度及可能性。现代供应链采购模式与传统采购模式相比，不管是运作手段还是操作方式都发生了巨大变化，其采购风险也增加了许多。因此，研究供应链采购模式下规避物资采购风险的规律十分必要。     

物资集采的风险防范

施工企业物资采购模式的先进性与科学性是企业经济效益的重要表现之。面对挑战和机遇以及严峻的市场竞争，集中采购以其整合采购资源、优化供应链、降低采购成本等优势成为了大型施工企业应用并不断探索完善的采购模式。因此，关注集中采购实施重点，做好风险防范才能更好地提高企业经济运行质量。     

开滦集团坑木采购模式探析

开滦集团物流发展方向为：第三方物流、逆向物流、供应链管理、电子商务系统和煤炭专业物流。传统的物资供应管理模式特别是大宗物资采购模式应结合现代物流理念进行优化,以适应集团物流产业的快速发展。文章对坑木采购模式进行分析,以期在供应链管理方面进行探索实践。     

物资管理信息化建设的实践与应用

为适应物资统一采购后的业务流程重组和优化,建立全过程采购规范,加速全院物资信息资源共享,通过开展以协同供应链系统为平台、以研究院管理要求为依托的物资管理信息化建设工作,完成了分散式向集中式采购模式的转型,实现了以协同供应链系统为平台、"三库"数据为基础、统一编码为规范的物资管理信息化基础平台的建设和应用。     

电网企业：全生命周期的供应链管理

电网企业采购及供应链管理应用现状 随着企业管理现代化的推进和激烈的行业竞争，采购及供应链管理已经从原来的支持性职能条线演变成影响企业业绩和发展的战略职能条线。国外一些知名的电力企业，如意大利国家电力公司、西班牙电力、得克萨斯电力等，在采购及供应链管理的战略层面和执行操作层面都作出了持续改善和重大变革。一些运营水平比较突出的国内电力企业，也逐渐认识到了优化采购及供应链管理体系的重要性，     

煤炭企业物资供应链集成管理和创新

社会经济不断发展,政府部门愈发重视煤炭企业发展,针对煤炭企业发展制定了各种相关政策,为煤炭企业发展打下坚实基础。物资采购作为煤炭企业的重要工作环节,煤炭管理者要合理利用供应链管理理念,提升企业物资采购效率,控制物资采购成本,给煤炭企业带来不菲的经济效益。基于此,本文通过阐述供应链管理和采购管理,使采购人员真正意识到供应链管理模式对企业物资采购的重要性,基于供应链物资管理现状提出构建新型多层级一体化物资管理模式,确保整个企业物资管理的合理性。     

建立灵活的工程采购模式体系

工程采购模式本质上是建筑市场的交易方式。不同的工程采购模式有不同的特点和适用范围。针对不同类型的工程建设项目应该有不同的工程采购模式与之对应。然而由于中国长期计划经济的影响，建筑市场的发育显得比较迟缓，还没有形成灵活的工程采购模式体系。我国的工程实践中绝大多数工程建设项目使用的是施工总承包的工程采购模式。目前的建设法律法规很大程度上也是基于施工总承包的工程采购模式。这种局面大大阻碍了我国建筑市场的发展和完善。如果不迅速建立起灵活的工程采购模式体系，将使得中国的建筑业无法与国际接轨，从而降低我国建筑业在国际竞争、合作中的效率和效益。目前妨碍建立灵活的工程采购模式体系的最大因素是工程采购模式的制度环境，也即与工程采购模式紧密相关的投资建设体制。因此迅速地清理、修改有关法律法规以及有关的规定以建立适应市场经济规律和WTO规则的工程采购模式的制度环境显得十分紧迫。     

试论企业物资采购的电子商务化与传统方式的区别及优势

物资采购是企业物资供应链中的重要环节，尤其是生产资料的采购关系到企业能否正常生产及生产成本和赢利水平。近年来，随着IT业和信息网络的迅猛发展，物资采购的实现方式正在由面对面的传统采购模式转向新型的电子商务交易方式。当然，由传统采购向电了采购转变的过程并非一蹴而就。直到20世纪七十年代，采购买卖     

企业物流的采购管理模式浅谈

一、物流管理下的采购模式在物流管理下企业的采购方式和传统的采购方式有所不同。采购活动是以订单驱动方式进行的 ,生产部门制造订单是在用户需求订单的驱动下产生的 ,然后 ,生产部门制造订单驱动采购订单 ,采购订单再驱动供应商 ,这种准时化的订单驱动模式 ,使供应链系统得以准时响应用户的需求 ,从而降低了库存成本 ,提高了物流的速度和库存周转率。而传统的采购模式 ,采购的目的是为了补充库存 ,采购部门并不关心企业的生产过程 ,不了解生产的进度和产品需求的变化 ,因此采购过程缺乏主动性 ,采购部门制定的采购计划也比较单纯 ,很难适…     

加入WTO对我国医药工业的影响及对策

我国医药工业在加入WTO之后受到的冲击，可能没有一般理论分析所预期的那样大。主要原因是开放程度较高和市场竞争的锻炼使医药工业企业具备了较强的国际竞争力，同时外资企业对进口药品将起较大的抵制作用。这种情况突出地表现在被人们认为国际差距较大的化学药品制剂行业。与此相反的是，一般认为具有比较优势的中药制药工业却面临着新的挑战。以往市场保护度较高的医药器械工业在加入WTO之后也会受到较大的冲击。研究表明，外资企业的迅速发展对我国医药工业增强国际竞争力起了重要的作用，而受进口产品冲击较小的行业，受外资企业的影响则相应较大。     

Sourcing strategies of U.S. service companies: a modified transaction–cost analysis

Global procurement of services has been receiving an increasing amount of managerial attention in recent years. Service firms seem to have begun sourcing part of their service activities from abroad in much the same way as manufacturing firms have sourced components and finished goods in the past 30 years. However, little is known about the nature of service sourcing strategy. In this study, we employ a modified transaction–cost analysis to examine empirically the locational (domestic vs. global sourcing) and the ownership (internal vs. external sourcing) aspects of service sourcing strategy. In addition, performance implications on both the locational and ownership aspects of service sourcing are investigated. The results show that, similar to components and finished goods procurement, supplementary services are sourced globally, either internally or externally. Furthermore, the relationship between asset specificity and internal sourcing of supplementary services is moderated by the level of inseparability and transaction frequency. Finally, internal sourcing and foreign sourcing of supplementary services are negatively related to a service’s market performance. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

谈我国医药出口走出绿色壁垒的困境

本文基于目前我国医药出口面临的绿色壁垒的现状,采用数字对比、案例分析等方法,旨在分析绿色贸易壁垒对我国医药出口的多层次影响,结合实际情况,分别从政府和企业这两个不同的角度对我国医药出口面临的绿色贸易壁垒提出建议。     

Group purchasing, nonlinear tariffs, and oligopoly

Loyalty discounts are nonlinear tariffs that condition rebates or marginal prices on meeting aggregate purchase or market share targets. These discounts are widespread, and are often the impetus for consumers to form buying groups, or group purchase organizations (GPOs). This paper models the competitive effects of the introduction of a GPO into a market within which the preferences of the GPO's members are horizontally differentiated. While nonlinear tariffs are an effective way for a monopolist to extract consumer surplus, when two suppliers compete using such schedules, the results are far more competitive in comparison to simple Bertrand–Nash competition with linear tariffs. This result holds when the product of each of the suppliers is attractive to a substantial portion of consumers. In our model, the nonlinear schedule puts all customers “in play” to a degree that contrasts sharply with the competition at the margin characteristic of constant per unit prices. Moreover, competing in nonlinear tariffs removes allocative inefficiency that can result from single price competition.     

Public Procurement Auctions and Competition in Turkey

This paper empirically investigates the effect of the competitive environment (number of participants) on the cost of procurement. We use a unique dataset provided by the Public Procurement Authority (PPA) of Turkey that covers all of the government procurement auctions for the years 2004–2006. First, after controlling for possible endogeneity, we show that the number of bidders significantly and negatively affects the procurement price. Thus, the existence of a more competitive environment significantly decreases procurement costs in Turkey. Second, when auctions are open to foreign participation, the auction price tends to be lower. Finally, prices in services and goods sectors are more sensitive to changes in the number of bidders than is true for the construction sector. The results of this paper have several policy implications for e-procurement and efficient procurement design.     

浅析石油企业压力表采购质量控制途径

作为高危石油企业,压力表在防范事故、保障人身和财产安全中发挥了重要的作用,所以压力表的质量控制不容忽视。对近5年来采购的压力表质量抽查情况进行分析,结合石油企业实际生产情况,从5个方面总结了压力表出现质量问题的原因。认为从压力表采购的关键环节进行采购质量控制是一种有效的途径。首先深入了解生产企业的基本情况,认真签订采购合同。加强与生产厂供需合作,必要时组织人员对供应商进行质量保证能力检查或验证。利用质量统计技术方法,加强进货检验和质量分析。加强压力表的存储、运输和使用监管,并对现场使用情况进行质量追踪,确保压力表采购质量。     

An optimization approach to business buyer choice sets: How many suppliers should be included?

In many new or repeat purchasing situations, business buyers must decide how many suppliers to consider (a “choice set”) in determining which supplier(s) to actually buy from or contract with. This paper develops an optimization approach to determining the size of the choice set, taking into consideration buyer utility and search and evaluation costs. A theoretical model is developed for both one-time and repeat purchase situations. The model is estimated using empirical data received from bids received for procurement auctions. In these auctions, suppliers provide bids for steel pipe based on two product attributes (price and delivery time). Model sensitivity to small changes in parameters is also tested.     

我国企业人力资源管理模式与所有制类型之间的关系研究

本文通过比较分析发现传统国有企业与民营企业在人力资源管理的基础工作和企业内部程序公平两个方面都显著落后于外资企业,传统国有企业在工作组织方式和外部人才引进两个方面都显著落后于民营企业与外资企业。进一步分析发现我国企业人力资源管理模式内部政策措施之间存在着结构性失调现象,揭示出我国企业人力资源管理模式与所有制性质之间的关系反映了权变主义和制度环境的联合影响。     

Foreign Ownership,Competition, and Survival Dynamics

The impact of foreign direct investment on host countries’ industrial sectors has received considerable attention. It is shown by many researchers that foreign plants are more productive than are domestic ones, but the empirical evidence regarding spillovers is not unambiguous. In this paper, we suggest that the impact of foreign direct investment on local industry hinges on the dynamics of foreign and domestic plants—i.e., on entry and selection (exit) processes. Our analysis of foreign investment and competition dynamics in Turkish manufacturing industry for the period 1983–2001 indicates that foreign plants have a better performance level than do domestic ones when they are first established in the local market, and, subsequently, are more likely to survive but; the difference in survival probabilities disappears when the industry and/or plant characteristics are controlled for. Moreover, foreign presence seems to have no long-term effect on the survival prospects of domestic plants.      

Do Foreign and Domestic Venture Capital Firms Differ in Their Monitoring of Investees?

This paper addresses an important omission in the venture capital literature by comparing the monitoring behavior of foreign and domestic venture capital firms (VCs). Evidence from 31 VCs in India (84% response) shows foreign VCs were significantly more likely than domestic VCs to be involved at the strategic level while domestic VCs were significantly more active at the operational level. Foreign VCs placed significantly more emphasis on restrictions on additional borrowings. Domestic VCs placed significantly more emphasis on specifying certain accounting policies while foreign VCs placed significantly more emphasis on monthly management accounts. Domestic VCs place significantly more emphasis on industry specialist board membership.