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我国出口商品结构优化:进展、机理与对策——基于1980~2008年数据的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过3个层次的评价,得出结论认为,1980~2008年期间,我国出口商品结构沿着资源密集型商品→劳动密集型商品→资本和技术密集型商品的路径在优化,资本和技术密集型商品出口占比已超过劳动密集型商品,但优化的程度不显著,出口制成品的技术和质量水平以及自主发展高新技术产品出口的能力尚需提高.发挥后发优势、发挥比较优势和利用外商直接投资是我国出口商品结构优化的三大机理.提出了进一步优化我国出口商品结构的对策:转向原始创新为主的产业技术成长路经,在更高层次上发挥后发优势;优化和提高劳动力资源结构,在更高层次上发挥比较优势;完善利用FDI的政策. 相似文献
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通过对新日铁2005—2008年在韩国、中国、欧洲专利局(EPO)、加拿大、印度、美国和澳大利亚公开的发明专利进行整理、归纳和分类,简述新日铁在国外公开发明专利的主要内容及其分布特点,指出该公司在国外申请公开专利的策略针对性强,在具体专利内容上各有侧重。建议国内钢铁企业借鉴新日铁申请国外专利经验,在国际钢铁贸易中保护自身利益。 相似文献
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近日,由大唐岩滩水电公司申报的《大型支墩搬运小推车》、《大型直缸式接力器分解安装平台》、《混流式水轮机转轮螺栓拉伸支架》、《组合式机械阀门操作杆》4项成果被国家知识产权局授予了实用新型专利。截至目前,该公司已有6项成果取得国家实用新型专利授权,实现了专利授权的跨越式发展,标志着该公司的自主研发能力迈上了,一个新台阶。 相似文献
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专利战略已经成为企业生存和发展的重要保障。防御型专利战略是打破竞争对手技术垄断的关键。研究我国企业如何运用防御型专利战略,抵御国外企业的专利进攻,开拓自己的市场,具有十分重要的现实意义 相似文献
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目前,我国的大部分药企采取以生产仿制药为主的经营模式,以低利润的简单叠加来谋求发展,所仿制的大部分为专利到期的专利药。但一份专利的保护期满并非就意味着其产品就可以任意仿制,盲目仿制还是会存在侵权风险的。我国药企需要降低所要投产的仿制药侵犯他人专利权的风险。首先,从国内市场来看,在选择所要投产的仿制药品时,一定要对相关技术的专利申请/专利权分布进行充分的检索,对相关技术的专利申请/专利权进行专业的分析。在充分检索和专业分析的基础上,明确所要投产的仿制药品的侵权风险。其次,从国际市场来看,对于准备出口海外的仿制药品,在进行与国内市场同样的准备的同时,还需要注意所出口国专利制度的特殊规定。 相似文献
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为研发而申请专利还是为专利申请而研发 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
在传统的“为研发而申请专利”的逻辑下,专利仅仅是研发活动的结果和表现.其战略重要性被明显低估。产业垂直分工和知识型企业的大量涌现表明,专利申请动机已明显地从防御性技术保护向进攻性价值创造转变:专利被视作有形化的知识商品从幕后走上前台成为企业和国家竞相争夺的焦点:对专利认识也正像市场营销理念那样从供应导向观向需求导向观转变。为此.本文提出以“为专利申请而研发”作为逻辑起点的新的专利战略概念框架。 相似文献
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专利竞争优势的理论探源 总被引:19,自引:1,他引:19
目前,专利问题不再仅仅是留给律师和工程师们的技术性工作,更应成为高层经理们制定战略时考虑的关键内容,但专利战略管理的理论研究还不够深入。本文认为垄断与创新,这个专利系统不得不面临的悖论难题却使专利竞争优势具有多种租金性质和存在一定的时空范围,也造就了专利竞争的立体性、多维性和复杂性。这不仅突出了开展专利战略管理研究的必要性和重要性。也为专利的差异化战略设计提供巨大空间和丰富的理论源泉。 相似文献
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系统分析了国内外清洁油品领域的专利发展轨迹、技术创新主体、技术发展趋势以及该领域的专利申请人技术布局,对比中国清洁油品领域的专利保护现状,分析该领域的关键技术、专利布局等方面的问题与差距。 相似文献
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为了深入了解语音情感识别领域的技术发展状况,采取定量与定性交叉融合的分析方式,对当今语音情感识别领域相关专利的申请态势、技术发展脉络、申请国别、主要申请人等进行了多角度的分析和探讨。结果表明,在语音情感识别技术的发展进程中,中国虽然起步较晚,但发展速度很快,已逐渐赶超美、日、韩等发达国家;中国大部分专利还处于科研阶段,距大规模商业化尚有一定距离。另外,中国语音情感识别领域还有很多技术空白点,亟待专利布局,因此,中国的科研院校与企业应积极合作,发挥各自优势,以市场为导向,提高语音情感识别技术的市场竞争力。同时,要进一步加大对语音情感识别技术基础要件的科研力度,并勇于探索更尖端的技术领域。研究结果不仅可作为语音情感识别领域科研人员确定研究方向的依据,还可为政府和企业的规划决策提供参考。 相似文献
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Gaétan De Rassenfosse Paul H. Jensen T'Mir Julius Alfons Palangkaraya Elizabeth Webster 《The Journal of industrial economics》2023,71(1):124-142
The patent system underpins the business model of some of the fastest-growing companies. Used appropriately, it should support frontier technologies and nurture new firms. Used perniciously, it can stifle innovation and protect established technological behemoths. We analyze patent examination decisions at the American, European, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese patent offices and find evidence that patent attorneys have a surprisingly significant role in the patent system. Our results suggest that some forces within the examination system maintain the uneven playing field by allocating monopoly rights to inventors with better access to influential attorneys, rather than leveling it by favoring inventors with better, nonobvious ideas. Attorney quality is most important, vis-à-vis invention quality, in less codified and more rapidly changing technology areas such as software and ICT. 相似文献
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Research Summary : We propose using text matching to measure the technological similarity between patents. Technology experts from different fields validate the new similarity measure and its improvement on measures based on the United States Patent Classification System, and identify its limitations. As an application, we replicate prior findings on the localization of knowledge spillovers by constructing a case–control group of text‐matched patents. We also provide open access to the code and data to calculate the similarity between any two utility patents granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office between 1976 and 2013, or between any two patent portfolios. Managerial Summary : We propose using text matching to measure the technological similarity between patents. The method can be used by various practitioners such as inventors, attorneys, patent examiners, and managers to search for closely related prior art, to assess the novelty of a patent, to identify R&D opportunities in less crowded areas, to detect in‐ or out‐licensing opportunities, to map companies in technology space, and to find acquisition targets. We use an expert panel to validate the improvement of the new similarity measure on measures based on the United States Patent Classification System, and provide open access to the code and data to calculate the similarity between any two utility patents granted by the USPTO between 1976 and 2013, or between any two patent portfolios. 相似文献
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专利联盟:战略联盟研究的新领域 总被引:41,自引:4,他引:41
专利联盟是基于专利许可而组成的一种战略联盟形式。本文在对专利联盟相关概念和对美国专利联盟历史回顾的基础上,从专利垄断、交易成本和资源基础理论等角度,综述了专利联盟的理论研究及其研究中存在的不足。本文指出,加强专利联盟的研究对于正处在技术追赶阶段的我国企业参与全球竞争具有十分重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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When the Trade Practices Act came into operation in 1974, Australian executives, for whom price-fixing had previously been commonplace, faced the prospect of having to abandon their usual methods of doing business. However, with no criminal penalties and a maximum monetary penalty of 250,000 (changed to250,000 (changed to 10m only in 1993), and with little social antagonism towards cartels, there were no significant incentives for firms to act independently. Yet while relatively few major price-fixing cases have been instituted, and no defendant has paid a major monetary penalty, there nevertheless has been a change in business attitudes towards price-fixing. It is not easy to provide a systematic characterization of either the products, firms, markets or justifications which have featured in these cases. To avoid being found guilty in the absence of smoking gun evidence, the courts have established that firms need only show that their behavior was consistent with ordinary commercial conduct.We are grateful to Rod Williams for his helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. 相似文献