减税对经济增长的提振效应及其作用机制——基于增值税转型的研究

减税是稳定和提振经济增长的重要举措，明确减税在何种程度上提振经济增长及其作用机制是优化减税政策的关键。本文利用增值税转型政策的全面实施，评估和分析了减税提振经济增长的乘数效应，并利用该政策对不同行业实际减税力度的差异以及地区事前产业结构的差异，对不同地区所受的减税冲击进行度量，发现减税显著提振了地区经济增长。结合减税拉动受益企业增长的直接效应与减税通过产业关联产生的间接效应，本文估计减税的地区乘数在3.5左右。进一步考虑地区间的溢出效应，将地区减税乘数拓展为全国乘数，估计得到减税的全国乘数在3左右。本文还考察了减税提振经济增长的作用渠道，发现以增值税转型为代表的资本性减税对地区经济增长的提振作用主要是通过政策带动固定资产投资增长的方式实现，政策拉动就业和促进消费的作用较为微弱。     

数字经济、绿色技术创新与城市绿色发展效率——基于空间关联视角的分析

数字经济和绿色技术创新是新时代中国实现绿色高质量发展的双轮驱动力。本文使用2011～2021年我国285个地级市的面板数据,基于动态空间杜宾模型,实证考察数字经济发展对城市绿色发展效率的影响,并识别其中的绿色技术创新驱动机制。研究发现：各城市绿色发展效率在时间维度上存在着较强的警示效应,在空间维度上则表现出明显的溢出效应;数字经济能同时推动本地与空间关联地区绿色发展效率的提升,这一作用在长期与短期均显著,在一系列稳健性检验后该结论仍然成立。异质性分析表明,数字经济对绿色发展效率的直接效应与间接效应会受到城市资源禀赋差异与创新绩效差异的显著影响。机制分析表明,数字经济能够通过引导绿色技术创新方向、扩大绿色技术创新规模、提高绿色技术创新质量来改善本地绿色发展效率,而其空间溢出效应在当前阶段主要通过绿色技术创新的方向引导来实现。     

发挥效率工资在改善企业管理方面的"乘数效应"

本文通过对效率工资作用机理的分析和"乘数效应"的外延化表述,结合军工类研究所当前暴露出的问题,阐述了效率工资制在改善研究所内部管理上能发挥出"乘数效应",并提出了效率工资发挥作用的条件,以此建议研究所改革应从薪酬制度改革入手,引入效率工资制,创造条件发挥其"乘数效应",从而达到整体管理绩效的提高.     

技术创新与城市经济增长波动——基于我国15 个副省级城市面板数据的实证研究

本文以熊彼特增长理论和经济周期理论为指导, 以我国 15 个副省级城市 2000～2017年的面板数据构建变截距模型和控制地区因素的变系数模型, 实证了城市技术创新对城市经济增长波动的影响,并分析其内在作用机制。 结果显示, 城市技术创新的波动与城市经济增长波动之间存在稳定的负向关系, 表明技术创新对城市经济增长波动具有熨平效应。 这种效应通过市场机制发挥作用, 由城市经济结构决定, 预示着持续的技术创新是获得城市稳定经济增长的关键, 调整优化经济结构是获得创新能力的有效途径。     

中国电信发展对经济增长的乘数效应溢出效应和扩散效应计量检验

中国电信发展取得了令人瞩目的巨大成绩,对电信发展与经济增长的关系进行研究有着重要意义.本文提出了电信对经济增长具有乘数效应、溢出效应和扩散效应,并进行了计量检验,最后,提出对于中国的区域电信的发展不平衡现状的研究作为未来的研究工作是十分必要.     

长江中游城市群产业集聚、 技术创新与经济增长——基于异质产业集聚与协同集聚视角

本文以长江中游城市群31个地级市为例, 运用系统GMM方法实证分析产业集聚、产业集聚与技术创新的关联效应对经济增长的影响。研究结果表明： 制造业集聚与技术创新形成有效互动, 并促进区域经济增长; 生产性服务业集聚对区域经济增长存在抑制作用, 且不能通过与技术创新的互动对区域经济增长产生影响; 协同集聚经济效应的发挥更加依赖当地技术创新能力的高低, 只有当技术创新能力达到一定水平时, 协同集聚对区域经济增长的影响为正, 若低于这一水平, 协同集聚会抑制区域经济增长。     

国际贸易与内生经济增长——基于 DGE 理论分析与实证检验

本文基于开放条件下的内生经济增长理论,构建居民、贸易与非贸易企业三部门的动态一般均衡理论分析框架,演绎了出口贸易、消费品与中间产品进口贸易以及加工贸易对经济增长的效应及其内生作用机理,并采用动态面板数据模型GMM估计方法予以实证检验。研究发现,消费品进口贸易对经济增长具有相同单位的边际制约效应;出口贸易通过直接与间接拉动效应以及收入效应促进经济增长,中间产品进口贸易与加工贸易通过直接与间接推动效应以及收入效应促进经济增长;另外,出口贸易与加工贸易促进经济增长还存在“乘数”现象。本文的发现对于我国经济发展“新常态”背景下的贸易政策改革与创新具有启示意义。     

地方政府债务、异质性环境规制与绿色技术创新——基于247个城市的面板数据分析

本文基于2011～2021年我国247个地级及以上城市的面板数据,实证检验了地方政府债务对绿色技术创新的影响,并探索了异质性环境规制在其中起到的中介效应。研究发现：(1)地方政府债务对绿色技术创新存在总体的促进作用;(2)从机制来看,地方政府债务通过削弱指导性环境规制、增强处罚性环境规制倒逼企业等主体促进绿色技术创新;(3)产业结构升级以及数字经济水平均对地方政府债务影响绿色技术创新存在正向的调节效应。     

技术创新扩散效应测度研究

技术创新是促进经济增长的原动力,因此关于技术创新扩散效应测度的研究日益受到重视.本文利用投入产出模型,给出了各产业的工艺创新扩散效应和产品创新扩散效应的测度方法并加以实证分析,为政府制定宏观决策提供依据.     

数字经济对煤炭企业高质量发展的关系研究——一个有调节的中介模型

以2012—2021年中国沪深A股煤炭企业为研究对象,实证检验宏观数字经济水平与微观煤炭企业高质量发展之间的关系,并进一步揭示绿色技术创新的中介传导和区域数字金融的调节效应机制。研究表明:区域数字经济可通过显著促进煤炭企业进行绿色技术创新,进而提高企业的高质量发展水平,且数字金融能强化中介效应的后半路径,即正向调节绿色技术创新对煤炭企业高质量发展的影响。结论为煤炭企业通过数字创新实现绿色转型,推动企业绿色高质量发展提供理论拓展和实践参考。     

Technological and non-technological innovations,performance and propensity to innovate across industries: The case of an emerging economy

Innovation in a firm may be non-technological, such as organizational and marketing innovation, and technological, such as product and process innovation. The aim of this article is to explore how different types of innovation affect the innovation development of the firm across industries. We chose Chile as an emerging market context. Our results show that only product innovations affect significantly innovation performance across industries. However, different types of propensities to innovate are affected differently by technological and non-technological innovations. We discuss implications for managers and policy makers in emerging economies, in which data tends to be scarce to develop new policy models and increase the effect of non-technological innovation on innovative performance.     

Explorative search for a high‐impact innovation: the role of technological status in the global pharmaceutical industry

Extant studies suggest that the potential benefits arising from exploration are associated with access to diverse and distant knowledge across organizational and technological boundaries. However, exploration is not sufficient to assure if innovation actually occurs. Our study identifies exploration into two types, organizational and technological, and argues that the innovative effect of a firm's explorative search beyond organizational and technological boundaries is best leveraged by its technological status in an industry. Data derived from the global pharmaceutical industry indicate that a firm's search across organizational boundaries has a positive effect on its innovation impact, and such effect is strengthened when the firm is high in its technological status. However, the firm's search moving beyond its technological boundary increases innovation impact only for the group of high technological status but decreases it for the low‐status group. It appears that, in the global pharmaceutical industry, a firm's technological status is most critical to exploit knowledge from distant technology domains.     

新兴经济大国中间产品创新驱动全球价值链攀升——基于中国经验的解释

本文在全球价值链分工框架下,基于中国的实践,提出新兴经济大国中间产品创新驱动全球价值链攀升的机制与路径,即利用低成本的比较优势获取发达经济体中低端中间产品外包,通过国内生产体系的规模经济与范围经济,引致国内中间产品的创新,实现进口替代,进而引发技能偏向性技术进步以及来自发达经济体的知识溢出与研发合作。上述机制共同推动着中国向全球价值链高端持续攀升。实证检验发现,中国制造业中间产品创新对全球价值链分工地位的影响存在显著的滞后效应和累积效应,对间接出口国内附加值率的提升作用、对高技术制造业的促进作用更明显;进口技术溢出对中国制造业全球价值链攀升有一定的负向效应,但随着中间产品创新能力的不断提升,负向效应明显下降;在向全球价值链高端攀升的过程中,随着中国制造业高技能劳动力和本土市场规模的不断增长,中间产品创新对全球价值链攀升的正向影响增强。本文的政策含义是,持续深化对外开放,尤其是促进创新、知识和科技服务贸易自由化;提高国内创新体系效率;扩大高技能劳动力教育供给与国际研发合作;提高国内中间产品R&D投入强度,逐步降低对G5发达经济体中间产品的依赖,释放国内巨大市场规模的效应,持续推动中国制造业向全球价值链高端攀升。     

Integrating innovation and learning curve theory: an enabler for moving nanotechnologies and other emerging process technologies into production

Process technology selection is biased against selection of emerging process technologies such as nanotechnologies, biotechnology and microtechnologies (MEMS), since these decisions are frequently based on assumptions that are only valid for mature sustaining process technologies. This is a great concern since emerging process technologies are drivers of economic growth, especially in developed economies. We consider the learning curve literature and integrate it with the literature on technological trajectories and innovation to develop a theory for modeling the learning curve for emerging process technologies.     

出口集聚、企业相关生产能力与企业出口扩展

目前集聚效应对企业出口行为影响的研究中,集聚多是基于地理距离来刻画。本文试图将产品间的认知距离引入集聚的测度中,研究不同类型集聚对企业出口扩展边际的影响,并进一步讨论企业相关生产能力的异质性作用。本文发现,出口集聚效应和企业相关生产能力分别是企业出口多元化的外源动力和企业条件。具体来说,引入认知距离后,可以更好地区分集聚经济和集聚不经济的来源:同产品集聚和相关产品集聚均有利于促进企业出口扩展;而不相关产品集聚对企业出口扩展的影响则表现为竞争效应。进一步的研究发现,并不是所有企业都能在集聚的过程中“搭便车”,集聚发挥作用的方向和程度因企业储备的相关生产能力而异。在影响机制上,出口集聚效应通过专业劳动力共享和中间投入品共享等供给侧渠道以及目的国市场信息共享和已有出口经验等需求侧渠道来降低企业出口扩展的难度和风险。基于上述实证结果,本文认为地方政府应打造技术关联紧密、上下游产业相互依托、有核心竞争力的空间集聚形态,并创造良好的营商环境,以激发企业创新活力,提升中国对外贸易的核心竞争力。     

The moderating role of competence specialization in the effect of external R&D on innovative performance

This paper studies the functional specialization of SMEs’ technological competence and its moderating role in the effect of external R&D on their innovative performance. Technological competence consists of many functional dimensions such as basic research, product architecture, process construction, testing, and evaluation, which constitute a sequence of innovation tasks. The specialization of technological competence allows SMEs to utilize economies of specialization in R&D, enhance their bargaining power and appropriability conditions in the process of external R&D, and attract promising R&D partners. However, competence specialization may hamper SMEs’ capabilities to coordinate and integrate diverse external R&D projects. Using a sample of SMEs in Korean manufacturing industries, we find the following results. First, competence specialization positively moderates the effect of external R&D on SMEs’ innovative performance. Second, the positive moderating effect of competence specialization diminishes as the share of external R&D increases. Third, the moderating effect of competence specialization differs across industries depending on the degree of market dominance by a few large firms (i.e., market concentration) and the novelty of technologies pursued by SMEs in each industry.     

金融发展效率对技术创新的门限特征

本文基于门限效应回归模型,分析我国自1995年第一季度至2014年第四季度的相关数据,以金融发展效率为门限变量,对金融发展效率与技术创新的关系进行了实证研究,结果表明金融发展与技术创新之间的关系表现出显著的门限特征,门限值为88.61%。当金融发展效率位于门限值以下时,金融发展效率的估计系数显著为负;当金融发展效率位于门限值之上时,金融发展效率的估计系数显著为正。这意味着在小于门限值时,金融发展效率抑制了技术创新;只有在大于门限值时,金融发展效率才能促进技术创新。促进技术创新需要提高金融发展效率,商业银行法修正案对存贷比监管指标的删除,必将进一步促进金融发展,推动技术 创新。     

Telecommunications and education in the USA

The author examines the use of technology and telecommunications in various subsectors of education. Included in the examination are metropolitan communications networks for education, costs and economies of scale, and the federal role in technological innovation in education. He concludes with recommendations for additional studies aimed at achieving increased social benefits from the use of technology in education within metropolitan areas.     

Incapability of Technological Capability: A Case Study on Product Innovation in the Japanese Facsimile Machine Industry

Technological leadership in an industry certainly seems like a ticket to ongoing success. However, overemphasis on existing technological capabilities may produce a form of myopia in product development. In other words, by focusing primarily on developing and improving their core technologies, organizations miss opportunities to exploit new technologies and thus create breakthrough products. Ken Kusunoki proposes that problem-solving approaches in a technologically leading firm paradoxically may impede radical product innovation. Suggesting that such firms are inherently oriented toward incremental innovation, he presents a conceptual framework of the dynamic interaction between technological and product development problem-solving in the context of product innovation. He then illustrates this conceptual framework by examining a case of radical innovation in the Japanese facsimile industry. For a technological leader, product innovation typically is driven by technology development. In other words, such a firm quite reasonably relies on the technological advantage it holds over competitors as the basis for its product developments. By refining and enhancing its industry-leading technological capabilities, the firm can successfully introduce incremental innovations in its products. Because of this strong emphasis on exploiting existing technological capabilities, however, the technological leader may fail to capitalize on new technologies that can produce radical innovations. In the race to develop high-speed, digital facsimile equipment during the early 1970s, for example, Matsushita held a decided technological advantage over competitors such as Ricoh. Notwithstanding Matsushita's technological edge, however, Ricoh brought this radical innovation to market two years before Matsushita introduced its first digital machine, causing a serious decline in Matsushita's market share. Ricoh's approach to technological and product problem-solving—an autonomous team structure, with a strong project manager and frequent transfers of engineers among interdependent units—contrasts dramatically with Matsushita's functional structure and strong emphasis on technological problem-solving. Interestingly, Matsushita regained its technological advantage by 1976, thanks to a rapid series of incremental innovations in its product technologies.     

The influence of firms' technological capabilities on export performance in supplier-dominated industries: the case of ceramic tiles firms

In this paper, we study the effects that firms' technological capabilities, as an expression of their technological innovation strategy, have on their international competitiveness. In doing so, we draw on export and international trade literature to justify the influence that the firms' technological activity has on their export performance. In addition, we use concepts derived from the literature on technological innovation to identify different capabilities that the firms may develop to manage their innovation process, i.e., those related to investment, production and co-operation. These constitute the basis of our hypothesis, in which the technological innovation capabilities identified are related to firms' export performance. Empirical work is carried out on a sample of 88 Spanish exporting firms belonging to the ceramic tiles industry, which is characterized as being a supplier-dominated industry. Data were mainly gathered through a postal survey directed at firm managers. Our findings show that technological innovation capabilities have a positive impact on export performance. Specifically, results show that investment in internal non-R&D innovative activities, such as engineering design and pre-production, exerts a positive influence on export performance. However, neither investment in R&D nor investment in external acquisition of technology exerts any influence on export performance. In addition, our findings show that production capabilities have a positive effect linked to both improvement and imitation of products and processes. Regarding co-operation, export performance is related to capabilities that derive from co-operation with universities and research institutes rather than co-operation with other companies.