基于人力资本的高层管理团队认知特征对战略一致性理论模型构建研究

近来高层管理团队认知成为学者们研究的热点,但关于认知与战略一致性的研究甚少。要打开高层管理团队认知的黑盒子,探讨高层管理团队认知特征与战略一致性的作用机制,必须结合当今多变环境的时代特征与中国的具体实践,进行重点、具体的分析。而这一研究的突破点就是基于人力资本的视角,来探讨高层管理团队认知特征与战略一致性之间的作用机制。通过文献研究,构建理论模型,为进一步的实证研究打下基础。     

高层管理团队隐性人力资本研究

近20余年来,学者们过多地关注高层管理团队教育背景、任期、年龄和性别等显性变量及其与企业战略、绩效的关系,而忽略了隐藏在数据背后的决定变量.与显性人力资本相比,隐性人力资本要素更具有本源性和基础性,是创新的源泉,是一切显性知识的基石.本文试图对高层管理团队隐性人力资本进行界定,为高层管理团队的未来研究指明了新的研究视角和方法,具有开创意义.     

高层管理团队社会整合研究

企业高层管理团队社会整合是保证企业持续发展的重要条件.文章指出社会整合涉及社会资本整合、情感冲突整合、信息交换水平、集体决策水平和团队合作水平5个方面的具体内容,为高层管理团队组成特征如何影响组织绩效提出了以社会整合为中介的理论模型,弥补了高层管理团队理论的空白,为高层管理团队组建、培训和绩效评估等提供了思路、方法.     

企业高层管理团队与中层管理者的互动研究述评——基于战略管理过程的视角

高层管理团队与中层管理者作为企业战略管理主体,对企业战略制定、执行及企业绩效起着不可替代的主要作用。在梳理国内外有关高层管理团队、中层管理者与战略管理之间关系的文献基础上,分析了现有研究的不足,把既有的高层管理团队、中层管理者沿各自层面的研究方向拓展到高层管理团队与中层管理者的互动研究上来,并对高层管理团队与中层管理者互动的未来研究进行了展望,以期能为相关理论研究者提供借鉴。     

民营企业高层管理团队冲突和谐管理模型研究

民营企业高层管理团队冲突是团队运作过程中的客观存在,如何有效管理高层管理团队冲突,是民营企业面临的难题.本文从研究高层管理团队冲突的特征入手,分析我国民营企业高层管理团队冲突的表现,然后从和谐管理的视角,构建民企TMT冲突和谐管理模型,并深入分析模型的操作思路,为民营企业对TMT冲突有效管理,从而实现高层管理团队的和谐运作提供了战略指导.     

国有企业高层管理团队绩效的战略决策新视角研究展望

国有企业高层管理团队(Top Management Team,TMT)是企业的创新发展的核心和灵魂,其有效决策是国有企业产生高绩效的关键.针对国有企业经营管理实践、体制环境以及文化基础,研究的突破点是从战略决策的新视角,分析董事会构成、实际权力主体、人力资本产权等因素对TMT决策中的权力、风险责任与利益的分配的影响,探讨影响国有企业TMT绩效的权变因素及其变化对TMT治理绩效的影响、TMT的治理绩效评价指标体系的建立、评价主体的确认、评价基准与等级等系统要素的动态影响机制的内在机理关系,将是一个创新的研究思路.     

企业高层管理团队绩效的影响因素分析

企业高层管理团队成员的素质、能力、态度,以及成员之间的合作竞争等互动过程会直接影响高层决策,进而影响到团队绩效、组织绩效与战略选择。本文主要从高层管理团队特征因素、高层管理团队过程因素和高层管理团队环境因素三个方面对高层管理团队绩效进行分析。     

跨国公司TMT内部网分层研究

本文从战略的资源观和知识为基础的理论两方面阐述了跨国公司高层管理团队(Top Management Team,简称为TMT)研究的必要性,并从结点式研究、二元式研究和系统研究三个层次对跨国公司TMT内部网的形成过程、特点和作用进行了剖析。我们将跨国公司全球网络内部的战略领导视为一种集体现象、一个过程和一种组织结构;同时,将TMT。网络视为一种动态的现象,与初级的实物与资本的网络不同,这种人力资本的互动与沟通在更高层次上激活了网络的动态特质,是网络真正发挥优势和潜质的关键所在。     

煤炭企业高管团队异质性与财务绩效关系研究——以盈余管理为调节变量

面对日益激烈的竞争压力,如何构建能高效制定战略决策的高管团队以提高经济价值,是煤炭企业在发展中的重难点。选取2009—2018年我国煤炭行业的上市企业数据为研究对象,对高层管理团队异质性与财务绩效之间的关系进行研究,并在此基础上进一步加入盈余管理分析盈余管理对高管团队异质性与财务绩效之间关联性的调节作用。研究结果显示:高管团队高年龄异质性和低任期异质性能对财务绩效产生正面影响,并且企业盈余管理行为可以增强高管团队异质性对财务绩效的影响。最后,对我国煤炭企业构建高管团队提出了相应建议。     

人力资本经营者财务:一个理论构架

根据两权分离的变异和人力资本的质态特征，笔者在本文中首次提出了人力资本经营者财务论，阐述了人力资本经营者财务的五大特点、四个职能和五个方面的内容，并分析了人力资本财务的分层结构，试图为人力资本经营者财务构建一个理论框架。     

Dynamic managerial capabilities: Configuration and orchestration of top executives' capabilities and the firm's dominant logic

This paper contributes to the understanding of the executive team dynamic managerial capabilities by developing theory about the interplay between the firm's dominant logic and dynamic managerial capabilities (including managerial human capital, social capital, and cognition). We underscore the criticality of the two key CEO‐level functions: configuration and orchestration of senior executive team dynamic capabilities. We develop theory on how these functions create and sculpt the management team's absorptive capacity, which in turn shapes the team's adaptive capacity. We present theory about the distributed nature of efforts for organizational renewal where CEO's dynamic managerial capabilities in concerto with senior executive managerial capabilities will drive top management's ability to revitalize the firm's dominant logic and to achieve evolutionary fit. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The implications of strategy and social context for the relationship between top management team heterogeneity and firm performance

This research reexamines the link between top management team (TMT) heterogeneity and firm performance. Specifically, I theorize that the effects of education, work experience, and tenure on performance will depend upon the top management team's strategic and social context. In a test of such theorizing, I find that (1) the positive relationships between TMT educational, functional, and tenure heterogeneity and performance are contingent on complexity, as indicated by a firm's international strategy and, (2) such relationships are clearly stronger in short‐tenured top management teams. The theory and results presented here provide impetus for future studies, as well as suggest to upper echelon researchers that they think more critically about the conditions under which demographic characteristics are most likely to influence organizational outcomes like performance. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Top management team conflict and exploratory innovation: The mediating impact of market orientation

Drawing on upper echelon theory, this study examines the linkage of top management team (TMT) conflict to exploratory innovation and the mediating impact of market orientation (MO) on the linkage. It finds that cognitive conflict in TMTs positively affects exploratory innovation, while affective conflict has a negative effect. Moreover, MO is a critical conduit through which TMT conflict plays its role in exploratory innovation. These findings advance our knowledge on the antecedents of exploratory innovation, improve our understanding about the linkage of TMT conflict to innovation, and identify additional antecedents and consequences for MO.     

Environmental context,managerial cognition,and strategic action: an integrated view

This study addresses an apparent disconnect between two views of strategic action: the ‘economic view,’ which contends that industry structure is the primary influence on strategic action, and the ‘cognitive view,’ which suggests that managerial cognition drives strategic action. We argue that this disconnect has created artificial boundaries between the two perspectives and has limited our ability to develop holistic explanations of strategic action. In response, we develop an integrated model that answers two questions: 1) Does industry context affect managerial cognition? 2) Does managerial cognition mediate the relationship between industry context and strategic responses to environmental changes? To examine these questions, we study the relationship between industry velocity, the structure of top management's cognitive representation of the environment, and the speed of response to environmental events. We find that industry velocity influences the structure of cognitive representations, which in turn influence the speed of response to environmental events. These results support our contention that both industry and cognition variables are critical in developing explanations of strategic actions. These results have implications for our understanding of the development of top managers' beliefs, the relationship between beliefs and action, and the nature of the complex relationship between industry context, managerial cognition, and strategic action. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stacking the deck: the effects of top management backgrounds on investor decisions

Young firms going public are dependent upon the decisions of investors for a successful public offering. Yet convincing investors to invest is not easy, as young firms have limited track records and, thus, face challenges associated with gaining legitimacy in their respective industries. This paper examines ways in which select information about firms undertaking an initial public offering (IPO) can affect investor decisions. Building upon recent research on upper echelons and signaling theory, we propose that the composition of a firm's top management team can signal organizational legitimacy that in turn affects investor decisions. In the context of young firms undertaking an IPO, such signals are critical, especially when objective measures of firm quality are not easily available. We introduce a typology of signals of organizational legitimacy to elaborate on our hypotheses. Analyses of a comprehensive set of data on the career histories of the top management teams of young biotechnology firms show that investor decisions are affected by the extent to which a firm's top management team has employment affiliations with prominent downstream organizations (e.g., pharmaceutical companies), with a diverse range of organizations, and upon the role experience of one key member of the top management team—the Chief Scientific Officer. We assess and find that these effects are not mediated by the prestige of a firm's lead underwriter. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our study for strategy research on upper echelons and organizational legitimacy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Top Management Compositional Effects on Corporate Entrepreneurship: The Moderating Role of Perceived Technological Uncertainty

Because corporate entrepreneurship (CE) is central to firms' ability to compete, adapt, and perform in increasingly turbulent environments, there is a great interest in understanding its origins. To date, prior studies have overwhelmingly focused on the architectural factors—the structures, cultures, resources, and incentives—that shape entrepreneurial processes within organizations and the environmental conditions that stimulate entrepreneurial activity. However, some researchers have recently begun to argue that the requirements and challenges of CE fall most saliently on the shoulders of the firm's top management team. Focusing on various aspects of top managers' activities, roles, and processes, this line of research demonstrates the enabling role of top management teams in their firm's pursuit of CE. We extend this research by examining the impact of top management team composition in terms of human capital and social capital on CE. Additionally, because external environment perceptions within top teams shape their sociopolitical process and framing of the issues facing their firms, we submit that a team's level of perceived technological uncertainty moderates the impact of the team's human and social capital on CE. We find support for these arguments using multisource data from a sample of 99 high‐technology firms. The discussion finally traces the implications of our theory and findings for research and managerial understanding on CE.     

Top management turnover following mergers and acquisitions

Little is known about the effects of a merger or an acquisition on an acquired company's management team. This research follows the employment status of target companies' top managers for 5 years from the date of acquisition. Results indicate that turnover rates in acquired top management teams are significantly higher than ‘normal’ turnover rates, and that visible, very senior executives are likely to turn over sooner than their less-visible colleagues. Variations in top management turnover rates, however, are not accounted for by type of acquisition (i.e. related or unrelated).     

Top management team conflict and entrepreneurial strategy making in China

How does top management team (TMT) conflict influence entrepreneurial strategy making of new ventures? With a sample of new ventures in China’s technology industries, this study examines the conditions under which TMT cognitive conflict and affective conflict are associated with entrepreneurial strategy making. We found that cognitive conflict among TMT members had a positive relationship with entrepreneurial strategy making. Further, the positive relationship between cognitive conflict and entrepreneurial strategy making was moderated by dysfunctional competition and team deftness.     

Research opportunities in the study of B2B new ventures: Perspectives from the entrepreneurship literature

The goal of this article is to identify research opportunities for scholars interested in B2B new ventures. The author focuses on opportunities that arise from a consideration of three important topics in the entrepreneurship literature: business model development, venture legitimacy, and top management teams. It is argued that significant opportunities exist for research that expands our understanding of (1) entrepreneurial paths from initial means to a fully specified business model, (2) the design of a portfolio of legitimation strategies, and (3) the impact of top management team characteristics and processes on venture characteristics, venture performance, and top management team outcomes.