Trade in investment-related technological services

The paper examines the growing phenomenon of developing country exports of investment-related technological (IRT) services. Our analysis indicates that developing countries have become important players on the world market for specific IRT services. However, their success is accounted for almost entirely by a handful of countries which have been able to accumulate human capital, technological capability and physical capital. Our investigating also shows that developing country exports of IRT services are directed almost exclusively towards other developing countries, especially oil-exporting ones.     

Post-production services and optimal integration strategies for the multinational firm

This paper examines firms’ decision of integrating production and post-production services to serve foreign markets. The author builds a model in which heterogeneous firms choose different locations to produce output, while employ local or send home managers from headquarters to provide post-production services. The model shows that the equilibrium decision of a firm depends on its own productivity level and the mobility of transferring home managers across borders. Using Korean firm- and affiliate-level data, empirical results show that firms choose production locations based on their productivity levels and transport costs, while firms’ choice of service managers depend on informal trade barriers across borders. These findings are consistent with the theoretical implications.     

Trade within an industry in the presence of vertical product differentiation and dynamic increasing returns

This paper investigates a case of trade with dynamic learning, a continuum of varieties of a vertically differentiated product, and two countries differing only slightly in population size. The results are as follows. Since increasing returns continuously allow consumers to afford higher-quality versions of the good, a quality-based product cycle is generally required for the two initial market shares to persist over time; however, with dynamic learning the conditions for such a cycle to take place are severe. Then, in spite of the self-reinforcing nature of the pattern of spezialization, one of the two countries' market segments (the lower-quality one) is likely to shrink endogenously over time.     

全球创意产业贸易的现状、趋势及对策

近年来,随着创意经济的日益兴起,创意产品在国际贸易中的地位逐步提升,已经取代传统的制造业产品成为国际贸易中最具活力的领域。本文研究了全球创意产业贸易的发展现状和发展趋势,提出拓展我国创意产业贸易,提升其国际竞争力的政策建议。     

跨国并购的法律问题

2001年10月29日,法国阿尔卡特公司以3亿美元巨资控股中国电信市场龙头企业上海贝尔公司,这一并购的完成不但使阿尔卡特间接持股一家中国国内上市公司,并具备了直接在中国资本市场上市的资格。我国已加入世贸组织,随着外商投资领域的     

Pollution control and multinational firms

This paper analyzes how pollution control in the recipient developing country affects the flow of multinational capital owned by multinational firms in the source developed country. We find that when pollution control in a developing country becomes stricter, then the amount of multinational capital flowing into the developing country will certainly or conditionally decrease. Through further welfare analysis, we hope to provide some policy suggestions that will allow the government to guarantee the welfare of the labor force while it implements stricter pollution control.     

Vertical linkages and multinational enterprises in developing countries

Many studies have concluded that multinational firms do not create significant technical and other vertical linkages in developing host countries. This case study of three multinational firms in the export-oriented electronics industry in Singapore shows that under certain conditions multinational firms can lead in creating local vertical linkages. It suggests that restrictive government policies to increase local purchases may not be necessary, effective or desirable in promoting local linkages by export-oriented multinational firms that respond primarily to international market conditions. The Singapore experience poinst to the importance of a healthy investment climate and rapid economic growth in encouraging multinational firms to forge local linkages.     

Risks and returns in international currency futures

Conclusion This paper analyzed the risk/return level of international currency futures traded on International Monetary Market of Chicago during 1972–1977 period. The empirical results indicate that relative risk and returns for each currency future studied are both close to zero during the sample period. The fact that the beta value for currency futures is close to zero implies its returns are uncorrelated with the market portfolio. Therefore, investors can reduce the risk level of their total portfolio significantly by adding currency futures.     

The multinational enterprise and economic internationalism

Multinational enterprises have been praised as means of achieving the most efficient use of the world's resources, and, therefore, as a new means to classical economic internationalism. Examination of their behaviour gives little evidence that they would achieve this goal, for their criteria of decision-making are different and their movement of factors is for company objectives, not economic or market: the market cannot signal long-term investment opportunities. Nor is the multinational enterprise likely to respond to national economic criteria, for its orientation is regional or international, though certainly not yet ‘global’. Conflicts of values and concepts of equity will continue to produce tensions and calls for controls over the multinational enterprise.     

CEPA贸易创造与贸易转移效应的实证分析

本文从实证角度出发,运用区域内贸易比重法、巴拉萨模型,RCA指数等工具,分析了CEPA自签署以来祖国内地和香港的静态经济效应,并在此基础上提出了相应的政策建议。     

Foreign production and international hedging in a multinational firm

This paper presents a model of a risk-averse multinational firm under exchange rate risk. The firm, which owns and controls assets in two countries, is engaged in foreign production, sales, and foreign currency forward contracting. The implications of the existence of forward markets in global market decisions are discussed. It is shown that a separation theorem holds. The optimal hedging behavior is also discussed.     

网络组织在跨国公司创新中的作用及其挑战

网络组织是现代跨国公司组织管理在网络技术推动下的新型组织形式,在当今全球竞争日趋激烈的环境下,知识和创新已成为企业竞争制胜的关键。本文分析了跨国公司网络组织创新的动因,并对我国企业管理组织发展提出了一些建议。     

论跨国公司直接投资对中国经济的影响

跨国公司形成的前提和基础是跨国直接投资，进行国际直接投资的企业往往成为跨国公司(Transnational Corporations，TNCs)，具体是指在两个或两个以上国家，对于一定数量的经营性资产拥有全部或部分控制与管理权的企业。而国际直接投资(International Direct Investment)，是指投资者为了在国外获得长期的投资效益并得到对企业的控制权，通过直接建立新的企业、公司或并购原有企业等方式进行的国际投资活动。     

中国—巴基斯坦自贸区贸易创造与贸易转移效应的实证分析

2007年7月1日,《中国—巴基斯坦自由贸易协定》正式实施,推动了中巴双方的经贸合作。文章运用巴拉萨模型检验了中国—巴基斯坦自由贸易区的贸易创造与贸易转移效应,根据实证的结果得出中巴自由贸易协定的实施,无论是对区内两国的贸易创造还是对区外国家的贸易转移效应都不明显,应利用中巴双方产品结构的互补性,促进双边贸易进一步增长。     

跨国公司在华研发本地化驱动因素分析

进十年来,跨国公司在华研发出现了本地化倾向,这对本地企业技术创新会带来怎样的影响?其本地化的驱动因素是什么? 跨国公司研发本地化的驱动因素和双重效应的机理分析 1.跨国公司在华研发本地化的主要表现 随着跨国公司在华研发的规模和速度加大加快,跨国公司在华研发出现了一个突出的趋势,即本地化,主要表现在以下两个方面: 一是研发人员投入本地化,即大量采用本地研发人员.跨国公司在华研发机构中,多达95％的研发人员来自本地,摩托罗拉中国研究院、微软中国研究开发中心等一些大型跨国公司的本地研发人员甚至超过99％.     

进出口贸易弹性与中国贸易方式结构调整——基于加工贸易与一般贸易比较视角

本文从微观需求理论出发,构建中国进出口需求的非结构化向量自回归(VAR)模型,运用1995年1月至2008年8月进出口分贸易方式数据对我国加工贸易和一般贸易进出口的价格弹性和收入弹性进行估计检验与分析。结果表明:与传统理论结论不同,加工贸易进口的世界收入弹性为负,而加工贸易出口需求的价格弹性为正;一般贸易进口的国内收入弹性为正的同时一般贸易出口的价格弹性也为正;人民币升值不会导致加工贸易和一般贸易净出口减少,世界收入波动时加工贸易具有更强的稳定特征。     

Stock returns and real activity in an inflationary environment: The informational impact of FAS No. 33*

Abstract. This paper empirically assesses the degree to which current cost data as required by Financial Accounting Standards Statement No. 33 might implicitly be used by equity market participants. Studies to date, focusing on income measures, documented little or no effect of the data on prices. We argue here that income was the wrong focus. Instead, because current costs can be used to construct quantity indexes and hence measure real productive growth of the firm, the focus should be on the test of association between real productivity (obtained by use of current cost data) and stock returns rather than between income measures and stock returns. Therefore, this paper tests for whether growth measure (of real productive output) which can be obtained by utilizing current cost information and which cannot be obtained without such information, can explain cross-sectional variation in security returns beyond measures based on historical costs. Returns should be more highly associated with current cost based measures of real productive growth than with similar measures based on historical cost, if the current cost data have value. Like the time-series macroeconomic analysis done by Fama (1981), our cross-sectional microeconomic analysis relying on current cost accounting data suggests that security returns are positively related to real productive activity. Moreover, the tests seem to suggest that current cost data, on the margin, reflect productive activity information that may not be already contained in historical cost accounting data. Résumé. Cet article évalue de façon empirique jusqu'à quel point les données au coût actuel requises en vertu de l'énoncé no. 33 (Financial Accounting Standards Statement No. 33) pourraient implicitement être utilisées par les participants au marché des actions. Les études antérieures, portant sur des mesures de bénéfice, ont conclu à peu ou pas d'effet sur les cours imputable à ces données. Nous soutenons ici que le bénéfice ne constituait pas le bon centre d'intérêt. Au lieu de cela, du fait que les coûts actuels peuvent être utilisés afin d'élaborer des indices de quantité et, de là, mesurer la croissance de la productivité réelle de la firme, le centre d'intérêt devrait plutôt tourner autour d'un test du lien entre la productivité réelle (obtenue par l'utilisation des données au coût actuel) et les rendements des actions plutôt qu'entre des mesures de bénéfice et le rendement des actions. Dès lors, cet article examine si une mesure de croissance (de la productivité réelle) pouvant être obtenue à partir de l'information au coût actuel et qui ne peut être dégagée sans une telle information, peut expliquer davantage les variations (en coupe transversale) des rendements des titres que ne le font des mesures fondées sur les coûts d'origine. La relation entre les rendements et les mesures de productivité réelle fondées sur le coût actuel devrait être plus robuste que celle entre des mesures similaires fondées sur le coût d'origine, si tant est que les données au coût actuel présentent une valeur. À l'instar de l'analyse macroéconomique de séries chronologiques effectuée par Fama (1981), notre analyse microéconomique en coupe transversale fondée sur des données au coût actuel semble indiquer que les rendements des titres sont reliés positivement à l'activité productive réelle. En outre, les tests laissent supposer qu'à la marge, les données au coût actuel reflètent une information d'activité productive qui, actuellement, pourrait ne pas être véhiculée par les données comptables exprimées au coût d'origine.