论企业筹资战略与企业环境

<正> 企业筹资是企业满足生产经营发展的需要,运用一定方式从特定的来源渠道取得资金的经济行为。战略是企业面对日益变化的企业环境,为求得长期的生存和发展,依据企业自身条件进行的总体谋划。企业筹资战略是企业筹资决策者按照企业总体经营战略的要求,在对所处筹资环境进行科学分析的基础上,对企业筹资规模、财务结构、筹资渠道和筹资方式进行的     

公司的利润、现金流量分析与筹资决策——以现代牧业控股有限公司为例

资本是企业的经济命脉,而筹资则是企业投资经营的起点,是满足企业资本需求的重要手段。随着企业竞争的不断加剧,筹资活动成为其财务管理工作的重点。生产运营的持续性将不断产生对资金的需求,企业需要及时、足额筹措到所需的资金,而筹措资金的效果最终反映在能否增加企业利润和现金流上,同时利润和现金流量又是企业做出筹资决策的依据。因此,通过对企业的利润和现金流进行判断,分析企业的筹资决策十分必要。     

企业投资与筹资的资金成本与风险控制问题

企业投资与筹资决策是企业经营活动中的重要组成部分,决定着企业的长远发展,因而必须尽可能地顺应国家经济发展形势,以最大程度控制投资与筹资风险。笔者从当前经济转型背景出发,多角度分别论述了企业投资与筹资可能存在的风险及相应控制方法,并对企业投资与筹资决策中资金成本的作用进行了分析,以期对企业投资与筹资决策提供参考与建议。     

筹资策略论—现代外经贸企业筹资纵横之三（连载）

实际工作中，企业的决策者要考虑从三个阶段做出筹资决策，即资金成本分析阶段、比较决定阶段、筹资结构分析阶段；对于投资风险的分析，实践中经常应用概率论的数学方法，以其“标准差”来考量。     

对企业集团财务集中管理模式下决策支持方案的研究

在IT环境下,企业集团在财务集中管理模式支持下,除了核算与控制之外,决策在企业集团管理中的作用至关重要。根据决策需要和经济环境的变迁建立决策支持系统,为决策过程提供全面支持,它不仅支持做决定的活动,还支持做决定前的情报活动,做决定前的思考活动(设计方案、选择方案),当然还支持做决定后的决策实施活动。决策支持系统包括:分析和挖掘数据工具、数据仓库、评价指标体系、决策模型库、数据展现与发布等几部分。并对决策支持系统进行了功能分析设计、财务指标分析设计、模型和结构设计。决策支持系统将向决策者提供信息来源,从数据分析信息,从信息中得到知识,最后由决策者将知识转化为智慧,来支持经营、筹资决策等。     

浅析企业筹资方式

企业筹资,是指企业作为筹资主体根据其生产经营、对外投资和调整资本结构等需要,通过筹资渠道和金融市场,运用筹资方式,经济有效地筹措和集中资本的活动。筹措资金是企业经营活动的起点,也是企业理财的首要任务。一个企业资金筹集决策的正确与否,直接关系到企业能否继续生存发展和经济效益的好坏。对于各个企业而言,如何选择筹资方式,怎样把各种筹资方式组合成最适合企业的筹资框架,怎样去把握筹资的规模,这些问题都是在筹资之前就需要进行认真分析和研究的。     

浅析企业筹资方式

企业筹资,是指企业作为筹资主体根据其生产经营、对外投资和调整资本结构等需要,通过筹资渠道和金融市场,运用筹资方式,经济有效地筹措和集中资本的活动。筹措资金是企业经营活动的起点,也是企业理财的首要任务。一个企业资金筹集决策的正确与否,直接关系到企业能否继续生存发展和经济效益的好坏。对于各个企业而言,如何选择筹资方式,怎样把各种筹资方式组合成最适合企业的筹资框架,怎样去把握筹资的规模,这些问题都是在筹资之前就需要进行认真分析和研究的。     

财务报表的粉饰行为及其防治措施

众所周知,财务报表是企业经营状况的晴雨表,财务报表的真实完整是确保企业决策者做出正确决策的重要财务依据。然而,在实际的企业运行中,财务报表的粉饰行为不仅影响了正确决策的制定,而且影响到企业的长期稳定发展以及正常的市场经济秩序。因此,研究财务报表的粉饰行为及其防治措施确有必要。本文主要从财务报表粉饰行为的涵义入手,研究了财务报表粉饰行为的动因,并提出了财务报表粉饰行为的防治措施。     

企业决策中的从众效应研究

在瞬息万变的经营环境下,企业决策决定着企业的兴衰成败,但企业决策中的从众效应却严重危害企业决策的质量。企业决策者自身、决策班子的具体状况,以及企业决策者面临的具体决策问题都是影响企业决策时发生从众机率的几个关键因素。有效消除企业决策中的从众效应必须进行综合防治。     

盘点财务管理中的“机会成本”

机会成本是财务管理中的一个重要概念,其应用的范围非常广泛,涉及到企业的各项筹资决策、投资决策以及日常经营活动,在决策中,企业要重视机会成本,权衡成本和收益,以获得最佳的获利机会。     

利益相关者财务治理的一致性聚类分析

本文利用聚类分析方法研究利益相关者参与企业财务治理的决策机制,以融资决策为例,将内部融资、债务融资、股权融资三种不同的融资类型作为决策者判断的方案,不同类型融资的具体数值作为三角模糊数,考虑决策者的权重对决策者一致度计算的影响,计算不同决策者之间的一致度距离,进行决策者聚类,依据聚类的结果,计算一致性相同的决策者集合的最终方案集,最后通过实例演示了上述的计算过程。     

An Integrated Group Decision Making Support Model for Corporate Financing Decisions

The essential goal of corporate finance is to maximize corporate value while reducing a firm’s financial risks. Corporate financing decision is a kind of multi-criteria based group decision making that embodies major approaches to handle qualitative criteria and quantitative limitations. However, in literature related to financing decision making, very little research uses decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and analytic network process (ANP) methods to consider the impact and dependency of its factors, or uses Goal programming (GP) to find the satisfactory financing decision under the related financial constraints. This study proposes an integrated group decision making support (GDMS) model to assist corporate financing group decision makers (DMs) in obtaining a satisfactory group solution. ANP, DEMATEL and GP are combined in this GDMS model. By using this model, the group DMs can systemically structure a multi-criteria network framework and derive priority weights of those criteria, and then deal with the quantitative financial constraints for a satisfactory group solution. An illustrative case is demonstrated for the effectiveness and practicability of this GDMS model.     

中国上市公司融资偏好分析

对于现代企业而言,资本的联合是其重要特征之一,融资决策是企业决策中的一个重要组成部分。企业需要根据自己的目标和收益成本约束来选择合适的融资方式,以确定最佳的资本结构,从而使企业市场价值达到最大化。中国上市公司的实际融资偏好与发达资本市场国家融资偏好相比,有其鲜明特点,股权是企业融资首选。本文分析了这种融资秩序偏好并提出一些解决措施。     

渠道成员选择评价体系及其优化方法研究

渠道成员选择是一个多目标决策问题,选择过程中由于评价指标包含了大量的不确定性和模糊性,若仅凭决策者的主观经验对此类问题评价则缺乏科学性。基于此,把层次分析法应用于营销渠道中的渠道成员选择上,从而为决策者正确地选择合适的渠道成员提供定量的技术分析依据,有着较好的科学性和合理性。     

A Study on Aggregation of TOPSIS Ideal Solutions for Group Decision-Making

The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) has become a popular multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) technique, since it has a comprehensible theoretical structure and is able to provide an exact model for decision making. For the use of TOPSIS in group decisions, the common approaches in aggregating individual decision makers’ judgments are the geometric and the arithmetic mean methods, although these are too intuitive and do not consider either preference levels or preference priorities among alternatives for individual decision makers. In this paper, a TOPSIS group decision aggregation model is proposed in which the construction consists of three stages: (1) The weight differences are calculated first as the degrees of preferences among different alternatives for each decision maker; (2) The alternative priorities are then derived, and the highest one can be denoted as the degree to which a decision maker wants his most favorite alternative to be chosen; (3) The group ideal solutions approach in TOPSIS is used for the aggregation of similarities obtained from different decision makers. A comparative analysis is performed, and the proposed aggregation model seems to be more satisfactory than the traditional aggregation model for solving compromise-oriented decision problems.     

The Interdependence of R&D Activity and Debt Financing of Young Firms

We investigate the interdependence of debt financing and R&D activities of young firms. Applying a bivariate Tobit model, we find that there is a positive interdependent relationship between the share of loan financing and R&D intensity. A higher share of loan financing allows for more R&D in young firms and, at the same time, a higher R&D intensity allows for a higher loan share. This result is mainly driven by start‐ups exhibiting high values of R&D intensity or leverage. Another remarkable result of our study is that the positive relationship between R&D and loan financing can only be detected if we consider that, first, the decisions on R&D and on loan financing are made simultaneously and, second, the decision on R&D impacts the decision on loan financing and vice versa.     

产业集群融资决策中的资本结构分析

融资决策是企业重要的财务决策,产业集群由于其固有的系统特征,由此造成系统内各经济行为单元在融资过程中的行为方式与单个游离企业有很大的区别。通过对产业集群企业特别是集群企业中的中小企业的资本机构进行研究和分析,并通过企业价值的表现形式解释产业集群内企业的融资行为,以期为我国区域经济发展中最具竞争力的产业集群企业的融资决策问题提供参考和借鉴意见。     

Legal and Institutional Determinants of Factoring in SMEs: Empirical Analysis across 25 European Countries

Weak protection of the rights of financiers intensifies agency problems in SME financing, inhibiting the optimal provision of credit necessary to grow and innovate. We use a survey data set of 4,348 SMEs from 25 European countries to analyze whether the use of factoring as a form of SME financing is less dependent on low quality of laws and institutions. We do so analyzing whether the use of factoring by SMEs differs across countries due to differences in the legal protection of creditors. Our findings indicate that firms operating in countries with legal environments that weakly protect the rights of creditors, with political instability or high enforcement costs, are more likely to use factoring. Managers of riskier and opaque companies operating in such inefficient environments can use the results of this study to better understand that there are suitable options to complement bank financing. Managers who seek loans can use the results to diversify their financing structure through the use of factoring. Since factoring can be used as a complement to bank loans or as a substitute for bank financing, it is important that policy makers take our results into account when revising policies concerning access to external financing.     

Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process as a Two-phase Integrated Decision Approach for Large Nominal Groups

When decision makers who comprise a large nominal group face an unstructured decision problem and no simultaneous interactive communications are available, problem identification and consensus building are difficult, if not impossible. Few tools are available to assist decision makers in this situation. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has typically been used to evaluate a set of alternatives after a decision problem has been structured as a hierarchy with various levels of criteria above the alternatives. With a group of decision makers, AHP has been used to evaluate those alternatives either by consensus building or by combining judgments or priorities using the geometric mean to aggregate their preferences. In this paper, we extend the use of AHP to a situation involving a large nominal group of dispersed decision makers where the entire hierarchy is not defined at the outset. In particular, we use the AHP as an integrative approach to identify the priorities of the various criteria and then use those priorities to screen and consolidate a large set of potential alternatives. This results in considering a reduced set of alternatives that will be affected by the more important criteria. The consolidated set of alternatives is evaluated by each individual in the group using AHP, combined using the geometric mean, and the results are synthesized to obtain the overall priorities of the alternatives. The approach is demonstrated and evaluated in a case study to select an alunmi anniversary gift to the U.S. Coast Guard Academy with a large nominal group of decision-makers dispersed throughout the United States.