企业社会责任、关系资本与竞争优势——基于丰田"召回门"事件的分析与思考

企业社会责任要求企业不仅"做好事",更要求其不能"做坏事".当前形势下,跨国公司在华经营必须更好地履行其社会责任.这背后的逻辑是其将企业社会责任看作在华战略的一部分,运用企业社会责任来增加与各利益相关者的关系资本,从而获取竞争优势.本文提出了在华跨国公司基于企业社会责任构建竞争优势的基本框架,并以丰田"召回门"事件为案例进行了分析.     

企业社会责任作用机制研究

从利益相关者视角出发,本文结合资源基础观等理论,研究了企业社会责任对企业的作用机制和过程,并构建了理论机制作用模型。该模型包含两个作用途径,一是企业对部分利益相关者实施的社会责任,直接对利益相关者的决策起作用,进而对企业产生作用;二是企业社会责任产生两类无形资产,这两类无形资产分别通过特定的作用机制对利益相关者产生作用,最终对企业产生影响。因此,企业社会责任产生的无形资产为企业提供了竞争优势的来源。     

企业销售中的社会责任营销研究

企业销售并不只是将产品售出以获取利润的环节,在此过程中,企业与消费者、竞争者等利益相关者相互影响,销售活动中所出现的社会责任问题会恶化企业和利益相关者的关系,进而威胁到企业的长期发展。本文分析了企业销售中存在的一系列社会责任问题的主要原因,认为实行社会责任营销有助于塑造企业良好形象,帮助企业获得差异化优势,培养顾客忠诚度,维护企业与利益相关者之间的关系,实现可持续发展等,同时提出了几点社会责任营销的实施策略。     

利益相关者需求有助于企业开展社会责任战略吗？--一项三维交互研究

本文通过探讨利益相关者需求对企业社会责任战略的作用机制,分析管理者道德动机和道德滑坡对二者关系的调节效应,对企业实施社会责任战略的机理进行系统性论证。研究结果表明：利益相关者需求对企业社会责任战略具有正向的推动作用;道德动机和道德滑坡对利益相关者需求与企业社会责任战略的关系具有正向调节效应,道德滑坡的程度负向影响管理者道德动机对利益相关者需求与企业社会责任战略关系的正向调节作用。     

企业社会责任与财务绩效关系研究综述

20世纪90年代起,企业社会责任与利益相关者在理论与实证检验方面呈现出相互整合的趋势。本文通过探析企业社会责任与利益相关者缘何走向理论结合,分别基于利益相关者整体视角与利益相关者分维度视角,对国内外企业社会责任与财务绩效关系的实证研究进行回顾与总结,并在此基础上提出了未来的研究方向。     

论企业社会责任的法律责任

企业社会责任是其法律责任和道德责任的统一体,企业的法律责任是法定化的以国家强制力作为其履行保障的责任,是维护基本社会秩序所必需的最低限度的道德的法律化。本文从利益相关者视角,将受企业履行法律责任影响最大的利益相关者界定为员工、消费者、同业竞争者以及政府。     

战略视角的西方企业社会责任研究的新进展及趋势

一、企业社会责任理论与战略管理结合研究的兴起 现阶段企业社会责任战略化运作研究的主题包括：企业社会责任与竞争优势的关系,在构建公司利益相关者期望参与企业社会责任倾向上的角色在制度环境上的差别,社会期望的战略化企业社会责任与强制性企业社会责任的比较，经济、哲学、全球企业社会责任意识的视角在企业社会责任的作用，以及学术文献对企业社会责任的演变和影响。     

论企业社会责任的法律责任

企业社会责任是其法律责任和道德责任的统一体,企业的法律责任是法定化的以国家强制力作为其履行保障的责任,是维护基本社会秩序所必需的最低限度的道德的法律化.本文从利益相关者视角,将受企业履行法律责任影响最大的利益相关者界定为员工、消费者、同业竞争者以及政府.     

企业社会责任信利益相关者界定

近年来,企业社会责任成为一个热点话题.企业社会责任要求企业在实现股东利益的同时关注其它利益相关者.本文从企业社会责任理论入手,在研究企业与各利益相关群体关系的基础上,分析界定企业的利益相关者.     

企业社会责任及利益相关者界定

近年来，企业社会责任成为一个热点话题。企业社会责任要求企业在实现股东利益的同时关注期它利益相关者。本文从企业社会责任理论入手，在研究企业与各利益相关群体关系的基础上，分析界定企业的利益相关者。     

Reconciling Corporate Citizenship and Competitive Strategy: Insights from Economic Theory

Neoclassical and Austrian/evolutionary economic paradigms have different implications for integrating corporate social responsibility (corporate citizenship) and competitive strategy. Porter’s “Five Forces” model implicitly rests on neoclassical theory of the firm and is not easily reconciled with corporate social responsibility. Resource-based models of competitive strategy do not explicitly embrace a particular economic paradigm, but to the extent their conceptualization rests on neoclassical assumptions such as imperfect factor markets and profits as rents, these models also imply a trade-off between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility. Differences in Austrian/evolutionary economic model’s assumptions about equilibrium, profits, and other economic concepts allow this paradigm to embrace alternative views of strategy such as the activities or dynamic capabilities views. These alternative views of strategy focus on learning and adaptation; they align more easily with corporate social responsibility. In practice this alignment comes about because social engagement facilitates the learning and adaptation that are a source of competitive advantage. Among the many business arguments for CSR such as improved employee morale/productivity or brand differentiation, this view prioritizes innovation.     

浅谈企业社会责任问题

当今世界,社会责任正在成为制约企业提升竞争力的新要素,不仅对企业本身,而且对整个社会都会产生深远的影响。目前,我国存在着一些企业不讲社会责任、损害百姓利益的情况．构建企业社会责任体系成为紧迫而重要的任务。市场竞争的主导方式正在沿着“价格竞争-产品竞争-服务竞争-关系竞争”的轨迹演变。在竞争时代,企业社会责任成为企业竞争优势的新增长点。为此,企业应强化社会责任意识,实施社会责任战略,培育社会责任文化,优化社会责任关系,从而提升长期盈利能力,增强竞争优势。     

Determining the antecedents for a strategy of corporate social responsibility by small- and medium-sized enterprises in the UK fashion apparel industry

This paper seeks to increase the understanding of the antecedents of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in small UK fashion garment manufacturing firms. A review of CSR practice is used to inform the theoretical development of the wider aspects of small business competitive advantage. A causal map of the antecedents of CSR in the context of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is presented which will help guide the selection of the constructs to be used for measuring the existence of CSR in SMEs in the UK fashion garment manufacturing industry. Future research will gain a greater understanding of this phenomenon through evaluating the obstacles and drivers for the implementation of a CSR strategy in small garment manufacturing businesses.     

The Impact of Top Mana(g)ement Team Process on Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Performance

This article aims to explore how top management team (TMT) process affects strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR), and in turn, how strategic CSR influences firm performance. In addition, this article examines whether CSR mediates the relationship between TMT process and firm performance. The sample consists of 203 hotels from the tourism and hospitality industry in the southeast China. TMT processes assessed are communication and cohesion. Results indicate that (1) corporate social responsibility is positively related to firm performance, (2) top management team process (communication and cohesion) is positively related to corporate social responsibility, and (3) corporate social responsibility fully mediates the relationship between top management team process and firm performance. Results highlight upper echelons mechanisms that underpin the TMT process–firm performance relationship. This study contributes to understanding how TMT process affects firm performance both directly and indirectly, through strategic CSR.     

Board Attributes,Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy,and Corporate Environmental and Social Performance

In this paper, we draw on insights from theories in the management and corporate governance literature to develop a theoretical model that makes explicit the links between a firm’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) related board attributes, its board CSR strategy, and its environmental and social performance. We then test the model using structural equation modeling approach. We find that the greater the CSR orientation of the board (as measured by the board’s independence, gender diversity, and financial expertise on audit committee), the more proactive and comprehensive the firm’s CSR strategy, and the higher its environmental and social performance. Moreover, we find this link to be endogenous and self-reinforcing, with superior CSR performers tending to further strengthen their board CSR orientation. This result while positive is also suggestive of the widening of the gap between the leads and laggards in CSR. Therefore, the question arises as to how ‘leaders’ are using their superior CSR competencies seen by many scholars as a source of corporate (at times unfair) competitive advantage. Stakeholders of corporations therefore need to be cognizant of this aspect of CSR when evaluating a firm’s CSR activities. Policy makers also need to be cognizant of these concerns when designing regulation in this field.     

Corporate Social Responsibility for Developing Country Multinational Corporations: Lost War in Pertaining Global Competitiveness?

This article explores the conceptual and practical gap existing between the developed and developing countries in relation to corporate social responsibility (CSR), or the North-South ‘CSR Divide’, through the analysis of possible impact on the competitiveness of developing countries’ and economies’ SMEs and MNEs in globalization. To do so, this article first reviewed the traditional wisdom on the concept of strategic CSR developed in the North and the role that CSR engagement can play in corporate competitiveness, and compare with the impact on the competitive advantage of the South through the supply chains. It points out that among the many factors that could explain the ‘CSR Divide’, the negative impact of CSR on comparative advantage is the final resort where developing countries are reluctant and defensive toward western-style CSR. It did point out that developing countries are changing their approaches to make CSR work in favor of their competitive position in global trade, such as China who has started to adopt proactive approach by becoming CSR standards-setter. This article concludes with two policy proposals that aim to bridge the CSR gap, the first is to improve CSR standard-setting participation from both sides, and the second to search for solutions in the international investment legal framework which will define corporate obligations in relating to CSR in a more explicit way.     

Investigating the direct and indirect effects of corporate hypocrisy and perceived corporate reputation on consumers’ attitudes toward the company

Consumers are placing increasing importance on the social responsibility of firms when making purchase decisions. Nonetheless, corporate irresponsibility has become more prevalent in the corporate world. Through corporate social responsibility (CSR), companies can showcase their virtues and appear as good citizens while ignoring many internal standards. Hence, the primary purpose of this study was to explore the impact of corporate hypocrisy on CSR belief, corporate reputation, and consumers’ attitudes toward a company that may have a bad reputation. Second, we investigated the mediating effect of CSR belief and perceived corporate reputation on the relationships between corporate hypocrisy and consumers’ attitudes toward the company. We asked a sample of respondents in Australia (n =518) to respond to a real CSR campaign launched by a beer company. The results showed that CSR belief mediates the relationship between corporate hypocrisy and consumers’ attitudes toward the company. The results indicated a perception that companies may use CSR to try to shift the blame from producers to users. The results of this study provide guidelines for managers, social marketers, and public policy makers on how to create and evaluate companies’ CSR campaigns. The results of this study contribute to the debate on how consumers respond to various CSR campaigns as well as the intended or unintended consequences of CSR in directing consumers’ attention away from the negative impacts businesses have on society.     

How CSR Leads to Corporate Brand Equity: Mediating Mechanisms of Corporate Brand Credibility and Reputation

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among corporate social responsibility (CSR), corporate brand credibility, corporate brand equity, and corporate reputation. Structural equation modeling analysis provided support for the hypotheses from a sample of 867 consumers in South Korea. The results showed that CSR has a direct positive effect on corporate brand credibility and corporate reputation. In addition, the results indicate that corporate brand credibility mediates the relationship between CSR and corporate reputation. Moreover, corporate brand credibility mediates the relationship between CSR and corporate reputation. Finally, the relationship between CSR and corporate brand equity is sequentially and fully mediated by corporate brand credibility and corporate reputation. The theoretical and managerial implications of the results and limitations are discussed, and future research directions are suggested.     

Consumer perceptions of corporate social responsibility in town shopping centres and their influence on shopping evaluations

This paper investigates the effects of retailer and town centre actions to demonstrate corporate social responsibility (CSR) on consumers’ evaluations of town shopping centres. Examples of CSR actions are donations to charities, support for schools or cultural or sports events and demonstrations of concern for the natural environment. Recent research literature suggests such actions can have positive effects on the attractiveness of retail stores, and hence are a potential basis of competitive advantage. This paper investigates if similar effects occur for evaluations of town shopping centres. Hypotheses about the mediating and moderating effects of CSR are tested in two conjoint experiments conducted on shoppers in the UK. The results shows that the explanatory and predictive performance of destination choice models for shopping can improve if they include indicators of a centre's CSR performance but the effects of CSR attributes are small compared to the effects of non-CSR attributes.     

An Exploratory Study of the Impact of Degree of Religiousness Upon an Individual's Corporate Social Responsiveness Orientation

The recent failures and scandals involving many large businesses have highlighted the importance of corporate social responsibility as a fundamental factor in the soundness of the free market system. The corporate social responsiveness orientation of business executives plays an important role in corporate decision making since managers make important decisions on behalf of their corporations. This paper explores whether there is a relationship between an individual's degree of religiousness and his or her corporate social responsiveness (CSR) orientation. The results of a survey of 473 business students found a significant relationship between degree of religiousness and attitudes toward the economic and ethical components of CSR. Some explanations as well as limited generalizations and implications are developed.