Ethical considerations for streaming business publications

This exploratory ethics study of a publication and presentation practice herein defined as streaming investigates the attitudes of deans of schools of business and business professors regarding such behavior. Streaming publications is the practice of presenting or publishing an article at one outlet and then taking the same article with perhaps minor revisions and presenting or publishing it at another publication outlet. The results of the survey suggest that the most important ethical behavior regarding streaming practices is disclosure. If authors fully disclose the intellectual history of a paper's developmental process, allegations of possible professional misconduct will be minimized if not eliminated.Vern C. Vincent is Professor and Director of Graduate Studies in the School of Business Administration at the University of Texas — Pan American.Wig De Moville is an Accounting Professor at the same institution.     

借来"东风"行快船

中国入世元年．东风公司抢抓入世机遇，通过实施技术创新，加快产品结构调整，全面展开国际合作战略．推进企业主辅分离．在一路硝烟中，经营业绩呈现了爆发式的增长：全年累计生产汽车41．84万辆，销售汽车41．57万辆，同比分别增长54．74%和53.05％；实现销售收入704．8亿元．同比增长49.8%实现利润同比增长140%以上，成为2002年全国盈利最高十大企业之一。     

Ethical considerations regarding public opinion polling during election campaigns

Commercial public opinion polling is an increasingly important element in practically all elections in democratic countries around the world. Poll results and pollsters are relatively new and autonomous voices in our human communities. Here I try to connect such polling directly to morality and democratic processes. Several arguments have been and might be used for and against banning such polling during elections, i.e., for and against effectively silencing these voices. I present the arguments on both sides of this issue, and try to show that there are reasonable responses to all the arguments in favour of banning polls. Then I review some proposed Canadian legislation concerning banning polls and, alternatively, requiring disclosure of methodological features of polls. Finally, I offer a model set of disclosure standards for the publication of poll results during election campaigns. Alex Michalos is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Business Ethics, the Editor of Social Indicators Research and the author of 13 books and over 5 dozen articles. His five volume North American Social Report received the 1984 Canadian Secretary of State's Award for Excellence in Interdisciplinary Studies in the field of Canadian Studies. Volume One of his four volume Global Report on Student Well-Being has recently been released by Springer-Verlag.An earlier and longer version of this paper was written for and presented to the Canadian Royal Commission on Electoral Reform and Party Financing in June 1990.     

东方快车--上海"大通关"启示录

上海道路 对外贸易的迅速增长对上海口岸的通关能力造成了巨大压力.受全球经济一体化、入世以及现代物流发展的影响,社会各界尤其是高新技术产品生产企业对口岸工作效率的要求越来越高.     

Ethical choices in the design and administration of executive compensation programs

Within the past few years, executives have come under increased scrutiny and criticism for the levels of compensation they receive. At the same time, corporate practices surrounding the design and review of executive compensation programs have received increased attention. While some recent executive misconduct has involved violations of the law, many academics and other corporate critics view the issues involving executive compensation more from an ethical than a legal perspective. Several dimensions of the executive compensation decision process offer significant opportunities for ethical choices. This article identifies the major components of executive compensation and highlights decision points in the design and administration of each component where ethical issues may arise. Proposals to reduce the potential for ethical misconduct are also offered.     

Ethical and moral considerations and the principle of excellence in management consulting

This paper discusses the diversity of specializations, applications, practices and practitioners of management consulting (and the standards and criteria); ways in which consultants do, can or should relate to or contribute to the effectiveness of executives and/or specialized staff personnel (considering the usual partial overlap in knowledge and experience); optimization of contribution; advancing the profession as a whole, etc.In situations of great complexity, the creative contributions derived from judgment — when the factual foundations are sound and adequate — can often be especially valuable to clients. The necessary and appropriate foundations for these are also considered; all in connection with the concept of excellence, as inseparable from ethics.     

Ethical Ideology and Ethical Judgments in the Portuguese Accounting Profession

The purpose of the present study is to examine the attitudes of Portuguese chartered accountants with respect to questions of ethical nature that can arise in their professional activity. Respondents were asked to respond to the Ethics Position Questionnaire developed by Forsyth (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39(1), 175–184, 1980), in order to determine their idealism and relativism levels. Subsequently, they answered questions about five scenarios related to accounting practices, with the objective of measuring their ethical judgments. Based on the idealism and relativism levels of our respondents, they were classified into one of four groups, representing different ethical ideologies (absolutism, exceptionism, subjectivism, and situationism). The results indicated that age was the major determinant of relativism. Contrary to previous research, older respondents revealed themselves significantly more relativistic than younger ones. Gender seems to be the most important determinant of ethical judgments; against expectations, men evidenced significantly stricter judgments than women in two of the five scenarios. Findings also indicated that respondents’ ethical judgments did not differ significantly based on their ethical ideology, supporting the idea that ethical ideology is not an important determinant of ethical judgments.     

The Effects of Ethical Leadership and Ethical Climate on Employee Ethical Behavior in the International Port Context

This study empirically examined the effects of ethical leadership and ethical climate on employee ethical behavior in the international port context using survey data collected from 128 respondents who worked in Taiwan International Ports Corporation (TIPC) in Taiwan. Research hypotheses were formulated from the previous literature and tested using structural equation modeling. Results indicated that ethical leadership had a significant impact on ethical climate and the ethical behavior of TIPC employees. Ethical climate was found to be positively associated with employee ethical behavior. The theoretical and practical implications of the research findings are discussed.     

Gender Differences in Ethical Frameworks and Evaluation of Others' Choices in Ethical Dilemmas

This paper examines the relationship between gender and ethical decision models employed by managers. Subjects completed a survey that measured the extent to which they focused on actions or the outcomes of those actions in determining whether a behavior was ethical or not. The study also examined subjects' reactions to other managers' responses to ethical dilemmas. Results suggest that men and women do not differ in their underlying ethical models, that they do differ in the way in which they evaluate others in ethical situations, and that ethical predispositions play an important role in those evaluations.     

Predictors of Ethical Code Use and Ethical Tolerance in the Public Sector

This paper reports the results of a survey of ethical attitudes, values, and propensities in public sector employees in Australia. It was expected that demographic variables, personal values, and contextual variables at the individual level, and group- and organisational-level values would predict use of formal codes of ethics and ethical tolerance (tolerance of unethical behaviour). Useable data were received from 500 respondents selected at random across public sector organisations in a single Australian state. Results supported the study hypotheses, but indicated that different mechanisms underlie each of the criterion variables. Use of ethical codes was determined primarily on the basis of a perception that others use the code, while ethical tolerance was determined by personal values. At an applied level, the research highlights the need for orgasnizations to establish a critical mass of code users, so that this operates as a normative influence on others in the organization.     

Ethical Blindness

Many models of (un)ethical decision making assume that people decide rationally and are in principle able to evaluate their decisions from a moral point of view. However, people might behave unethically without being aware of it. They are ethically blind. Adopting a sensemaking approach, we argue that ethical blindness results from a complex interplay between individual sensemaking activities and context factors.     

Diversity programs in chain

A human-resources strategy that embraces diversity will likely assist a food-service chain in maintaining a workplace that attracts and keeps a variety of employees. A limited study of 16 companies, however, indicates that diversity management may not be a high priority.     

企业在市场开拓中需要遵循的诚信互惠和礼仪原则

<正>企业离开市场就难以生存,赢得了客户就赢得了市场,这个道理谁都清楚。面对市场就要不断与人打交道,但人是极其复杂的,在打交道中赢得人心的玄妙似乎难以掌握,但只要我们以真诚之心把握以下几条基本的原则并在实践中恰如其分地加以运用,就会使我们不断赢得客户和合作伙伴的好感,继而与其建立和持久良好的关系,在双赢的同时也为企业带来无穷的活力、魅力和滚滚的财富。     

Ethical concerns in grievance arbitration

Although the use of arbitration has become commonplace in the organizational world, the ethical issues surrounding arbitration have never been fully explored. The paper reviews ethical issues in arbitration, particularly in terms of forensic bias parallels, that may affect decision-making and make the arbitrator's decision questionable. Finally, the maintenance of fairness in the arbitration process, and the importance of an ethically acceptable system of organizational justice are also discussed.Robert A. Giacalone is Associate professor of Management Systems at the E. Claiborne Robins School of Business, University of Richmond. He is co-editor (with Paul Rosenfeld) ofImpression Management in the Organization (Erlbaum, 1989) andApplied Impression Management (Sage, 1991) and has authored papers on business ethics, organizational sabotage, exit interviewing, and impression management in organizational life. His work has appeared inHuman Relations, Business and Society Review, Journal of Business Ethics, andJournal of Social Psychology, as well as in a variety of other journals.James C. Goodwin is Professor of Management at the University of Richmond. He previously taught at the University of North Carolina and at Florida State University and served as a petroleum engineer with Chevron and Atlantic-Richfield. Dr. Goodwin is the author of numerous articles which have appeared in national and international journals.Martha L. Reiner is Assistant Professor of Management at the E. Claiborne Robins School of Business, University of Richmond. She received her Ph.D. in business and public policy. She has co-authored articles that appeared in theCalifornia Management Review and theNonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly.The authors would like to thank Hinda Greyser Pollard for her insightful comments on a previous draft of this paper.     

Ethical issues in international lending

This article deals with the ethical issues faced by commercial banks, governments and international financial institutions in their international lending activities. Such issues include not only to whom and for what purpose such lending takes place but also the more delicate questions of the relations between sovereign lending and economic management, as well of lending to sovereign countries embroiled in situations of conflict. It leads to the ethical issues raised by the present international debt crisis: co-responsibility, burden-sharing, role of the international organisations. Finally, capital flight out of developing countries is studied as a special case.Bernard Snoy born in Bois-Seigneur-Isaac (Belgium) in 1945.Holder of bachelor's degree in philosophy and of doctor's degree in law from Catholic University of Louvain and of Ph.D. in economics from Harvard.Has worked for 12 years with the World Bank in Washington and in Paris.Has been teaching at the Catholic University of Louvain and at the College of Europe (Bruges).Has been for two years Economic Adviser at the Commission of the European Communities.Since May 1988, Bernard Snoy assumed the position of Chief of the Minister's Cabinet at the Belgian Ministry of Finance.This presentation made in November 1987 reflects the views of the speaker and does not necessarily represent the views of the Commission.     

Ethical Issues in Electronic Commerce

This article reviews the incredible growth of electronic commerce (e-commerce) and presents ethical issues that have emerged. Security concerns, spamming, Web sites that do not carry an "advertising" label, cybersquatters, online marketing to children, conflicts of interest, manufacturers competing with intermediaries online, and "dinosaurs" are discussed. The power of the Internet to spotlight issues is noted as a significant force in providing a kind of self-regulation that supports an ethical e-commerce environment.