做实养老个人账户完善制度模式的研究

养老保险个人账户的＂空账＂运行一直是影响养老保险制度发展和完善的瓶颈,也是社会普遍关注的突出问题。本文提出通过完善基本养老保险制度模式,解决个人账户＂空账＂问题的改革方案：将现行基本养老保险制度分为国家基本养老保险制度、地方养老保险制度、独立的个人账户养老金制度,再加上企业年金、商业人寿保险等,构成我国养老保障的制度体系。     

养老保险个人账户现金流模型及测算

科学合理地测算养老保险个人账户的未来现金流,才能对个人账户"空账"规模心中有数,进而才能有效地做实个人账户。那么个人账户现金流的测算就成为做实个人账户工作的前提条件。根据不同的需要,对模型变量赋予不同的数值,我们可以测算单个个人账户现金流及不同统筹层次范围的个人账户现金流情况,对个人账户进行定量分析。     

做实个人账户观点综述与试点评价

围绕我国城镇企业职工基本养老保险个人账户做事与否的问题,目前主要存在做实、逐步做实和不做实三种基本观点,而分歧的焦点集中在“个人账户是养老权还是财产权”上.做实个人账户试点的诸多弊端正是忽视了养老权这个实质,从而在宏观、中观和微观三个层面加大了我国统一社会养老保险体系的转型成本,并延缓了我国统一社会养老保险制度的建立.     

我国养老保险个人账户研究综述

养老保险个人账户缴费制度一直是我国养老保险制度改革的重点,改革虽取得重大成效,但依然存在着诸多问题。本文在个人账户研究理论的基础上,介绍了国内学者在探究做实个人账户、个人账户基金投资管理和保值增值上的研究,以使人们全面了解养老保险个人账户的研究现状,为完善个人账户制度研究打下基础。     

“变堵为疏”——解决城镇企业职工基本养老保险个人账户空账问题的新思路

本文了提出了养老金制度的本质,以此为基础,分析了做实企业职工基本养老保险个人账户的两大理由,解读了做实基本养老保险个人账户的两大瓶颈。研究表明,国家主要运用了＂堵＂的思路来解决企业职工基本养老保险个人账户空账问题。与现收现付制相比,即使做实基本养老保险个人账户也并非有利于有效应对人口老龄化的冲击,结合我国社会主义市场经济发展实际,个人账户实账很可能无法增加储蓄和促进经济发展,而继续做实基本养老保险个人账户会面临难以突破的资金瓶颈和资本市场瓶颈,必然会引起制度成本的上升。因此,本文建议采取＂变堵为疏＂的思路,进行参量改革,解决基本养老保险个人账户空账问题,优化企业职工基本养老保险个人账户制度。     

实现个人账户“实账化”完善基本养老保险制度

我国的基本养老保险制度改革始于八十年代，经过近二十年的探索，摸索出了一套适应我国国情的模式——实行社会统筹和个人账户相结合的基本养老保险制度。     

农民工养老保险个人账户制度研究

根据<社会保险法>第九十五条"进城务工的农村居民依照本法规定参加社会保险",农民工养老保险问题有了法律依据,但是缺乏具有可操作性的制度规定,构建独立运行的农民工养老保险制度迫在眉睫.在个人账户制度下,农民工养老保险是看得见、可积累、可转移的养老权益,既可以与城镇职工养老保险制度对接,又可以与新农村养老保险制度对接.依照...     

我国基本养老保险个人账户基金投资运营模式探索

随着基本养老保险个人账户基金的积累,基金的运营的重要性日益凸显,按照我国现行的政策,个人账户基金的投资运营还面临各种限制,但在未来个人账户基金进行多元化的市场投资运营将是必然的选择,通过对国内外个人账户基金投资运营的概述,探索我国基本养老保险个人账户基金投资运营模式。     

Determinants of pension funding and asset allocation decisions

Prior research suggests that the funding and asset allocation decisions for defined benefit pension plans may be based on tax, risk, and profitability factors. Much of the previous empirical work, however, suffers from statistical problems that may produce misleading or contradictory results. We employ a confirmatory factor analytic model to address the statistical problems plaguing pension research. Various competing hypotheses are tested simultaneously. Findings indicate that firms use pensions to offset business risk.An earlier version of this article was presented at the Financial Management Association Meetings held in Toronto, October 1993. Much of the work on this article was done while the authors were at the University of Texas-Arlington.     

关于做实养老金个人账户的研究

建立个人账户制度是我国养老金制度改革的关键环节。目前,我国关于个人账户制度的很多举措都在试点中,效果都还有待检验。本文从我国个人账户制度的现状入手,通过分析我国个人账户发展所面临的问题,提出个人账户应该暂缓做实。     

Fiscal institutions and the funding of US state and local pension plans

This paper investigates the relationship between the funded ratio of US public pension plans and several fiscal institutions adopted by state governments. The author analysed a large data set from 1997 to 2012, and found that states with stricter balanced budget requirements and debt limits had a lower pension funded ratio, whereas states with tax and spending limits in place had a higher funded ratio. The findings contribute to the current debate on public sector pension reforms in the US and internationally.     

On risk charges and shadow account options in pension funds

This paper studies the economic implications of regulatory systems which allow equityholders of pension companies to not only charge a specific premium to compensate them for their higher risk (compared to policyholders), but also to accumulate these risk charges in a so-called shadow account in years when they are not immediately payable due to e.g. poor investment results. When surpluses are subsequently reestablished, clearance of the shadow account balance takes priority over bonus/participation transfers to policyholders. We see such a regulatory accounting rule as a valuable option to equityholders and our paper develops a model in which the influence of risk charges and shadow account options on stakeholders’ value can be quantified and studied. Our numerical results show that the value of shadow account options can be significant and thus come at the risk of expropriating policyholder wealth. However, our analysis also shows that this risk can be remedied if proper attention is given to the specific contract design and to the fixing of fair contract parameters at the outset.     

Analysis of embedded options in individual pension schemes in Germany

Newly introduced government-subsidized pension products in Germany are required to contain a promise by the seller to provide a “money-back guarantee” at the end of the term. The client is also given the right to stop paying premiums at any time (paid-up option). In this case, the amount of all premiums paid must also be guaranteed by the seller at maturity, no matter when the client stopped paying the premiums. Previous analyses of guarantees in such government-subsidized pension products have ignored this additional option. Within a generalized Black/Scholes framework, we analyze the value of the paid-up option for different products, market scenarios, and client behavior. Our results indicate that the paid-up option significantly increases the value of the money-back guarantee. Furthermore, we find that reducing volatility by shifting the client’s assets from stocks to bonds as maturity approaches is a suitable means of reducing the risk arising from the “pure” money-back guarantee but much less effective in reducing the risk arising from the paid-up option. JEL Classification G13 · G23 · G28     

中国企业职工基本养老保险名义账户制度研究

针对我国企业职工基本养老保险个人账户制度发生异化的现状,本文提出了变堵为疏的思路,认为有必要进行参量改革,实行名义账户制。从三个维度对典型名义账户制养老金计划进行了描述,构建了典型名义账户制养老金计划的均衡模型,既应用瑞典的经验证明了均衡模型的科学合理性,又应用均衡模型对名义账户制养老金计划在我国的可行性进行了实证分析。     

养老保险费改税目标下统账结合规则改进刍议

面对国家财政负担趋重、养老金统筹层级偏低、各地缴费费率不一等现实问题,费改税是养老保险体制完善的现实需求.然而,由于税收形式与养老金完全积累形式的天然互斥,倘若向基本养老保险直接套用税收概念,则不免遭遇养老金的有偿性、专用性特征于税收语境无法获得肯认的法理阻碍.对此,可行的改革逻辑是以统账结合规则为突破口,区别化改进社...     

城镇企业养老保险个人账户给付期测算研究——基于预期寿命的视角

养老保险个人账户给付期的科学设计是养老保险个人账户制度持续、稳定运行的关键.本文从预期寿命的角度构建了城镇企业职工养老保险个人账户给付期的测算模型,并从分性别和分地区预期寿命角度对养老保险个人账户给付期进行了测算,测算表明我国法定养老保险个人账户给付期设计与预期寿命变化不协调,并导致个人账户超支月数越来越大.可通过适当延长养老保险个人账户给付期、推迟退休年龄提高我国养老保险个人账户制度的运行效率.