Efficiency of U.S. conservation-compliance program

Under the conservation-compliance program, most of the individual producers are forced to cut their soil erosion to 7 t per acre annually irrespective of the marginal cost of controlling soil erosion. In a system where coupons to a ton of soil loss were issued to producers and traded, the marginal cost of controlling soil loss within each soil type and across different soil types would be equalized. An instrumental variable procedure was used to determine the effect of soil erosion on net profits. The results for Iowa show that there is considerable difference in the marginal opportunity cost of controlling soil erosion between soil types. By assigning one ton of erosion to Iowa soil type Downs (5-10% slope) instead of Clarion (2-5% slope), there is a savings of $5.00 per acre for the society as a whole. The tradable coupon system is not only efficient, but will also bring in more land under soil conservation.     

Generic Advertising of U.S. Lamb

ABSTRACT

Generic advertising of U.S. lamb by the U.S. sheep and lamb industry is an effort to reverse an almost continual decline in the industry since World War II. This analysis explores the answers to three related questions: (1) What have been the effects of the generic lamb advertising on U.S. and foreign sheep, lamb, and wool markets? (2) Has the generic lamb advertising program effectively increased the consumption of domestically produced lamb as intended rather than imported lamb? (3) What have been the returns to U.S. sheep producers, feeders, and packers who pay for the advertising? Using a 70-equation, non-spatial, price equilibrium, simultaneous econometric simulation model of the world sheep, lamb, and wool markets, the analysis concludes that the U.S. lamb industry’s generic lamb advertising program has positively impacted their markets, enhanced profitability of the industry, and increased the industry’s share of domestic lamb consumption.     

C.A.E.S. Student Prize Essay-1976

Commercial marketing of hogs in Manitoba has traditionally been characterized by great variability. This paper undertakes to analyze the major determinants of Manitoba's hog supply. A model is presented and the relative effectiveness of several possible stabilization programs is considered.
L'abbattage des porcs au Manitoba a toujours été trés variable. Cet article analyse les facteurs principaux qui détermine la production des porcs au Manitoba. Un modéle est proposé, et l'on discute l'efficacité relative de plusieurs programmes de stabilisation.     

Impacts of the U.S.-Canadian Potash Dispute on the Costs of U.S. Crop Production

The 1987 U.S. antidumping case against Canadian potash producers has had a significant impact on the production costs of major potash-using crops in the United States. This paper examines these impacts for selected U. S. crops by way of a counterfactual analysis. A transfer function is used to model retail potash prices and the change in the series resulting from the case. Results indicate that expenditures on potash by U. S. farmers increased by an average US $ 0.08 per acre for wheat to US $ 1.78 for potatoes during 1988–92 (July-June). Overall, total U.S. potash expenditures increased by an estimated US $ 629.1 million over this period as a result of the antidumping case.
Le cas américain « anti-dumping >> 1987 contre les producteurs canadiens depotasse aeuun effet majeur sur le coût de production des produits agricoles utilisant intensivement de la potasse awe États-Unis. Cet article évalue ces effets pour certains cultures américaines avec une analyse contrefactuel. Un fonction à transfert est développé pour analyser les prix de vente au détail de la potasse et le changement des prix résultant. Les résultats indiquent que les frais d'achats depotasse par les producteurs américains augmentaient d'une moyenne de 0,08 $ E-U par acre pour le bléà une moyenne de 1,78 $ E-Upour les pommes de terres pendant 1988–1992 (juillet-juin). En somme, l'augmentation des dépenses américains totales pour la potasse est estiméà 629,1 millions de $ E-U durant cette période en conséquence de l'affaire >> antidumping «.     

Supply response of U.K. milk producers

Short‐run own‐price response elasticities are estimated from two samples of panel data for specialist dairy farms in the Northwest and Southwest of England. Although these farms are subject to milk marketing quotas, the free tradability of quotas enables them individually to adjust the output quite rapidly. Model specifications have been chosen to test the ability of panel data to directly reveal behavioral responses without the imposition of theoretical restrictions. Significantly, the two independent samples generate quite similar results, especially in terms of supply response measures. Stable and promising estimates are obtained with simultaneous models giving higher elasticities than single equation models.     

E.E.C. FISHERIES POLICY

This paper looks at the special characteristics of the fishing industry which distinguish it from the rest of the ‘agricultural’ sector and which have made its organisation at E.E.C. level both politically and economically difficult. It examines the reasons for the moves behind the creation of a common fisheries policy, the difficulties which the Community of nine (and subsequently ten) countries had in adapting to rules worked out previously by the Six, the subsequent protracted negotiations and the eventual achievement of the new policy which was agreed in January, 1983. The details of the new Common Fisheries Policy are then outlined with possible future problems in the implementation of the policy as well as the opportunities it provides described by way of conclusion.     

Econometric Examination of U.S. Potato-Related Market Relationships

Abstract

Modeling results, from a U.S. International Trade Commission investigation, that illuminate potato-related competitive conditions, particularly U.S. market impacts of potato imports, are presented. Estimation and simulation results of a monthJy vector autoregression model of the U.S. fresh and frozen trench fry markets suggest that the own-price elasticity of fresh table potato demand is more moderately elastic than previously thought; that U.S. fresh potato and trench fry markets only modestly interact, because the fresh table market residually and infrequently supplies raw product to processors; and that increased U.S. imports of fresh Canadian potatoes are likely a regional problem in Northeast U.S. markets, and do not appreciably influence potato-related prices or quantities nationally. Given the scarce potato-related literature, the model's estimated market parameters arc of interest.     

U.S. AND E.E.C. POLICY ATTITUDES COMPARED TOWARDS THE 1977 INTERNATIONAL SUGAR AGREEMENT

The world sugar market is vulnerable to changes in Government domestic support policies: the impact of these policies for the volume of international trade is presented for the decade to 1978. Developments in U. S. and E. E. C. sugar policies and their implications for the world sugar market are analysed. The results of these policies for the negotiation and implementation of the 1977 International Sugar Agreement are examined.     

浅析美国新能源政策及对我国的影响

应对此轮国际金融危机,美国总统奥巴马推行的新能源政策势必给美国乃至世界能源和经济发展带来深远的影响.以发展新能源为核心,辅之以节能和提高能效,构成了奥巴马能源战略的主要框架.美国新能源政策对我国的影响主要在国际环保方面、国际能源和环保领域标准化方面以及产业领域.中国应及早采取应对策略以防止陷入被动的局面,一是通过加大宣传,寻求国际理解、合作和帮助;二是加快新能源相关标准的制修订;三是积极推动能源技术革新和应用推广.     

分株紫萁的研究进展

综述了近几年国内外对分株紫萁(Osmunda cinnamoneaL.var.asiatica Fern.)的研究概况,从形态学、生物学、生理生态学、栽培和繁殖方法、药用价值及化学成分分析、营养价值及加工方法诸方面加以阐述,并提出了分株紫萁研究的展望。     

Characteristics of Successful Southeastern U.S. Agribusiness Exporters

Abstract

A survey of southeastern U.S. agribusiness exporters showed that export firms had many characteristics in common regardless of commodity category. In general, the profile of a successful southeastern U.S. agribusiness exporter in terms of export sales is one that tends to have higher total sales, foreign and domestic, and more export-market experience though the firm tends to be relatively young. While almost half of the firms engaged in promotion activities, less than a quarter of the respondents availed themselves of federal export promotion/assistance programs because of unfamiliarity or perceived costs. An overwhelming majority considered freight forwarding companies as indispensable parties to all transactions because of the extreme complexity of export-import logistics.