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1.
In the War of the Pacific (1879–1883), Chile defeated Peru and Bolivia, and acquired territories that contained vast deposits
of sodium nitrate, a leading fertilizer. Chile’s export tax on nitrates later accounted for at least one half of all government
revenue. We employ a multi-country model of export taxation in order to simulate the potential government revenues that Bolivia,
Chile and Peru could have earned under the counterfactual scenario that Chile did not conquer the nitrate-rich provinces of
its adversaries. Our results are that Peruvian and Bolivian government revenues could have been at least double their historical
levels. We estimate that, over the remainder of the nineteenth century, Chile’s earnings from nitrates would have fallen by
80%.
相似文献
Kirsten WandschneiderEmail: |
2.
Integrating service and design: the influences of organizational and communication factors on relative product and service characteristics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michael Antioco Rudy K. Moenaert Richard A. Feinberg Martin G. M. Wetzels 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2008,36(4):501-521
The aim of this study is to identify the organizational and communication antecedents, and evaluate the consequences on relative
product and service characteristics, of the use of service-sourced information by product designers during new product development.
An empirical study of 121 product design managers demonstrates that a firm’s market orientation is improved by a healthy working
relationship between product designers and service employees. Such a relationship motivates designers to use service-sourced
information disseminated to them, enhancing both product and service characteristics of the new offering. The authors discuss
how communication channels and information content affect the information use of product designers. Product designers value
written information most. Information use does not relate to the frequency of receiving verbal or electronic information.
Information about product ergonomics positively influences product designers’ perceptions of the information, whereas information
on product aesthetics negatively influences their perceptions.
相似文献
Michael Antioco (Corresponding author)Email: |
Rudy K. MoenaertEmail: |
Richard A. FeinbergEmail: |
Martin G. M. WetzelsEmail: |
3.
Eugene N. White 《Cliometrica》2007,1(2):115-144
The crash of the French stock market in 1882 presented the Paris Bourse with its worst crisis of the nineteenth century. Its
structure was similar in key respects to today’s futures markets, with a dominant forward market leading the Bourse to adopt
a common fund to guarantee transactions and liquidity. While this mutualization of risk protects clients and brokers from
idiosyncratic shocks, it is generally assumed that it also provides considerable protection against systemic shocks, as no
twentieth century exchange has been forced to shut down. Using new archival data, this paper shows how a stock market crash
overwhelmed the Bourse’s common fund. Only an emergency loan from the Bank of France, intermediated by the largest banks,
prevented a closure of the Bourse.
相似文献
Eugene N. WhiteEmail: |
4.
Brandon R. Dupont 《Cliometrica》2009,3(1):27-54
Nearly every previous study of the 1893 bank panic acknowledges its regional concentration in the Western states yet few provide
any in-depth study of what caused such a distinct regional pattern. Here, I recast the 1893 crisis as having its origins in
agricultural markets and then spreading to Western banks that were highly exposed to agricultural shocks. Negative shocks
to agricultural yields and the relative importance of the wheat crop for specific states emerge as important explanations
for the regional pattern of bank closures and thus for the panic itself.
相似文献
Brandon R. DupontEmail: |
5.
The Malthusian “preventive check” mechanism has been well documented for pre-industrial England through evidence for a negative
correlation between the marriage rate and the price of wheat. Other literature, however, speculates that the correlation was
in fact positive from the early nineteenth century. This paper uses the cointegrated VAR model and recursive estimation techniques
to document the changing relationship between nuptiality and the price of wheat from 1541 to 1965. The relationship is indeed
positive from the early nineteenth century to the First World War. A simple theoretical model shows that this result is not
in fact inconsistent with a stylised Malthusian mechanism, and can be understood within the context of an increasing dominance
of shocks to aggregate demand rather than to aggregate supply.
相似文献
Jacob WeisdorfEmail: |
6.
A meta-analytic review of opportunism in exchange relationships 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
The potential to engage in opportunism is a central theme in institutional economics, yet prior research has not quantitatively
reviewed the role of opportunism in marketing research. This study uses meta-analytic techniques to synthesize research on
opportunism conducted over the last quarter century. The analysis of 183 effect sizes extracted from 54 publications from
the period 1982 to 2005 offers some support to extant channel theory. The research also indicates that the informant’s frame
of reference and the research design significantly influence the observed effects. Implications of the findings and future
research directions are discussed.
相似文献
Robert DahlstromEmail: |
7.
In this paper we employ microeconomic evidence on the unemployment experiences of American males to evaluate the sensitivity
of unemployment to business cycle fluctuations in the late nineteenth century as compared to the mid-twentieth century. Our
results indicate a substantial decline in the value of the Okun coefficient (from −0.65 to −0.32) between the 1890s and the
1960s. These findings challenge Christina Romer’s interpretation that the measured decline in cyclical volatility of unemployment
over the twentieth century was created by improvements in the statistical record. Rather, it was changes in the underlying
dynamics of the labor market over the cycle, most notably the transition to procyclical productivity patterns and the shift
from an added to a discouraged worker effect among secondary workers, which may be summarized as the development of modern
labor market behavior, that account for the declining cyclical sensitivity of employment and the drop in the cyclical volatility
of unemployment over the century.
相似文献
John A. JamesEmail: |
8.
Francesco Cinnirella 《Cliometrica》2008,2(3):229-257
Saxony was one of the pioneer regions in the German modern economic growth. We analyze the Saxon nutritional status to infer
the effects of early industrialization on the population standard of living. We find that the nutritional status in the eighteenth
century was relatively high and heights fluctuated mainly because of wars. From the 1770s the average nutritional status declined
steadily, with the exception of the Napoleonic period, until the mid of the nineteenth century. The decline, particularly
accentuated after 1815, is related to the high share of urbanization, the increase in the relative price of food, and the
strong dependence on food imports.
相似文献
Francesco CinnirellaEmail: URL: www.lrz-muenchen.de/∼u5152ak/webserver/webdata/cinnirella/ |
9.
Standard economic indicators suggest that the USA experienced long-run economic growth throughout the nineteenth century.
However, biological indicators, including human stature, offer a different picture, rising early in the century, falling (on
average) mid-century, and rising again at the end of the century. This pattern varied across geographical regions. Using a
unique data set, consisting of mean adult stature by state, we test for convergence in stature among states in the nineteenth
century. We find that during the period of declining mean stature (1820–1870), heights actually diverged. Later in the century
(1870–1890) we find a type of “negative” convergence indicating that stature among states tended to converge to a new, lower
steady state. Only towards the end of the century (1880–1900) do we find classic convergence behavior. We argue that the diversity
of economic experiences across regions, including urbanization, industrialization, and transportation improvements, explain
this pattern of divergence and then convergence.
相似文献
Lee A. CraigEmail: |
10.
Researchers have typically studied the relationship between technology alliances and market value from a direct tie or dyadic
perspective. Yet any given technology alliance is typically embedded in a network of indirect ties created by the alliance
partners’ relationships with other firms. We argue that whether an indirect tie enhances or detracts from the market value
a firm creates in a technology alliance depends upon factors related to inter-firm competencies at both an alliance- and partner-level
of analysis. Empirical analysis of abnormal stock returns reveals support for the hypothesized contingent relationship between
indirect ties and value creation within technology alliances. Theoretically, the paper clarifies opposing perspectives in
the literature regarding the performance implications of indirect ties and identifies market value as a hitherto unrecognized
effect associated with this type of tie. Managerially, the findings improve marketers’ ability to leverage the complex interactions
that occur between technology alliances in a value-creating manner.
相似文献
D. Eric Boyd (Corresponding author)Email: |
Robert E. SpekmanEmail: |
11.
Serge A. Rijsdijk Erik Jan Hultink Adamantios Diamantopoulos 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2007,35(3):340-356
In the last decade, companies have developed a large number of intelligent products. Due to the use of information technology,
these products operate somewhat autonomously, cooperate with other products, or adapt to changing circumstances. Based on
a literature review and interviews with practitioners, the present article conceptualizes product intelligence and describes
a procedure to measure the construct. The article also explores the link of product intelligence to consumer satisfaction
through the innovation attributes of relative advantage, compatibility, and complexity. The article considers practical and
theoretical implications and identifies future research directions.
相似文献
Adamantios DiamantopoulosEmail: |
12.
We evaluate explanations for why Germany grew so quickly in the 1950s. The recent literature has emphasized convergence, structural
change and institutional shake-up while minimizing the importance of the postwar shock. We show that this shock and its consequences
were more important than neoclassical convergence and structural change in explaining the rapid growth of the West German
economy in the 1950s. We find little support for the hypothesis of institutional shakeup. This suggests a different interpretation
of post-World War II German economic growth than features in much of the literature.
相似文献
Albrecht Ritschl (Corresponding author)Email: |
13.
In an effort to understand the determinants of economic growth in an emerging economy, we analyze the effects of institutional
reforms, wars and political events on the risk level of the Israeli stock market between 1945 and 1960. We find that the anticipation
of wars did not have any effect but the end of skirmishes actually raised the risk on the stock market. Domestic political
instability also increased the stock market risk. Finally we find that most legal reforms did not matter much.
相似文献
Miriam KrauszEmail: |
14.
Roberto Ricciuti 《Cliometrica》2008,2(3):259-274
The Italian fiscal history is characterised by a number of fiscal consolidations. In this study, we characterise fiscal policy
in terms of non-linear deterministic processes. We find that government spending and taxes can be described as being non-linear
trend stationary processes instead of unit roots. A long run equilibrium relationship—a non-linear co-trend—does exist between
the two series, fulfilling the intertemporal government budget constraint. We interpret this result as evidence of a long
run fiscal rule that different policy makers have adopted, putting public finance in balance.
相似文献
Roberto RicciutiEmail: |
15.
Xueming Luo Maxwell K. Hsu Sandra S. Liu 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2008,36(2):202-214
This study uncovers the ignored role of institutional environment for marketing strategy and customer relationship management.
Hypothesis tests in a sample of Chinese firms find support that channel networking strengthens the customer orientation–customer
trust/commitment–firm performance (CTP) causal chain. In addition, the results show that government networking moderates this
chain in a non-linear fashion. The CTP linkages are most salient when the firm develops a moderate level, rather than a high
or low level of networking ties with government agencies.
相似文献
Sandra S. LiuEmail: |
16.
The effect of market orientation and its components on innovation consequences: a meta-analysis 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Amir Grinstein 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2008,36(2):166-173
While there is a rich body of research on market orientation’s effect on business performance, much little attention has been
given to its effect on innovation consequences. This is the first meta-analytic effort to study the independent effects of
market orientation components (customer orientation, competitor orientation, interfunctional coordination) on innovation consequences.
Also, it is the first meta-analysis to study the impact of contextual characteristics on the way market orientation affects
innovation consequences. The study finds that market orientation components positively affect innovation consequences but
that competitor orientation’s effect depends on a minimum level of customer orientation. The study also suggests that the
relationship between market orientation and innovation consequences is stronger in highly competitive environments but weaker
in technology turbulent ones. Finally, findings suggest that the relationship is stronger in large firms, service companies,
and in countries characterized by high individualism and high power distance national cultures.
相似文献
Amir GrinsteinEmail: |
17.
Joseph Maciariello 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2009,37(1):35-43
Peter F. Drucker is well known for stating that there is only one valid purpose of a business: to create a customer. And that
there are only two basic business functions: marketing and innovation. The body of material on management that he produced
contains frequent references to this purpose and these functions, but Drucker never distilled the specific tasks within his
management approach that result in implementing this purpose and these functions. This paper distills the executive practices
and tasks that are necessary to implement this purpose and these functions and it does so using a systems framework.
相似文献
Joseph MaciarielloEmail: |
18.
This paper examines a tendency within existing marketing scholarship to compartmentalize ethical issues. It also shows how
this tendency can cause ethical tensions and conflicts in marketing practice. The emerging service-dominant (S-D) logic for
marketing, as proposed by Vargo and Lusch, is explored as an example of an approach to marketing that overcomes this tendency.
The S-D logic is found to be a positive development for marketing ethics because it facilitates the seamless integration of
ethical accountability into marketing decision-making. Specific recommendations are made for improving the ethical climate
in marketing using marketing performance measurement theory and practice.
相似文献
Patrick E. MurphyEmail: |
19.
Despite substantial benefits of an effective complaint management for companies, there is ample evidence that many firms do
not handle customer complaints appropriately. This paper aims at providing a theoretical explanation for this surprising phenomenon.
Drawing on psychological and organizational theory, the authors introduce the concept of defensive organizational behavior
towards customer complaints as well as provide a rich conceptualization and operationalization of this phenomenon. Moreover,
in an empirical study, they systematically analyze how defensive organizational behavior towards customer complaints is driven
by organizational antecedents and, based on a dyadic data set, how it affects customer post-complaint reactions.
相似文献
Andreas FürstEmail: |
20.
Linking cause-related marketing to sales force responses and performance in a direct selling context
Brian V. Larson Karen E. Flaherty Alex R. Zablah Tom J. Brown Joshua L. Wiener 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2008,36(2):271-277
The influence of a firm’s cause-related marketing efforts on sales representative attitudes and behavioral performance is
investigated. Results from a field study indicate that the influence of a representative’s construed customer attitude toward
the cause campaign on selling behavioral performance is mediated through cognitive identification and selling confidence.
Further, the influence of construed customer attitude toward the campaign on selling confidence is moderated by cognitive
identification such that the effects are stronger for salespeople with lower levels of identification with the company. The
authors discuss the implications of the research and offer directions for further research.
相似文献
Joshua L. WienerEmail: |