人民币国际化，自主型经济发展的理性选择

在面对全球经济下行风险的特殊背景下,人民币国际化应该服务于中国经济与社会进一步发展的现实需要,以区域化的计价与结算为起点,稳步推进     

当前票据市场业务快速发展的特点、成因及规范建议

2012年年初以来,大连市票据市场交易活跃,银行承兑汇票签发量增加较多,贴现、转贴现业务同比增长较快,票据融资占各项贷款的比重同比明显提升。票据业务近期发展较快,既有该项业务本身具有比较优势的原因,也是当前流动性充裕和银企双方经营调整与博弈的结果。在市场快速发展的同时,如何从统计角度体现票据融资对实体经济支持的有效性、不放松票据真实性审核力度,以及完善银行票据业务内控机制等问题仍不容忽视,为此,文章就进一步规范和推动票据市场健康发展提出相关政策建议。     

亚行支持私营部门投资再发展

一个强大而富有活力的私营部门对于经济增长来说,至关重要。这也是实现持续减贫的必要条件。如果私营部门不能发挥作用,任何一个政府都不可能同时实现可持续发展和减贫这两个目标。在亚行驻中国代表处新办公地址——国贸大厦,首席代表保罗·海登斯对《国际融资》记者说：“亚行的核心产品不是资金．也不是为私营部门能有效动员足够资金的部门融资。亚行提供的是远比单纯的资金更具有战略意义的重要东西,这就是促进私营部门发展的作用力”     

中国对美直接投资现状分析与发展对策建议

中国对美直接投资（FDI）在过去近10年时间里保持着快速增长态势,并拥有良好的发展前景。文章归纳了中国对美FDI所表现出的基本特征,全面分析了近年来促进中国对美FDI增长的驱动因素,以及国内企业在对美FDI中遇到的制约因素,指出为继续推动中国对美FDI的快速发展,需要中美两国加强政治上的互信与理解,也需要中国企业充分熟知美国的投资规则,提高自身投资管理技能。     

The determinants of the price impact of block trades: further evidence

This article extends previous literature which examines the determinants of the price impact of block trades on the Australian Stock Exchange. As previous literature suggests that liquidity exhibits intraday patterns, we introduce time of day dummy variables to explore time dependencies in price impact. Following theoretical developments in previous literature, the explanatory power of the bid–ask spread, a lagged cumulative stock return variable and a refined measure of market returns are also examined. The model estimated explains approximately 29 per cent of the variation in price impact. Block trades executed in the first hour of trading experience the greatest price impact, while market conditions, lagged stock returns and bid–ask spreads are positively related to price impact. The bid–ask spread provides most of the explanatory power. This suggests that liquidity is the main driver of price impact.     

认真总结Shibor建设经验，做好新时期Shibor工作

经过五年多来的建设培育,Shibor已基本确立了我国货币市场基准利率地位,成为传导货币政策、反映市场利率变动的重要指标,并在市场化利率形成机制中发挥重要作用。文章总结五年来Shibor建设和培育的经验,探讨进一步夯实Shibor货币市场基准利率地位的工作思路,指出在利率市场化不断推进和金融市场持续发展的新时期,继续做好Shibor建设培育工作显得更加紧迫,也具有十分重要的意义。各报价行应高度重视,齐心协力,推动Shibor建设培育工作再上新的台阶。     

Complexity science and theory development for the futures field

Complexity science unifies some forty diverse features that arise from the evolution of the civil system and these underlie theory development in the futures field. The main features of an evolutionary methodology deal with emergence, macrolaws, civil or societal transitions, macrosystem design, and the absorption of extreme events. The following principles apply: (1) The civil system is an open system in which investment capital is the system growth parameter that drives it away from equilibrium, with the formation of spatial structure. (2) The historical circumstances of human settlements provide a path dependency in respect of natural resources, defence, energy, transport, or communications. (3) Emergent properties arise within a complex adaptive system from which a theory of the system can be formulated, and these are not deducible from the features of the transacting entities. (4) Futures research identifies the conditions that will lead to an irreversible civil or societal phase transition to a new stage of development. (5) Emergent behaviour in the macrostructure at regional or continental levels can be influenced through critical intervention points in the global macrosystems.     

The appropriateness of statistical methods for testing contingency hypotheses in management accounting research

In recent years, the contingency-based management accounting literature has been criticized for being fragmentary and contradictory as a result of methodological limitations. This study adds to this picture by showing that the theoretical meaning of some commonly used statistical techniques is unclear, i.e. the functional forms are not precise enough to be able to discriminate between several sometimes even conflicting theories of contingency fit. The study also shows that the techniques differ significantly in terms of how interaction effects between context and management accounting are modeled. This implies that some methods are only appropriate when theory predicts interaction effects in general while others are only appropriate in cases where theory specifies a more precise functional form of interaction such as symmetrical or crossover interactions. Based on these observations, several recommendations for future research are proposed.     

Identity, appropriateness and the construction of regulatory space: the formation of the Public Accountant's Council of Ontario

Practice rights legislation in Canada continues to be contested 50 years after its first enactment. In Ontario, one of the earliest provinces to enact restrictive legislation, the challenges have focused on how the legislation has been implemented rather than on whether or not public accounting should be regulated. To better understand the contested issues in this field, we examine the process undertaken by the Public Accountants Council of Ontario to implement the Public Accountancy Act of 1950. Our analysis is based on the first 15 years of the minutes of the meetings of the Public Accountants Council for Ontario, augmented by other archival sources such as court cases, newspaper clippings, correspondence and reports. Our intent is to document the process and “logic of appropriateness” used by the Council to construct its identity and stake out its “regulatory space” in the face of the ambiguity of the law and pressure from interest groups. We also identify the contradictions that were institutionalized in this field resulting in repeated challenges to the Council. We conclude by relating the historical insights from this analysis to the continuing challenges to practice rights legislation in Ontario.     

On the theory of financial contracting: The personal loan market

Assuming rational expectations, the differing incentives of borrowers and lenders in competitive loan markets determine the typically complex nature of personal loan contracts. Given this framework, contractual provisions such as collateralization, escrow accounts, and other restrictive covenants are efficient mechanisms to control the incentive conflict: credit rationing (market failure) arguments are not necessary to explain the inclusion of these contractual provisions. Within a competitive lending market the benefits from these provisions ultimately accrue to the borrower by lowering the total cost of borrowing.     

The theory of optimal taxation: what is the policy relevance?

The paper discusses the implications of optimal tax theory for the debates on uniform commodity taxation and neutral capital income taxation. While strong administrative and political economy arguments in favor of uniform and neutral taxation remain, recent advances in optimal tax theory suggest that the information needed to implement the differentiated taxation prescribed by optimal tax theory may be easier to obtain than previously believed. The paper also points to the strong similarity between optimal commodity tax rules and the rules for optimal source-based capital income taxation.      

The theory of limit pricing: Some applications to the banking industry

This paper employs a probabilistic theory of limit pricing to examine a number of issues of bank behavior relevant to limit pricing. First, the circumtances under which an entry threat produces a procompetitive impact on prices are analyzed. In contrast to the single-product firm, unambiguous predictions are found to result only in rather special situations. Next, the theory is used to examine the conditions under which it is optimal for a bank to ration credit as a result of an entry threat, suggesting limit pricing as an alternative explanation for this phenomenon. Finally, the theory is employed to contrast the implications of limit pricing from that of a related concept (probable future competition) as they apply to bank merger policy.     

Multivariate regression tests of the arbitrage pricing theory: The instrumental-variables approach

This article expands the theoretical basis upon which empirical testing of the arbitrage pricing theory (APT) rests. Specifically, it specifies linear restrictions for worlds in which the APT holds. These restrictions may, in principle, be tested. Since the regressors in the model are only “noisy” proxies for a specific linear transformation of the factors or mimicking portfolios, testing regressions suffer from an errors-in-variables problem. The standard econometric treatment for this problem is the instrumental-variables approach. A size-based example is employed to compare the test results derived from the instrumental-variables approach to those obtained via the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. The results from both methods cannot reject a two-factor APT for the size-sorted portfolio sample. The authors appreciate the helpful comments of Edwin Burmeister, Raymond Chiang, Steve Pruitt, participant at the 1989 Western Finance Association annual meetings, Indiana University, and University of Miami, and especially Shmuel Kandel.     

The theory of collateral

This paper develops a model of the loan market, noting interrelationships between size of loan, collateral arrangements, interest rate, maturity and repayment schedule. Collateral quality is explored.