Alliance orientation: Conceptualization, measurement, and impact on market performance

Interfirm collaborations have inspired a rich literature in marketing and strategy during the past two decades. Building on this extant work, the authors developed a new construct, alliance orientation, and explored its influence on firms’ alliance network performance and market performance. The authors drew on data collected from 182 U.S. firms with extensive experience informing, developing, and managing strategic alliances in marketing, new product development, distribution, technology, and manufacturing projects. Using structural equations modeling, the authors demonstrate that alliance orientation significantly affects alliance network performance, which in turn enhances market performance. The findings also suggest that market turbulence exerts a significant moderating influence on the relationship between alliance orientation and alliance network performance, whereas the moderating role of technological turbulence on that relationship does not appear to be significant. The study provides evidence that firms’ alliance orientations positively affect their performance in strengthening their alliance network relationships and in managing conflicts with their alliance partners. Destan Kandemir (kandemir@msn.edu) is a research associate in Center for International Business Education and Research at Michigan State University. She earned her PhD in marketing and international business from Michigan State University. Her articles have appeared in theJournal of Business and Industrial Marketing, Industrial Marketing Management, theJournal of International Marketing, and theJournal of Management. Her research interests include firm resources and capabilities, market-oriented knowledge management, and global alliance management. Attila Yaprak (attila.yaprak@wayne.edu) is a professor of marketing and international business at Wayne State University. He received his PhD from Georgia State University. His research interests include cross-national consumer behavior, global marketing strategy, and international alliances. His research has appeared in theJournal of International Business Studies, theJournal of International Marketing, theJournal of Business Research, andPolitical Psychology, among others. S. Tamer Cavusgil (cavusgil@msu.edu) is University Distinguished Faculty and the John W. Byington Endowed Chair in Global Marketing in the Department of Marketing and Supply Chain Management, Eli Broad Graduate School of Management, Michigan State University.     

跨国公司进入的产业组织分析:一个关于主导厂商的模型

跨国公司进入中国会产生许多正负效应，从而引发人们的诸多思考。本文在理论分析的基础上，运 用有竞争性从属部分的主导厂商模型，分析跨国公司进入对东道国市场结构及其产出绩效影响的实质，并结 合文中的理论分析，对症下药，给出了相应的对策性建议。     

The effect of market orientation and its components on innovation consequences: a meta-analysis

While there is a rich body of research on market orientation’s effect on business performance, much little attention has been given to its effect on innovation consequences. This is the first meta-analytic effort to study the independent effects of market orientation components (customer orientation, competitor orientation, interfunctional coordination) on innovation consequences. Also, it is the first meta-analysis to study the impact of contextual characteristics on the way market orientation affects innovation consequences. The study finds that market orientation components positively affect innovation consequences but that competitor orientation’s effect depends on a minimum level of customer orientation. The study also suggests that the relationship between market orientation and innovation consequences is stronger in highly competitive environments but weaker in technology turbulent ones. Finally, findings suggest that the relationship is stronger in large firms, service companies, and in countries characterized by high individualism and high power distance national cultures.

Globalization, marketing resources, and performance: Evidence from China

Two important areas are underexplored in the relationship between marketing resources and performance. First, the subject has been primarily investigated in the context of Western countries, and inadequate attention has been given to emerging economies. Second, despite the recent growth in globalization, the moderating role of globalization on the link between marketing resources and performance has not been investigated. Addressing these important gaps, this article focuses on an emerging economy (China) and explores the moderating effect of globalization on this link. Specifically, the authors develop several hypotheses highlighting the moderating role of globalization activities (global product sourcing, global market seeking, and global partnership) on the link between marketing resources (market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, and innovative capability) and firm performance. The findings of the moderating role of globalization provide several important implications for marketing theory development and managerial practice. Xueming Luo (luoxm@uta.edu) is an assistant professor in the Department of Marketing in the College of Business Administration at the University of Texas at Arlington. Before joining the University of Texas at Arlington faculty, he was on the faculty of the State University of New York at Fredonia. His research has appeared in various journals, including theJournal of Business Research, the International Journal of Research in Marketing, the Journal of Advertising Research, the Journal of Interactive Advertising, and Industrial Marketing Management. K. Sivakumar (Ph.D., Syracuse University; k.sivakumar@lehigh. edu) is the Arthur Tauck Professor of International Marketing & Logistics and a professor of marketing at Lehigh University. Prior to joining Lehigh in 2001, he spent 9 years at the University of Illinois in Chicago. His research interests include pricing, global marketing, and innovation management. His research has been published or is forthcoming in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, the Journal of Marketing, the Journal of International Business Studies, Decision Sciences Journal, Marketing Letters, the Journal of Business Research, International Marketing Review, the Journal of Product Innovation Management, Pricing Strategy & Practice: An International Journal, Psychology & Marketing, and other publications. He has won several awards for his research (including theDonald Lehman Award) and is on the editorial board of several scholarly journals. He has won outstanding reviewer awards from two journals. Sandra S. Liu (liuss@purdue.edu) is an associate professor in the Department of Consumer Sciences and Retailing at Purdue University. She received her Ph.D. from the University of London, and her current research interest focuses on strategic marketing issues in the context of customer contact, including knowledge management in a corporation in transition and sales management in a knowledge economy. With her extensive industry experience, she has written a number of books and journal articles, which have appeared in theInternational Journal of Research in Marketing, the Journal of Business Research, theEuropean Journal of Marketing, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, among others.     

泡沫、传销效应与股市心理透析

文章通过分析激生股市泡沫的另类因素 ,论证了股市投机性泡沫具有自我实现膨胀和破灭的反馈功能。然后 ,文章从投资者心理特征———投资者认知模式的缺陷、盲目自信、从众心理、追求时尚以及后悔与谨慎———的角度 ,解释了股市泡沫的自我实现机制     

中国农村土地制度变迁与农用地、建设用地市场培育

中国农村土地制度经历了农民私有、集体所有和集体所有家庭承包三个阶段。当前,由于受城乡二元土地制度的约束,使得中国农村土地生产要素的流动,还不可能按照市场经济规律运行,广大农民群众还无法充分享受土地市场化所带来的经济增长成果,这就必然制约农民收入的持续增长,也不利于城乡差别的缩小。这就存在着如何因势利导地培育土地承包经营权流转市场以及逐步建立城乡统一的建设用地市场问题。     

我国现有上市公司法人治理结构中存在的问题及其对策

上市公司的法人治理结构是公司的核心所在。而在我国现有上市公司中,股权结构不合理,股东大会质量低,董事会、监事会功能不健全是公司法人治理结构不完善的主要表现。文章针对我国现有上市公司法人治理结构中存在的突出问题进行了探讨和分析,并着重提出了相应的对策,以力求使上市公司法人治理结构能逐步得以完善。     

会计师事务所可持续发展战略研究——基于聚类与决策树方法

聚类和决策树方法有效的结合,不仅可以实现对会计师事务所多个因素的多角度考察,同时也可以避免人为假设因素的影响及敏感特征因素的丢失。研究发现,会计师事务所的可持续发展和其自身的条件具有很强的相关性,优秀的会计师事务所应当从内涵发展和外延拓展方面实现做大做强。     

国有商业银行上市风险及改制途径探析

2005年建设银行的成功上市,标志着我国国有商业银行上市迈出了实质性的一步.国有商业银行上市,可以说是亦喜亦痛.喜的是更有利于银行的国际化发展,资本市场又出现了新的生力军;痛的是国有独资商业银行的盈利能力和资产状况难以在短时间内获得迅速改观,其面临的挑战也是很严峻.应从分析和治理国有商业银行风险的基础上,提出具体的上市改制途径.     

中小企业第三方网上交易市场探讨

当前,我国政府已经充分认识到电子商务对国家经济发展的重要意义,因此积极推动电子商务,尤其是中小企业的电子商务的发展,以提高中小企业的市场竞争力。第三方网上交易市场可以为不同的企业提供电子商务交易平台和解决方案,是一个开放的系统,这种系统最适合中小企业的电子商务开展,对这种模式的研究和开发将成为中小企业电子商务发展的方向。     

版权贸易对经济增长的影响——基于1998—2010年中国省际面板数据的实证研究

版权贸易的发展水平是衡量一个国家是否为服务贸易强国的重要指标。以1998—2010年全国26个省市版权输出和输入数据为样本,利用固定效应模型实证分析版权贸易在经济增长中发挥的作用,结果表明:版权输出和输入都对经济增长发挥了正向作用,其中版权输出的作用大于版权输入的作用。另外,由版权贸易竞争优势指数,发现中国版权贸易竞争优势较弱,且国内地区差异很大。     

转包型产业集群的长期交易及成因分析

文章在描述转包型产业集群的交易长期性和信任性的特点基础上,进而分析集群企业长期交易关系的形成、维持与强化的影响因素,揭示了长期交易发育发展既是集群自身的运行特性又是外部多种因素综合作用的必然结果。     

科学发展观指导下发展权实现目标、进程与决策机制探析

发展权是《发展权利宣言》所确立的基本人权之一。实现全国各族人民的发展权是我们的重要任务和努力目标。在执政党所提出的科学发展观指导下,发展权实现的目标在于让人民切实享有经济、社会、政治、文化和环境等诸方面因素全面发展的成果;而经济、社会、政治、文化和环境等诸方面协调发展和可持续发展保证了发展权实现进程的协调性与可持续性;发展权实现的决策中应当建立起经济影响因素与非经济影响因素的综合评估机制并实现由政府单纯主导发展决策机制向民众全面参与发展决策机制的转变。     

我国家电市场竞争特点的回顾与分析

本文将中国家电市场的发展,分为形成期、成长期和成熟期等,回顾和分析了各阶段的主要特点和竞争形势的变化。指出我国家电市场是需求驱动的市场,家电业是需求拉动成长的行业;家电市场买卖双方的竞争态势,一直是主导行业结构的基本力量;“易进难出”的格局和技术路线、战略的高度同质化,是家电市场竞争过度和引发“价格战”的根本原因。     

长株潭城市群“两型社会”发展战略

长株潭两型社会建设关系着带动湖南、探索中部地区乃至整个中国实现科学发展与构建和谐社会的重任。长株潭城市群具有自身的实际特点,在两型社会建设中需要按照科学发展观的要求,结合长株潭城市群的具体实际,制定科学合理的发展战略。文章主要运用了唯物辩证法对两型社会建设中企业、政府与社会行为以及长株潭城市群具体特点进行分析,提出了长株潭城市群资源节约型和环境友好型的发展战略。     

企业财务管理目标的主流观点及其评价

分析了目前在企业财务管理目标方面比较流行的观点利润最大化、净现值最大化、资金成本最小化、每股利润最大化、每股市价最大化、股东财富最大化、企业价值最大化、各契约关系主体利益最大化、EVA最大化、经济效益最大化等.     

行业专长、业务复杂性与审计收费简

会计师事务所的审计收费在板块、地区及所有制方面存在一定的结构性差异,而且“四大”会计师事务所的审计收费明显高于非“四大”会计师事务所。实证检验结果表明：审计收费与会计师事务所的行业专长、公司的业务复杂性存在显著的相关关系,会计师事务所的行业专长程度越高、上市公司的业务越复杂,会计师事务所的审计收费越高。国家应该鼓励会计师事务所走注重行业专长的发展道路,提高审计收费的市场化程度,实现差异化竞争,进而优化整个行业的竞争秩序。     

市场经济秩序混乱的成因及治理对策

市场经济秩序混乱的严重问题,目前已严重制约着我国市场经济的健康发展。本文通过对市场经济秩序混乱现状和存在问题的分析,揭示出造成我国市场经济秩序混乱的原因,并藉此提出整顿、规范市场经济秩序的对策建议。     

发展外商风险投资基金的制度障碍及克服构想

通过对现有外商风险投资制度的考察,结合国外先进的立法经验,从"出资限制"有限合伙制"投资者资格"业务监管"税收优惠"等角度,对外商风险投资基金的科学制度设计提出初步构想。     

大股东控制与现金持有价值关系的经验研究

本文以沪深两市2005—2010年391家上市公司为样本,检验了大股东控制对中国上市公司现金持有价值的影响。研究发现,第一大股东持股比例与企业价值间是一种近似U型的非线性关系,第一大股东持股比例的临界点为45%。将第一大股东持股比例与现金持有量的交互项引入模型,回归发现,当第一大股东持股比例小于45%时,交互项的系数显著为负,大股东控制的壕沟效应占主导;当第一大股东持股比例超过45%时,交互项的回归结果不显著。没有证据表明第一大股东性质会对企业价值发挥显著影响。