我国家电零售业处于转折发展时期

我国零售业最近二十五年的发展,都是以企业为主导,消费者始终处于被动接受的状态,专家与行家引领着行业的发展。自从有了电子零售,消费者逐渐由被动变主动,这也使零售商越来越关注消费者的体验。本文以笔者亲身经历的购物体验为素材,对我国家电连锁与电子零售的缺陷进行细致分析,并提出改进建议。     

Behavioral characteristics of the recreational shopper and implications for retail management

The success of a retail image is dependent upon the retailer's ability to appropriately match store attributes and benefits with target market characteristics. This study indicates that many consumers (recreational shoppers) shop for other than purely economic considerations. The results provide new evidence pertaining to the appropriate retail strategy for attracting such shoppers.     

Improving retail manpower planning with a quasi-subjective waiting line model

One of the most fruitful approaches for increasing marketing productivity is through more efficient manpower planning. This is particularly true in the labor intensive sectors of marketing such as retailing, particularly the retail department store. Waiting line models offer a high degree of potential for more effective manpower planning in the retail department store. The department store, however, presents a particular set of problems which make applications of waiting line models to manpower planning fairly complex. This complexity stems from two major sources: 1) consumer shopping behavior and 2) sales personnel management practices. This article discusses these problems and presents a model by which they can be handled for retail department stores. A detailed example illustrating the model's application is also provided.     

Profitable positioning for retailers

This article has considered the nature and role of positioning among retailers. The positioning of retail stores was defined as the perceived image consumers have of one store in relation to competitive outlets within the same trading area. And profitable positioning for retailers was identified as a strategy for developing and projecting unique store images for increasing the retailer’s total profits.     

对重庆市解放碑百货商场形象的调查研究

通过问卷调查,得知:解放碑商业中心对周边消费者仍然保持着强大的消费引力,大部分消费者把新世纪百货、重庆百货大楼视为较理想的购物场所,新世纪百货商场的固定消费者群的比重较高,而重百大楼的商场整体形象最好;商品质量、商场信誉、购物环境、营业员的服务态度、广告、各种优惠折扣、他人推荐是影响消费者购物商场选择的六个主要因素;通过搞好错位经营,混合业态的存在是有价值的.     

Institutional positioning: A dynamic concept for retailing strategy

The importance of retail image, i.e., consumers' perceptions of retail institutions, is well known to retailers and to marketers alike. The popularity of the issues surrounding the actual measurement of consumer perceptions of various stores is evidenced by the large number of studies published during the last 15 years. A review of the published research, however, teveals that this increased interest in retail image research has not been matched with an increase in methodological sophistication. The indication is that, with few exceptions, retail image research has not progressed very far in the past 10 years. The major weaknesses of the current retail image studies are discussed, and suggestions for improving the quality and usefulness of image research are outlined.     

A market segmentation analysis of users of a black-owned neighborhood shopping center

This study examines the characteristics and shopping behavior of urban blacks who patronize a black-owned and managed neighborhood shopping center in a large mid-western city. The shopping center is located in a community that reflects typical inner city characteristics of high unemployment, low income, and classic shortage of necessary retail and commercial facilities. The community promotion analyzed in the study was the shopping center's first formal attempt to promote the mall and provided an opportunity both to measure the traffic and the sales generating impact of the promotion and to learn about the profiles of the center's shoppers. Covered in the study are demographic and socio-economic variables, attitudes toward and perceptions of various characteristics of the mall, and various dimensions of the respondent's retail shopping behavior. Analysis of the characteristics of the shopping center's customers indicates two distinct market segments that live different distances from the mall with sex, income, age, and shopping behavior varying by segment. The hypothesis that the two groups of black shoppers, with different demographic characteristics, will also exhibit different shopping behavior was not rejected, and therefore, the authors could suggest marketing policy and strategy recommendations to management to more effectively reach and satisfy the heavy user of such shopping centers. Alpha Development Corp.     

Single and multiple person household shoppers: A focus on grocery store selection criteria and grocery shopping attitudes and behavior

Responses of single and multiple person household food shoppers are analyzed to determine whether the two groups differ with respect to (1) those store criteria which are important in selecting a food store, (2) attitudes and behavior concerning the grocery shopping activity, and (3) various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Even though many similarities were found between the two groups of shoppers, some differences were observed. The implications of these similarities and differences are discussed, with emphasis given to their impact on retail food store management and strategic planning.     

网络零售业中消费者购买意愿的影响因素研究——基于PLS—SEM方法对交易成本的分析

交易成本是影响消费者购买意愿的重要因素。本文以交易成本作为研究视角,首先回顾了网络零售行业中基于此视角的相关研究。在此基础上,建立网络零售业中消费者购买意愿及其影响因素的相关研究假设,运用PLS—SEM模型的研究方法,采用问卷调研获取数据,对网络零售业中消费者购买意愿的影响因素进行了实证分析。研究表明,消费者的交易成本显著的影响其最终购买意愿,购买频率和网络零售商的不确定性通过影响交易成本,对购买意愿产生显著的影响。     

How European retailers view American imported products: Results of a product image survey

With the dimensions of international trade widening each year, and the oil generated U.S. balance of payments deficit unacceptably high, the need for American firms to export their products to overseas markets has never been greater. Formulation of a successful export marketing strategy for the European Community can be greatly assisted by gaining some insight into how the consumers and businessmen in the various European member nations view American products. With this in mind, a total of 163 retail store managers in Britain and France were asked to rate products “made in the U.S.A.” on each of 13 product image dimensions, and to “vote” for which of the 3 countries offered the products of greatest value in 6 different consumer product categories. The results offer some useful insights for U.S. firms seeking to tap the potential consumer markets in Britain and France.     

论购物成本——一个界宸商圈的新视角

如何科学、方便地界定零售商店的商图，长期以来一直困扰着理论界和经营者。人们曾提出过各种解决办法，但由于这些办法本身存在的缺陷，在实际工作中未能获得广泛采认。商图是由顾客选择商店的行为形成的，影响顾客择店的主要因素是购物成本，它从根本上决定着商店商圈的大小。     

Modifying the retail classification system for more timely marketing strategies

New retail problems and developments necessitate new and complete retail classification systems which can be used to formulate basic strategies. Ten common retail characteristics can be used to classify retailers into five categories perceived as occupying different places on the same continuous scale. As the retailer gradually moves from the end of the scale concerned with basically tangible products to the other end related to basically intangible products, the retail strategies in terms of product, place, promotion, price, and inventory control will also change gradually and accordingly. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A00BV026 00004     

中外连锁零售业优劣势比较研究

自2004年12月1日起，原本羽翼未丰的本土连锁零售企业叉要面临强势的外资连锁零售企业的攻城掠地，进入白热化的竞争阶段。与外资连锁零售企业在资金、规模、管理、技术、人才、服务及价格等方面的优势相比，本土连锁零售企业存在着物流配送落后、不重视内部管理、零供矛盾激化、缺乏合理布点规划等诸多问题。因此本土连锁零售企业应该通过发挥规模优势，实施自主品牌生产战略，打造高效的物流配送系统，提供免费的、附加的便利服务，优化购物环境，健全法律法规等措施，提高其竞争能力。     

Can copycat private labels improve the consumer’s shopping experience? A fluency explanation

A top priority among retailers is enhancing the consumer’s shopping experience. With the number of private label products increasing at the same time retailers are shedding slower moving products, understanding how private labels impact the consumer’s experience at the retail shelf becomes critical. While one might think that private labels, in particular those that look similar to their national brand counterparts (i.e., copycat private labels), may hinder the shopping experience by making it more difficult for consumers to choose a product, we find the exact opposite. Adopting a fluency perspective, we show that when copycat private labels are included in a shelf set, consumers with high knowledge of the category experience greater choice ease, and as a result they subsequently evaluate their chosen product more favorably. Importantly, the choice ease and evaluations of novice consumers are found to be unaffected. Consequently, this research provides insights for retailers and manufacturers on how and why copycat private labels positively impact an important aspect of the consumer’s shopping experience (i.e., choice ease).     

自有品牌与零售商竞争力研究

对零售商而言,自有品牌具有较高的毛利.自有品牌满足了价格敏感顾客的需求.第二、第三梯队制造商品牌对自有品牌的报复反应给消费者创造了更大的选择空间.自有品牌使得零售商从制造商品牌上获得更多利润,并使商店产生了差异性,使消费者产生了商店忠诚.因此,自有品牌是重要的竞争工具,是零售商获得竞争优势的重要源泉.     

Defining and measuring recreational shopper identity

The concept of recreational shopper identity, a dimension of the consumer—s self-concept, is contrasted with simple shopping enjoyment, which has characterized most past research on recreational shopping. Two survey studies investigate recreational shopper identity in a clothing shopping context. In Study 1, the Recreational Shopper Identity (RSI) Scale is validated with a sample of 561 adult consumers, demonstrating that recreational shopping is experienced as a true leisure activity. In Study 2, involving 354 adult consumers, the RSI Scale is used to identify three groups of shoppers who differ in the degree to which they incorporate recreational shopping into their self-concepts. Recreational shopping enthusiasts are found to engage more extensively in a range of retail shopping behaviors, to spend more money shopping (i.e., they are not just browsers), and are more “multi-channel” than other shoppers, reporting higher levels of Internet, catalog, and TV home shopping as well as traditional “brick-and-mortar” shopping.     

Influence of catalog vs. store shopping and prior satisfaction on perceived risk

This paper presents the results of a study which examines the overall amount and types of risk consumers perceive when purchasing the same products by direct mail as compared to retail stores. The effect of prior catalog shopping experience on perceived risk is also examined. The results indicate that despite the gains achieved by the direct mail industry, consumers continue to perceive this shopping mode as being significantly more risky. Differences were also found with respect to the individual types of risk perceived. A significant relationship between perceived risk and the satisfaction/dissatisfaction derived from prior catalog purchase experience was also identified.     

北京市无人超市运营模式和发展对策研究

随着人工智能技术的不断发展,“无人零售”的概念得到越来越广泛的应用,无人超市正是具有代表性的应用,因此,有必要对无人超市运营模式进行研究。本文在对北京市无人超市进行调查的基础上,分析了北京各大主流无人超市品牌运营模式的特点及运营过程中存在的问题。基于此,结合消费者购物意愿,本文提出了解决问题的方法和对策。     

Consumer involvement in retail store positioning

The concept of consumer involvement in products and issues and its theoretical importance in attitude change strategy have been discussed in the past. This paper reports empirical findings relating to retail store perceptions and preferences, using involvement as a moderator variable.     

Searching for the best price: An experimental look at consumer search effort

Certain factors may influence the extent to which consumers are willing to expend effort bargaining with retailers in order to gain additional pre-purchase information. One factor could be the consumer's favorable or unfavorable orientation toward the bargaining process itself. Another factor could be consumer expectation as to whether bargaining is permitted by retailers. A third factor might be whether a consumer's actual participation in bargaining encourages, or discourages, additional search activity. This research reports the results of a shopping simulation experiment which suggests that greater search effort is associated with individuals who are favorably predisposed toward retail bargaining and/or expect bargaining to be appropriate in a given situation.