Information Uncertainty and the Post-Earnings-Announcement Drift Anomaly: Insights from REITs

This is the first study to examine the post-earnings-announcement drift anomaly in a Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) context. The efficient markets hypothesis suggests that unexpected earnings should be fully incorporated into asset prices soon after being publicly announced. We hypothesize that publicly announced earnings signals may be more certain for REITs due to the presence of a parallel (private) asset market, suggesting less drift for REIT stocks. However, we find a large REIT drift component that is both statistically and economically significant. Furthermore, while the initial earnings surprise response is more muted for REITs, we find that the magnitude of the drift is significantly larger for REITs than for ordinary common stocks (NonREITs). Thus, information does not appear to move between the private and public asset markets in such a way as to render REIT earnings signals more certain than NonREIT earnings signals.     

Does Post-Earnings-Announcement Drift in Stock Prices Reflect A Market Inefficiency? A Stochastic Dominance Approach

This paper uses a stochastic dominance approach to test for market efficiency following earnings announcements. We find that the stocks that recently announced good earnings news stochastically dominate those that recently announced bad news. The results cast serious doubt on any belief that asset pricing model misspecifications might explain post-earnings-announcement drift.     

Money Illusion and Housing Frenzies

A reduction in inflation can fuel run-ups in housing pricesif people suffer from money illusion. For example, investorswho decide whether to rent or buy a house by simply comparingmonthly rent and mortgage payments do not take into accountthe fact that inflation lowers future real mortgage costs. Wedecompose the price–rent ratio into a rational component—meantto capture the "proxy effect" and risk premia—and an impliedmispricing. We find that inflation and nominalinterest ratesexplain a large share of the time series variation of the mispricing,and that the tilt effect is very unlikely to rationalize thisfinding.     

高货币化、通货膨胀预期与通货膨胀

通货膨胀成为信用货币经济中循环往复的问题,货币是症结关键。通过建立包含货币缺口和收入差距的凯恩斯Phillips曲线理论模型,利用中国1979-2010年的数据实证得出:货币化通过两种途径作用于通货膨胀,一是通过扩大货币缺口、直接推动当期物价上升,二是高货币化导致了较高的通货膨胀预期,这种预期又推动了通货膨胀的自我实现。因此,在经济平稳发展情况下,货币化是一个金融发展程度指标,但在严重依赖货币扩张推动经济增长的情况下,货币化却可能是货币超发的指标,与通货膨胀存在着密切关系。     

News on Inflation and the Epidemiology of Inflation Expectations

This paper examines the nexus between news coverage on inflation and households’ inflation expectations. In doing so, we test the epidemiological foundations of the sticky information model (Carroll 2003, 2006 ). We use both aggregate and household‐level data from the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan. We highlight a fundamental disconnection among news on inflation, consumers’ frequency of expectation updating, and the accuracy of their expectations. Our evidence provides at best weak support to the epidemiological framework, as most of the consumers who update their expectations do not revise them toward professional forecasters’ mean forecast.     

Inflation and inequality

Cross-country evidence on inflation and income inequality suggests that they are positively related. This article explores the hypothesis that this correlation is the outcome of a distributional conflict underlying the determination of government policies. A political economy model is presented in which equilibrium inflation is positively related to the degree of inequality in income due to the relative vulnerability to inflation of low income households.     

Survey Measures of Expected Inflation and the Inflation Process

The accuracy of inflation forecasts obtained from household and professional surveys has deteriorated noticeably of late, to the extent that a simple autoregressive specification outperforms survey forecasts. The decline in (absolute and relative) accuracy has taken place at about the same time as an apparent change in the inflation process. Projections of household forecasts on realized inflation suggests that households have not recognized this change. For the professionals, projections of expected inflation on headline inflation have changed, but on core inflation have not. By contrast, projections of realized headline inflation on core have changed sharply.     

Inflation and stagflation

This paper reports on the author's theoretical and empirical research which has supported the following propositions. First, the change in the rate of inflation from one year to the next depends upon the growth of the money supply less the current rate of inflation. The current unemployment rate does not significantly affect whether the rate of inflation will rise or fall. If the monetary authorities raise the rate of monetary expansion above the current rate of inflation, the latter will rise regardless of the slack in the economy. Second, the change in the unemployment rate from one year to the next depends upon: (a) the deviation of the current unemployment rate from its equilibrium value and (b) the growth of the money supply less the current rate of inflation. The first effect concerns wage flexibility and the second effect concerns the shift of the aggregate demand (C+I+G) curve.     

Real Rates, Expected Inflation, and Inflation Risk Premia

This paper studies the term structure of real rates, expected inflation, and inflation risk premia. The analysis is based on new estimates of the real term structure derived from the prices of index-linked and nominal debt in the U.K. I find strong evidence to reject both the Fisher Hypothesis and versions of the Expectations Hypothesis for real rates. The estimates also imply the presence of time-varying inflation risk premia throughout the term structure.     

"通货膨胀目标法"

一种货币政策框架 在强有力的经验实证支持下,学者、决策者和其他相关人士在以下问题上达成了共识,即高通货膨胀(及其相关的易变性)扭曲了私营部门在投资、储蓄和生产方面的决策,最终将导致经济增长率下降.     

货币流动性与通货膨胀

货币流动性与通货膨胀是我国目前经济运行中较为突出的两个问题.及时开展货币流动性与通货膨胀之间关系的研究,厘清二者之间的相互引导关系,探寻二者之间的传导机制和形成机理,测定二者之间的传导时滞及影响力,这对中央银行有效调控流动性,有效预防、控制通货膨胀,进而促进国民经济的健康发展,都具有十分重要的现实意义.     

Inflation and monetary regimes

Correlations of inflation with the growth rate of money increase when data are averaged over longer time periods. Correlations of inflation with the growth of money also are higher when high inflation as well as low-inflation countries are included in the analysis. We show that serial correlation in the underlying inflation rate ties these two observations together and explains them. We present evidence that averaging increases the correlation of inflation and money growth in more when the underlying inflation rate has higher serial correlation.     

Competition and Appraisal Inflation

The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics - In mortgage debt contracts, real property serves as collateral and the terms of mortgage financing are largely conditional on the certification of...     

Disclosure Risk and Price Drift

Disclosures play an apparently critical role in the empirical regularity of the short‐run momentum and long‐run reversal in stock returns. Motivated by this evidence, this paper integrates an analysis of disclosures within an asset pricing model to arrive at a framework in which disclosures and asset returns are jointly determined. Disclosures resolve uncertainty, but the increased information flow also raises the risks during the disclosure period. When disclosures and asset returns are modeled jointly, apparently good news is associated with the upward revision of future disclosure risks. The model generates predictions that have the outward appearance of short‐run momentum and long‐run reversal.     

能源价格与通货膨胀预期——兼论通货膨胀预期管理

随着能源价格走高,如何应对能源价格上涨的影响,管理好通货膨胀预期,成为央行宏观决策需要研究的重大问题.本文揭示能源价格对通货膨胀预期影响的渠道及效应,并基于统计优化的2001年第二季度到2009年第三季度样本数据,就能源价格对通货膨胀预期影响进行实证研究.结果表明:通货膨胀预期与能源价格两者存在显著的长期均衡关系,但通货膨胀预期与能源价格互相强化、不断上升的螺旋过程并不存在.本文最后就如何在高油价时代管理好通货膨胀预期提出建议.     

人民币升值带来的财富幻觉探讨

本文从我国现有的外汇管理制度和面临的特殊发展阶段及发展背景出发,指出人民币对外升值对内贬值将是我国现阶段和未来所面临的一种重要现象。人民币升值及其升值预期将带来我国外汇储备快速积累,在结售汇制度下发生货币倍增效应,给我国带来明显的财富效应;人民币对内贬值即通货膨胀扩大了我国GDP的规模和国际排名,也给我国带来了财富效应。本文指出人民币对外升值对内贬值带来的财富效应在一定程度上是一种财富幻觉,并对这种情况下的宏观经济政策提出了对策建议。     

人民币升值带来的财富幻觉探讨

随着我国外汇储备持续增加,我国形成一种财富幻觉,事实上,外汇储备和与其对应发行的人民币资产是一笔财富,其价值等于净流入的外汇储备,而不是后者的双倍。在人民币升值和预期升值的背景下,外汇储备快速增加,人民币出现对内贬值的情况,伴随着房价快速上涨和股市连创新高,国家和居民存在财富快速膨胀的幻觉。应对人民币对外升值和对内贬值情况下出现的财富幻觉,要积极推进经济结构调整,严格控制资产泡沫的过度膨胀,防范资产泡沫破裂的风险。     

资产价格与通胀预期

资产价格上升对宏观经济存在怎样的影响,这个问题已经成为目前中国宏观经济争论的焦点.本文阐述了资产价格和未来商品价格、通胀预期之间的理论关系,数据分析显示中国资产价格和商品价格之问存在较大失衡,这种失衡体现为资产价格隐含的高通胀预期,本文粗略估计了该通胀预期,认为从中央银行容忍范围和对总需求影响的角度来看,该通胀预期过高而难以实现.本文最后从总消费需求和金融稳定角度,分析了恢复均衡的另一种途径即资产价格下跌,认为资产价格下跌发生的概率较大,对宏观经济的负面影响也更小.