Credit,reputation, and masculinity in British urban commerce: Edinburgh,c. 1710–70 1

This article draws on cases of public insult from the Edinburgh consistory court to explore constructions of credit and reputation during the eighteenth century. Scotland's unique legal context offers new insights into the honour of men and women, replacing the received view that female honour was almost entirely about sexual honour and complicating our understanding of male honour among the middling sort. In contrast to studies that view the credit of men and women as principally contradictory, this study instead identifies significant points of both overlap and divergence in male and female reputation and discusses honour as a family matter. Unlike in England, levels of defamation litigation in Scotland remained high through the eighteenth century, and both the social composition of defamation litigants and the types of insult they brought to court remained consistent. However, the forms and settings of disputes over honour changed, reflecting the interiorization of conflict as the eighteenth century progressed.     

爱上爱丁堡

爱丁堡位于苏格兰东海岸入海口,雄踞于延绵的火山灰和岩石峭壁上,与大部分欧洲城市相比,爱丁堡拥有优越的地理位置,是南部低地的中心,也是苏格兰的首都,充满了苏格兰独特的魅力。一位作家曾称赞道：＂没有比这里更适合称为王国首屈一指的地方,没有比这里更高贵迷人的景色＂。     

Training initiatives Edinburgh

This article reviews the training projects and initiatives supported by Edinburgh District Council and draws conclusions from the successful track record of a number of the projects. These refer mainly to factors which contribute to the success of training for the long-term unemployed and therefore may be useful to anyone developing new training projects. Similarly, they may help those who are pondering how Employment Training may usefully develop.

Edinburgh District Council's support for training lies within its economic development function, as opposed to the Regional Council, where it lies with their education function. With this in mind, the District Council's criteria for supporting training have had to be plainly established. These are, that projects must be “exemplary, innovative, and catalytic”, and there must be no duplication of other provision. They should address specific needs amongst the unemployed, and must supply skills which are needed for the development of Edinburgh's economy.     

"爱丁堡艺术节"掠影

[爱丁堡艺术节(Edinburgh Festival)]始于1947年,是世界最著名的大型综合性艺术节之一.它的宗旨起先是为了加强欧洲国家间的文化交流,推广高雅艺术,后来由于不断有世界著名艺术家的参与,逐渐演变成一个雅俗共赏的全球艺术盛会.华裔著名音乐家马友友、汤沐海等都曾先后随世界知名交响乐团前往爱丁堡艺术节演出.