新标准明确了哪些有关驴的动物福利规范

<正>随着集约化养殖模式得到普遍应用,动物饲养规模和密度不断增加,在大幅度提高畜禽生产效率的同时,也产生了大量的动物福利问题,畜禽生存条件恶劣,免疫力低下,危害人类与动物健康,威胁公共卫生安全。近年来,世界动物卫生组织（WOAH）致力于改善全球农场动物福利,并将动物福利纳入《陆生动物卫生法典》。2022年7月7日,海关总署公布了《中华人民共和国出入境检验检疫行业标准》（SN/T5485—2022）,对驴饲养、运输、屠宰的动物福利规范进行了明确,将于2023年2月1日正式实施。本文将对新标准下的驴饲养、运输、屠宰的动物福利规范进行介绍。     

建立和完善我国的动物福利法规标准体系

动物福利是国内近几年才开始关注的问题。它不仅影响动物源性食品的安全和卫生质量,还逐渐形成一种新型的贸易壁垒,对我国的动物源性食品出口已经造成一定的影响。由于国情、文化、历史等方面的影响,我国动物福利立法与西方发达国家存在着明显的距离,至今还没有一部专业的动物福利基本法。“动物福利法规标准”的国家间差距日益凸显。所以我们应在应对国外技术壁垒的同时,     

信息平台

美国发布禁止在动物食品或饲料中使用某些牛源性材料的最终法规近日,美国食品药物管理局(FDA)发布一份最终法规,禁止在动物食品或饲料中使用某些牛源性材料。     

动物源性食品中β-内酰胺类药物残留检测研究进展

自1928年青霉素抗生素发现以来,β-内酰胺类抗生素已增至几百种,其品种和数量居各类抗生素之首。β-内酰胺类抗生素在食物源性动物体内残留,易使人类产生过敏反应和细菌耐药性,目前许多国家已开始严格监控β-内酰胺类抗生素在动物饲养过程中使用剂量和方法。为全面了解动物源性食品中β-内酰胺检测研究现状,本文详细介绍了动物源性食品中β-内酰胺类药物残留的样品前处理与检测方法研究进展。     

动物源性食品中残留前处理技术及检测方法研究进展

人类食用的动物源性食品非常的多,包括可食用的蛋、奶、肉类、肉类制品(包括动物内脏及其制品)、水生动物制品等全部动物组织就是动物源性食品。由于这些食品受到环境的污染以及农药残留的影响,导致动物源性食品的残留,人类在食用这些食品后,身体健康方面受到损害、威胁。前处理技术是对这些食品样品中的目标化合物进行处理的过程,包括如何提取、净化、浓缩等方面。本文从两个方面对动物源性食品中残留进行了分析,包括前处理技术和检测方法。前处理技术主要包括固相萃取技术、凝胶渗透技术以及加速溶剂萃取技术;而检验方法主要包括液相色谱—荧光检测法、液相色谱—紫外检测法、液相色谱—质谱检测法这三种方法。希望通过本文的分析,能够为动物源性食品残留方面的研究提供一些参考依据。     

出口导航

土耳其制定植物源性食品和饲料进口控制法规土耳其农畜食品部食品管理总司制定并发布植物源性食品和饲料进口控制法规。法规内容涉及:(1)本法规包括对进口后国内自由流通的植物源性食品和饲料安全进行的官方控制;(2)与食品接触的材料和物品、拟用于食品饲料的非动物源性产品均     

欧盟动物福利标准对我国肉类产品出口的影响

随着经济全球化和贸易自由化的纵深发展,动物福利标准问题逐步被纳入多边贸易体系管辖范围,进而直接或间接对动物源性产品进出口产生重要影响。基于中国对欧盟肉类产品出口的相关数据建立面板模型,本文探讨欧盟动物福利标准对我国肉类产品出口的影响。实证结果显示:1996-2003年,欧盟动物福利标准对我国肉类产品出口没有显著性影响;但2004-2011年,欧盟动物福利标准严重抑制了我国牛肉、猪肉、禽肉及杂碎等主要动物源性产品出口。     

关注欧盟对动物源性食品执行更严格药残限值

<正>根据欧盟（EU）2019/1871《动物源食品中的禁用药物残留测定限值》法规要求,自2022年11月28日起,在欧盟动物源性食品中,氯霉素、硝基呋喃类代谢物、孔雀石绿等兽药残留的测定限值将执行新的标准。根据《中华人民共和国食品安全法》有关规定,出口食品生产企业应当保证其出口食品符合进口国家或地区标准要求。欧盟是我国出口动物源性食品的主要市场之一,新的药物残留测定限值更加严格,将给我国出口动物源性食品生产企业带来重要影响。     

初探动物福利壁垒产生的原因及其效应

动物福利壁垒正成为新一轮的贸易壁垒,作为农业大国的中国,动物及动物源性产品的出口是事关我国经济发展的大问题。本文试图分析动物福利壁垒产生的原因、作用机理和其产生的相关经济效应,对其做出客观真实的认识,以便更清楚地应对动物福利壁垒。     

应用QuEChERS方法检测动物源性食品中药物残留的研究进展

动物源性食品中药物残留问题日益突出,传统检测方法存在耗时长、不稳定等问题,而QuEChERS方法具有简便、快速等多种优势,可用于动物源性食品中多种药物残留的分析。本文综述了近些年应用QuEChERS方法检测动物源性食品中药物残留的研究进展,以期为研究相关检测方法和标准提供参考。     

Are Consumers Willing to Pay for Local Chicken Breasts and Pork Chops?

Consumer definitions of and demand for locally produced meat were collected via an online survey of 625 U.S. residents. Consumer choice experiments were utilised to elicit willingness to pay for locally produced chicken breasts and pork chops. Younger respondents, respondents without a college degree, participants in hunting and fishing and those who have altered their total meat consumption in the past 3 years due to food safety or animal welfare concerns more frequently report that local food is produced within 10 or 20 miles of their home. Results indicate that respondents are willing to pay a positive amount (at the mean) for verified local production of chicken breasts but not pork chops.     

Can Halal Be Sustainable? Study on Malaysian Consumers’ Perspective

Halal provides guidelines for food production, processing, and handling. Thus, the extent of which segments of Halal food preparation (food safety, environmentally friendly, animal welfare, and fair trade) influence consumers’ perception toward sustainable agriculture development is being studied. Using an ordered probit model, factors that significantly influence the sustainability concept arising from practicing Halal principles are determined. The majority of consumers reported that Halal food production can be an effective vehicle to promote sustainable farming and agriculture. Food safety, environmentally friendly, fair trade, and animal welfare are the most likely determinants associated with Halal principles and production to support sustainable agriculture.     

Italian consumer awareness of layer hens' welfare standards: a cluster analysis

Animal welfare has assumed in recent years an increasing significance for European consumers, becoming part of the Community Agricultural Policy strategy that encourages farmers to achieve higher standards of animal welfare. Undoubtedly, the superior social sensitivity towards animal welfare has produced over time notable changes within European Union (EU) Policy. However, while EU legislation has progressively focused on granting animals better possibilities to express their behavioural repertoire, recent analysis shows that consumer knowledge of animal welfare compulsory standards is still quite limited. Drawing on the results of a direct survey on 300 Italian food shoppers, our research analyses consumer knowledge of the welfare standards of laying hens. Our findings highlight important market opportunities and policy implications. Our research shows that, although the majority of the sample expressed concern on hen husbandry systems, most of respondents were unaware of the current mandatory labelling system for eggs. Through cluster analysis three segments were found: the inactive consumer cluster, the conflicted consumer cluster and the ethically competent consumer cluster. This segmentation is especially valuable for producers of ‘animal‐friendly’ eggs to identify market opportunities and formulate appropriate marketing strategies.     

Improving Customer Orientation Within the Fresh Meat Supply Chain: A Focus on Assurance Schemes

Eighty percent of primary food producers are currently involved in assurance schemes (McDougal 2000), the largest group of which belong to assurance labels sponsored by producer-led groups (e.g. Quality Meat Scotland, English Beef & Lamb Executive). Originally designed to enable producers to provide assurances of meat safety and animal welfare to consumers, this paper evaluates the extent to which producer-led assurance groups have adopted a true market orientation. Both in-depth, semi-structured interviews and a postal questionnaire with Scottish meat consumers were carried out. Subsequently, using structural equation modelling techniques, causal influences upon producer-led assurance label purchase behaviour were determined. The results conclude that producer-led logos are the preferred assurance labels to be purchased by consumers and that the most significant influences upon purchase behaviour are attitudes, past behaviour, assurance label knowledge and personal identity traits. Moreover, weaknesses are identified in terms of producer-led groups' marketing communication strategies to consumers. Implications of those weaknesses in relation to improving market orientation are then discussed.     

影响肉制品安全的因素与控制措施

肉制品是现代人们食品中的重要组成部分,其安全性受到社会各界的广泛关注。肉制品的加工涉及许多环节与工序,任何一个环节出现问题都会对其安全性产生较大的影响。本文就影响肉制品安全的因素和相应的控制措施进行详细的讨论。     

Animal foods and climate change: shadowing eating practices

Animal farming exceeds all forms of transport in terms of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Despite the implications of the seriousness of addressing animal farming in relation to mitigating the effects of GHG emissions, to date, the relationship between consumer behaviour and climate change has tended to neglect the role of animal foods. This paper reports on a pilot study in which six UK households were ‘shadowed’ to facilitate the investigation of the relationship between animal food practices and environmental practices, as they emerge in day‐to‐day life. Results indicate that most participants make no connection between the two issues at present, in terms of awareness or practice. However, animal foods do have an ambiguous and complex status in most participants' food practices; for instance, being viewed as problematic for reasons of health or animal welfare. This finding suggests that further research is needed into the potential for raising awareness of the link between animal‐based foods and climate change. This might have a role to play in shifting food practices towards more plant‐based, less GHG intensive, foods.     

Coping with multiple identities related to meat consumption

Global meat consumption poses a threat to environmental sustainability and human health. Therefore, moral and health‐related norms connected to eating meat are changing and consumers experience conflicts when choosing between meat and nonmeat options in various situations. To achieve a better understanding of the nature of these conflicts and how consumers cope with them, we study identities related to meat consumption and how they are organized. Identity theories are used as the lens to address the self‐relevance of meat to consumers. Thirteen Danish consumers shared how and why they ate, reduced, or avoided meat in a food‐based photo‐diary and in‐depth interviews, supported by a visualization approach, developed from self‐brand connection methods. Three higher‐order identities (pragmatic idealist, ethical foodie, and healthy hedonist) emerged, governing the consumption, reduction, or avoidance of different meat categories. Identity conflicts between health, moral (e.g., animal welfare), and hedonic concerns were present, but also identity stigma. Coping mechanisms include change of salience and changing patterns of meat consumption. Campaigners promoting a reduction in meat consumption and developers of alternative protein foods can use these insights to target identities and facilitate conflict resolutions. However, more research is needed on how generalizable results are.     

Consumer value conflicts surrounding ethical food purchase decisions: a focus on animal welfare

Ethical attitudes in relation to meat purchases were studied among urban and rural consumers in Scotland. All subjects perceived at least some ethical issues in relation to animal production systems, in particular, systems keeping animals in close confinement. Welfare‐friendly production systems were viewed as adding value to a food, but this value was not necessarily realizable to producers if purchases occurred only when foods were on special offer. Statements made by individuals were often contradictory, revealing ambivalence, unresolved value conflicts and a general lack of involvement in the nature of meat production. A number of barriers to the establishment of stable attitudes and behaviours in relation to the ethical treatment of food animals were also identified. A key finding of the study is that individuals can hold two views on animal welfare. On the one hand, they may think as citizens influencing societal standards, and on the other, as consumers at the point of purchase. As citizens, they support the notion of animals being entitled to a good life; as meat consumers, they avoid the cognitive connection with the live animal. This paper explores both the citizen–consumer relationship and purchase strategies used by consumers to resolve value conflicts. Lessons for public and commercial policy are highlighted in the context of the Curry Report (2002) which advocates more effective market segmentation where markets are finely attuned to their customers, with the development of a number of assurance schemes discussed in the article.     

肉及肉制品动物源性成分鉴别技术研究进展

近年来,随着全球经济朝着一体化方向快速发展,我国经济水平和人们的生活水平较之前有了很大的提高,人们对于食品的要求不仅仅只是停留在数量上,更多的在于食品的质量与安全。肉及肉制品作为人们生活中必不可少的食品之一,在一定程度上可以为人们提供正常生命活动所需要的丰富的维生素、脂肪和蛋白质等。但是,近年来随着社会经济的快速发展,不少肉制品行业受利益的驱使,造假掺假的行为层出不穷,这在一定程度上损害和侵犯了广大消费者的合法权益,并且在社会上产生了非常严重的不良后果。因此,加强肉及肉制品动物源性成分鉴别技术的研究刻不容缓。     

Value conflicts in food ethics – causes and possible resolutions

Ethical attitudes in relation to meat purchases were studied among urban and rural consumers in Scotland. All subjects perceived at least some ethical issues in relation to animal production systems, in particular, systems keeping animals in close confinement. Welfare friendly production systems were viewed as adding value to a food, but this value was not necessarily realisable to producers if purchases occurred only when foods were on special offer. Statements made by a particular individual were often contradictory, revealing ambivalence, unresolved value conflicts and a general lack of involvement in the nature of meat production. A number of barriers to the establishment of stable attitudes and behaviours in relation to the ethical treatment of food animals were identified, including a lack of transparency of competing production systems, problems with product availability and a general aversion to confront animal production. Whilst adequate labelling implies that labels are transparent and revealing all the essential features of a food, this is not the case with most farm assurance quality marks. Free‐range chicken may be widely available as a complete carcass, but portions often are not. Attitude‐inconsistent purchasing behaviours were thereby related to a lack of perceived control on the part of the purchaser in certain food choice scenarios. A key finding of the study is that individuals can hold two views on animal welfare. On the one hand, they may think as citizens influencing societal standards, and on the other, as consumers at the point of purchase. As citizens, they support the notion of animals being entitled to a good life, as meat consumers, they avoid the mental connection with the live animal. The paper explores this citizen/consumer relationship and strategies used by consumers to resolve any resultant value conflicts. Lessons for public and commercial policy are highlighted in the context of the Curry Report (2002), which advocates more effective market segmentation where markets are finely attuned to their customers, with the development of higher‐level assurance schemes based on the existing ‘Little Red Tractor’ standard.