专家在线

专家在线已经成功开办两期，在此．感谢读者和网友朋友的支持．让我们分享了您的管理挑战．引发了专家的精彩回答。我们希望成为广大企业管理者和管理专家之间最快捷饷沟通桥梁．共同探讨管理问题．共同寻找思路与答案，共同成长与升华。 本刊网站的管理论坛．“经理人聊吧”栏目等待您的参与提问。真诚欢迎您的参与及互动。     

专家坐堂

Q科鲁兹每天早晨倒车时有异响,而且感觉阻力比较大,是什么原因？A万车网专家：早上冷车启动时倒车阻力大、有异响,这个故障现象很可能与驻车制动器有关。车主可以先自己判断一下这个故障,具体方法是：晚上停好车后拉起驻车制动器,然后到第二天早上松开制动器,下车推动车辆看是否有阻力,如果没有任何阻力,     

专家坐堂

蒙迪欧致胜发动机舱内很脏,可以用高压水枪清洗吗？万车网专家：利用高压水枪对发动机舱进行冲洗是坚决不可取的。现在的汽车均采用了电子控制燃油喷射系统。发动机舱里面装有发动机电脑、变速箱电脑、点火电脑及各种传感器和执行器。这些电子元件全部由电压控制,接触到水之后,可能出现短路的现象,很可能会损坏发动机电脑。     

专家坐堂

Q：捷达夜间开大灯水温升高,清洗水箱后仍无效果,检查节温器和电子扇工作正常,下一步应该怎么办？     

EXPERTISE AND PROBLEM CATEGORIZATION: THE ROLE OF EXPERT PROCESSING IN ORGANIZATIONAL SENSE-MAKING

Our purpose is to understand more fully the role of managerial cognition in organizations. As such, we adopted an experimental approach in studying the use of expert processing in the categorization of organizational problems. We compared the problem categories of 38 chief executive officers (CEOs) in the machine tool industry (experts) with those of 30 MBA students (novices). The results of a problem sorting task indicated that experts tended to categorize the ill-structured problems significantly faster than novices. Experts also had greater variance in the number of categories used and they incorporated more problem information. Follow-up analyses revealed that the number of categories was negatively related to experts’age and positively related to the number of processes and services offered by their respective organizations. These findings are consistent with the contention that experts rely on well-developed, context-dependent heuristics in the early stages of their decision-making. It is argued that such heuristics allow organizational experts to make sense of strategic issues quickly, and respond in an efficient and effective manner.     

人人都是泊车高手

《汽车消费报告》本期向你讲述电子泊车辅助系统的故事,有了它的帮助,当你下次再遇到拥挤的路边停车位,可以不用再受别人藐视的目光,也不必听朋友埋怨你的泊车技术太烂,或者担心和前后的车辆不经意间亲密接触了,有了它的帮助,你也能成为泊车高手。     

停建改造专家：瑞安中华汇

＂改造专家＂瑞安中华汇有限公司（以下简称瑞安中华汇）参与停缓建项目并从中获得快速成长的秘密在于,依托瑞安集团品牌影响力,运用其建筑专业、金融、财务管理优势及集团内部公司的资源合作共享,于项目成功改造中获取商业收益及全国影响力。     

国际审计准则620号 利用专家的工作

此准则的目的旨在为利用专家工作作为审计证据提供指导。当独立审计人员利用专家工作时应收集充分适当的审计证据证明专家的工作对审计目的而言是恰当的。计划利用专家工作时,审计人员应评价专家的职业胜任能力,证据包括:(a)由适当机构颁发的职业资格证、营业执照或某适当团体的会员资格;(b)在业界的经验和声誉。审计人员还应评价专家的客观性,并应收集充分适当的审计证据证明专家的工作范围对审计目的而言也是恰当的。审计人员应该评价利用专家工作所收集的审计证据能否证明相关认定。如果专家工作不能提供充分适当的审计证据,或利用专家工…     

Economic Outlook 1991–1995: The London Business School with Gower Publishing: Forecast Release: THE CHANCELLOR'S ECONOMIC ADVICE

Within the last month the Chancellor has made two important speeches on macroeconomic policy. The first, to Surrey businessmen in June, pledged the UK to the French route to a ‘virtuous circle of low inflation, rising competitiveness and increasing market share’; the second, in July to the European Policy Forum, vigorously defended his present policy against the alternatives, which he dismissed as ‘illusory or destined to fail’, of devaluation or cutting interest rates. On both occasions Mr. Lamont placed the permanent conquest of inflation at the centre of his policy, arguing that holding sterling at its present central parity of DM 2.95 is the only way to achieve this objective. In his view the consequence of any of the alternative proposals would be ‘either higher interest rates, higher inflation, or most likely both’. In this Forecast Release we consider these claims and the economic advice on which it is based. On the latter we would surmise that the thrust of the advice which Mr. Lamont is receiving is that he has the opportunity to deliver a sustainably low inflation rate and that this requires a stable pound within the ERM. The alternatives involve a sterling devaluation which, no matter how obtained, would obstruct the goal of permanently low inflation in return for only transient benefits on output and unemployment. But the price of defeating inflation has been high and is not yet fully paid. Moreover the goalposts have been moved: to reach the French position on competitiveness, which underpins their gains in market share and which has taken the best part of a deeade to achieve, requires a still better inflation performance on the part of the UK and while this is being achieved, adjustment costs will persist. It is partly in defence of his own policies and partly in an attempt to moderate the already-high adjustment costs that Mr. Lamont has adopted a more combative stance. His advice is that to compete with Europe, we cannot award ourselves pay increases far in excess of European levels, indeed we need a period of below-average pay rises.     

基于CVaR与平均离差波动限制的投资组合模型

提出了一种基于CVaR的投资组合模型,对组合资产收益率不做正态分布假设,用MAD模型作为一个约束条件,实现波动性度量限制,用上凸效用函数作为一个约束条件,表示风险资产交易费用。实验结果表明,该模型满足实际投资要求,符合实际投资规律,与M-V模型和原始CVaR模型相比具有波动性和风险价值最小化的优势。     

GOOD BOOKS—AND OTHERS

Book reviewed in this article:
IN SEARCH OF EXCELLENCE LESSONS FROM AMERICA'S BEST RUN COMPANIES, Thomas J. Peters
MARKETS FOR POWER, Paui L. Joskow
ECONOMICS FOR POUCYMAKING, Arthur M Okun
A study of stoppages of work due to industrial disputes, 1946–73, J. W. Durcan, W. E. J. McCarthy and G. P. Redman
OPPORTUNITY OR PRIVILEGE: LABOR LEGISLATION IN AMERICA, Charles W. Baird
TRADE UNIONS AND SOCIETY: SOME LESSONS OF THE BRITISH EXPERIENCE, John Burton and John Addison
ONE INCREASING PURPOSE The Anncds of an Investor, Lewis Whyte     

GOOD BOOKS—AND OTHERS

Book reviews in this article:
SUBJECTIVISM, INTELLIGIBILITY AND ECONOMIC UNDERSTANDING Israel M. Kirzner (ed.)
THE INTER-WAR ECONOMY K G P Mathews Gower
THE BRITISH ECONOMY BETWEEN THE WARS S N. Broadberry
FUTURE TRANSPORT POLICY K. J. Button and D Gillingwater
SMOKING AND SOCIETY Robert Tollison (ed)     

GOOD BOOKS—AND OTHERS

Book reviews in this article:
ECONOMICS AS A PROCESS Richard N. Langlois (ed)
DIOCLETIAN AND THE ROMAN RECOVERY Stephen Williams Batsford
THE IDEOLOGY OF THE NEW RIGHT Ruth Levitas (ed)
THE POLITICS OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS Joan Edelman Spero     

PROTECTIONISM AND PROPERTY RIGHTS: COASIAN BARGAINING AND DEBT‐FOR‐NATURE SWAPS

Debt‐for‐nature swaps (DNSs) are a method of simultaneously addressing debt problems in developing countries and protecting environmentally‐sensitive tracts of land and forests. The number and scope of DNSs declined after a flurry of activity in the early to mid‐1990s. While a number of problems have been identified that may have contributed to this pattern the literature has ignored the role that weakly defined and enforced property rights may play. DNSs are interpreted as Coasian bargains and an explanation for their decline based upon property rights, transactions costs, and competitive bidding is advanced.     

GOOD BOOKS – AND OTHER

Book reviewed in this article:
Maximilian Hall Monetary Policy since 1971 Macmillan, 1982
Patrick Minford Unemployment: Cause and Cure
D W Challen & A J Hagger Macro-economic Systems
Nick Bosanquet After the New Right
Ed. Sydney Weintraub and Marvin Goodstein Reaganomics in the Stagflation Economy
Herman Kahn The Coming Boom: Economic, Political and Social     

GOOD BOOKS — AND OTHERS

Book reviewed in this article:
HAYEK Andrew Melnyk
THE RISE AND DECLINE OF NATIONS Mancur Olson
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF GROWTH Ed. Dennis C. Mueller
MILL ON LIBERTY: A DEFENCE John Gray
IN BREACH OF PROMISE John Vaizey
THE ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION G. B. J. Atkinson
TOWARDS A NEW PRICE REVOLUTION Béla Caikós-Nagy
THE POCKET ECONOMIST     

GOOD BOOKS — AND OTHERS

Book reviewed in this article:
RATIONAL EXPECTATIONS AND THE NEW MACROECONOMICS Patrick Jsdinford and David Peel
THE ROLE AND LIMITS OF GOVERNMENT Samuel Brittan
APPOINTMENT IN JAPAN G. C. Allen
DISORGANIZED CRIME: THE ECONOMICS OF THE VISIBLE HAND Peter Reuters
THE ANATOMY OF POWER J. K. Galbraith     

TEAMS BETWEEN HIERARCHY AND COMMITMENT: CHANGE STRATEGIES AND THE ‘INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT’*

The main objective of the article is to put forward a broader resource-based view, outlining the influence exercised by the ‘internal environment’on the conception and implementation of teamworking strategies in two multinational automobile companies. While the influence of various external contingent factors — industry, product, technological environment — is often considered in the literature, the role of a firm's internal resources is mostly neglected. the publicity of greenfield-site teamwork arrangements and the concurrent lack of ‘grounded’research has nurtured the idea that within the same industry environment, a best model of teamwork can be identified. One implication of the resource-based view presented here is that a best model of teamwork may have little relevance for many established companies, where the choice to embrace such a model does not exist. the article analyses companies’approaches to accommodating business policy objectives within their existing structural and historical constraints, including traditional modes of control, management style, and company culture. the article thus identifies firm-specific rather than nation-specific variations within the same industry environment.