An empirical investigation of the relative effect of trust and switching costs on service loyalty in the UK retail banking industry

The crisis in the UK financial services industry has led to retail banking customers treating transactions with growing scepticism. Retail banks are having to work very hard to regain customer trust. Despite recent research in marketing that acknowledges the importance of service loyalty to service firms, studies that have examined the relative effects of trust and the different types of switching costs on attitudinal and behavioural loyalty are scant. Therefore this article aims to build a model to examine the strength of the relationships between these constructs. Using survey data collected from a convenience sample of 290 retail banking customers in the United Kingdom, the article reveals that the main drivers of attitudinal loyalty are trust and relational switching costs. In contrast, the main drivers of behavioural loyalty are trust, relational switching costs and attitudinal loyalty. Interestingly, financial and procedural switching costs exert no significant effect on either attitudinal or behavioural loyalty. Trust and relational switching costs exert a stronger effect on attitudinal than behavioural loyalty.     

International equity valuation: the relative importance of country and industry factors versus company‐specific financial reporting information

The relative importance of country‐ and industry‐specified factors vis‐à‐vis company‐specific financial statement–based information in explaining equity valuation multiples in an international setting is examined. Both country‐specific effects via previously identified variables and an indicator variable approach are analysed. While company‐specific factors are predominant in explaining cross‐sectional differences in valuation, country and industry factors have sizable incremental explanatory power over them; the latter are not independent, so their relative importance is influenced by how we adjust for this commonality. Using country indicators provides larger incremental explanatory power than using country‐specific factors, suggesting that previously identified factors may be measured with sizeable error or omitted factors are important.     

审计期望差异相关问题研究

审计期望差异是由于审计执业人员对自身责任的理解和社会公众对审计认识的偏差而产生的,尽管无法完全消除这一差异,但可以尽可能地缩小。引起审计期望差异的原因包括社会公众对审计的理解存在误区、管理层舞弊、审计职能的复杂性、审计师角色的冲突性以及审计制度的时滞性等。解决这一问题的有效途径是加强与公众的沟通以及改进审计制度。     

产出缺口测量的不确定性研究

本文通过对中国经济产出缺口的误差因素分析,认为端点问题是造成中国经济产出缺口实时测量误差的主要原因.产出缺口实时测量的误差,使得中央银行不能及时准确识别不同类型的冲击,货币政策福利损失有所增大.为避免货币政策出现过大的系统性偏差,中央银行通常会降低对产出缺口测量值的反应系数来进行调节.     

浅议智能服务后台支撑

<正>随着互联网金融的快速发展和同业竞争的日趋激烈,为适应新环境、新变化,国内众多商业银行积极探索并实现了以自助设备为承载基础的智能服务,替代了传统柜面人工服务和纯自助服务的模式,覆盖了90%以上的个人常用非现金交易。在智能服务模式普及后,网点服务在客户体验感受、业务处理能力、人员优化配置等方面均有较大提升。据统计,2019年银行自助设备业务量占比网点业务总量的68%,已成为智慧网点业务受理的核心渠道。在业务快速发展的同时,智能服务渠道是否能对监管政策要求、产品创新优化等需求进行快速响应部署,     

Output Gap Estimation and Monetary Policy in China

Using the Bayesian multivariate Beveridge-Nelson decomposition method, this paper estimates China's output gap based on a multivariate dynamic model featuring distinct interactions among real output, inflation, money, and the exchange rate in China during the period 1980-2010. The authors compare the statistical nature and potential forecasting effects of the resulting multivariate gap measure on monetary policy with those of the output gap measures based on univariate models. The empirical results show that only the measure based on the multivariate system significantly predicts monetary policy, which indicates that the output gap estimated by the multivariate system contains more information than the traditional measures for macroeconomic policy adjustments do.     

收购资金封闭管理创新的探索

实行收购资金封闭管理是农业发展银行的一项十分重要的任务.收购资金封闭管理不仅要有完善的政策和科学的方法,而且要有创新的思维和探索的精神.本文就农业发展银行在收购资金封闭管理运行中管理制度如何落实的问题,进行了富有成效的探索,并将其上升到理论层面进行思考,颇有启迪意义.     

Peer firms in relative performance evaluation

Relative performance evaluation (RPE) in chief executive officer (CEO) compensation provides insurance against external shocks and yields a more informative measure of CEO actions. I argue that empirical evidence on the use of RPE is mixed because previous studies rely on a misspecified peer group. External shocks and flexibility in responding to the shocks are functions of, for example, the firm's technology, the complexity of the organization, and the ability to access external credit, which depend on firm size. When peers are composed of similar industry-size firms, evidence is consistent with the use of RPE in CEO compensation.     

Short-term relative arbitrage in volatility-stabilized markets

We answer in the affirmative the following open question posed in Fernholz and Karatzas (Ann Finance 1:149–177, 2005): do there exist relative arbitrage opportunities over arbitrarily short time horizons in the context of certain volatility-stabilized market models?     

发展银行自助服务优化银行服务环境

在计算机应用技术尚未在我国普及之时,银行面向客户的窗口仅仅是营业网点的柜台,而在计算机应用技术日趋成熟的今天,银行面向客户的窗口也日趋丰富.     

Diversity and relative arbitrage in equity markets

An equity market is called diverse if no single stock is ever allowed to dominate the entire market in terms of relative capitalization. In the context of the standard Itô-process model initiated by Samuelson (1965) we formulate this property (and the allied, successively weaker notions of weak diversity and asymptotic weak diversity) in precise terms. We show that diversity is possible to achieve, but delicate. Several examples are provided which illustrate these notions and show that weakly-diverse markets contain relative arbitrage opportunities: it is possible to outperform or underperform such markets over any given time-horizon. The existence of this type of relative arbitrage does not interfere with the development of contingent claim valuation, and has consequences for the pricing of long-term warrants and for put-call parity. Several open questions are suggested for further study.Received: January 2004, Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 60H10, 91B28; 60J55JEL Classification: G10We are grateful for the helpful remarks offered by seminar audiences at Columbia, Yale, Princeton, the Sloan School of MIT, Boston University, the Mathematical Institute in Oberwolfach, and the Universities of Athens, Connecticut/Storrs and Texas/Austin. Special thanks go to Professors Jérôme Detemple, Julien Hugonnier, Ralf Korn, Andrew Lo, Mark Lowenstein and Steven Shreve. We are also indebted to Dr. Adrian Banner for a number of discussions that helped sharpen our thinking about these problems, and to the referees and editors for suggestions that improved the exposition. A significant part of this work was completed in the spring semester of 2002, while the second author was on sabbatical leave at the Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University. He is grateful to the Foundation for its hospitality.     

The search for relative value in bonds

Comparing asset swap spreads across bonds is a widely used tool for measuring relative value. This approach leads portfolio managers to increase their risk exposure in ways that are not transparent. Credit default swaps are utilized to demonstrate that viewing wide asset swaps as an indicator of relative value is a mirage. The paper documents the empirical regularities in the term structure of credit spreads and spread volatilities that make this result possible. In addition, we present empirical evidence of the imprint made on corporate bond returns by the widespread use of the asset swaps data.     

Efficiency in the civil service

Clarity in government publications is at the end of the rainbow. Obfuscation does not always come from jargon disguising complexity; on occasion, banality can be seen to be barely masking a vacuum.

We leave it to readers to judge which of those two caps fits the white paper on Efficiency in the Civil Service (Cmnd 8293). We give the text in the first column, together with a translation in the second. Our model for this, as it must be for any aspiring translator, is W.J.M. Mackenzie's incomparable rendering of an earlier white paper, Control of Public Expenditure (Cmnd 1432), which he first published in The Guardian of 25 May 1963.

We do, however, have one advantage over Mackenzie. Thanks to our resident Whitehall mole, we have been lucky enough to get a sight of what may well have formed the ‘Yes, Minister’ briefing for Lord Soames when he was considering presenting his white paper to the 1922 Committee. Extracts from this are printed in italics underneath our own translation. They provide a necessary gloss not only on what is contained in the white paper but also ‐ and perhaps more importantly ‐ on what has been left out.     

Optimal wage re-negotiation in a closed and open economy

This paper investigates an economy in which there are short-term wage contracts that are re-negotiated under certain conditions. The paper determines the optimal frequency of wage re-negotiation and shows that it depends positively on measures of aggregate variability and Phillips curve slope. The role of optimal wage re-negotiation is to mitigate the output effects of various shocks. In the context of an open economy, it is shown that the desirable exchange rate regime in an economy with optimal wage re-negotiation depends on the stochastic structure of the economy.     

The importance of model structure

This paper presents a single thesis relating to the potential uses of structural modelling. In the first section it is argued that the development of conventional dynamic modelling techniques has shifted attention from the important task of producing a model structure which adequately represents a complex system. The paper then discusses various methods of system representation which are suitable for the analysis and improvement of model structure. Finally, a brief survey is presented of some automatic procedures which the authors have developed to provide what they believe to be an essential balance in the methodology of modelling.     

Perceived importance of corporate boards in October 1987

This study provides empirical evidence from the U.S. firms that shareholders perceived corporate boards to be more important during than surrounding the October 1987 stock market crisis. The results indicate that during the crisis market-adjusted stock returns are negatively associated with CEO–chair duality, board size, and the presence of inside blockholders on board. The valuation effects of CEO–chair duality, percent of inside directors, and the presence of inside blockholders on board are stronger during than surrounding the crisis. The results are consistent with the view that corporate boards have valuation effects.     

金融因素对我国居民收入差距的影响研究

影响居民收入差距的因素有制度因素、禀赋因素等等。在所有因素当中,金融因素对居民收入差距的影响往往容易被忽视。实际上,金融市场完善程度和金融资产配置平衡程度都会对居民收入差距产生重大的影响。本文分析了金融因素对居民收入差距影响的研究现状和影响机理,最后提出缩小我国居民收入差距应采取的金融措施。