银行汇率避险产品对外汇管理的影响研究

人民币汇率形成机制改革以来，人民币汇率总体呈现升值态势，涉汇主体汇率避险需求日益强烈。它们已不满足于远期等单一的避险产品，部分外汇指定银行推出组合的汇率避险产品并迅猛增长，这类产品种类繁多，给当前的外汇管理提出严峻挑战。     

人民币汇率衍生品业务回顾与分析

自我国汇率制度改革以来，美元兑人民币汇率波动幅度日趋加大。中国人民银行发布了《关于扩大外汇指定银行对客户远期结售汇业务和开办人民币与外币掉期业务有关问题的通知》和《关于加快发展外汇市场有关问题的通知》等件，以促进人民币衍生产品的发展。出乎预料的是，人民币汇率制度改革后，企业对汇率衍生产品的需求反而出现了下降的情形。本以远期结售汇为例做一分析。[第一段]     

关于吉林省银行外币理财与汇率避险业务开展情况的调查

自2005年7月21日人民币汇率形成机制改革以后，为帮助银行、企业和居民个人更好地进行外币理财、更有效地规避汇率风险，人民银行相继推出了各种外币理财与汇率避险工具。外汇指定银行开办远期结售汇业务和掉期等业务，实质上是代替企业承担了汇率风险，而银行却在自身避险工具方面比较欠缺。为了了解近一年来吉林省各家外汇指定银行在外币理财与避险方面的总体情况、存在的主要问题以及在业务开展过程中积累了哪些经验与教训，为人民银行总行和国家外汇管理局针对吉林省实际情况制定和调整宏观决策，指导银行更加合理有效地利用避险工具规避汇率风险，国家外汇管理局吉林省分局开展了此项专题调查。     

封闭式人民币质押外汇贷款业务的可行性分析

一、背景 1、人民币汇率体制改革之后，为了给银行与企业开辟更多的避险工具，央行出台了《关于扩大外汇指定银行对客户远期结售汇业务和开办人民币对外币掉期业务的通知》，引起了人们对人民币汇率风险防范问题的广泛关注。在更具有弹性的人民币汇率机制下，银行如何在利用外汇远期市场为企业提供产品服务的同时，规避自身所面临的汇率风险，是汇率改革后银行发展外汇业务所面临的紧迫问题。     

警惕汇率避险产品风险

为全面深入地掌握商业银行汇率避险产品业务开展情况,外汇局河南省分局组织开展了对辖内外汇指定银行汇率避险产品的专项调研。调查发现,2010～2011年第一季度,河南省银行汇率避险产品整体的业务量是28.2亿美元,总量十分有限。这类业务主要集中在外汇业务量较大的银行。各银     

汇改新案例：外汇人民币掉期定价及运用

2005年7月21日，人民币汇率机制进行了重大改革，央行宣布对人民币汇率进行小幅升值、将人民币汇率由钉住美元改为参照一篮子货币，随后又相继出台了几项改革举措，其中，最引入注目的是8月9日发布的《关于扩大外汇指定银行对客户远期结售汇业务和开办人民币与外币掉期业务有关问题的通知》，允许各外汇指定银行对客户开办人民币与外币掉期业务，这项改革举措可以认为是中国金融衍生产品市场发展的一个里程碑，为央行推出更多人民币金融衍生产品提供了思路。     

人民币汇率改革后的企业汇率风险防范

人民币汇率改革后,在进一步升值的压力下,涉外企业应增强汇率风险意识,着手进行汇率风险管理。防范措施除了采用传统的避险方法之外,还可以采用远期结售汇和交叉套期保值技术等,而具体的避险方法选择应取决于具体的条件。     

外贸形势分析与汇率避险研究

随着中美贸易摩擦不断升级,贸易保护主义和单边主义抬头,我国外贸形势愈加复杂多变,自2015年“811汇改”以来,人民币汇率结束了单边升值态势,人民币双向波动趋势已经形成,人民币汇率波动率加大,这需要外贸企业进一步增强外汇风险管理理念,选对合适的避险产品和工具,提升企业汇率避险管理水平。     

汇改后江西省外汇理财和避险业务开展情况调查

2005年7月21日人民币汇率形成机制改革，使汇率风险成为我国银行、企业不得不面对的问题。新汇率机制运行以来，江西省外汇理财和避险业务开展的情况怎样，为此我们对外汇指定银行进行了专题调查。     

警惕汇率避险产品风险

为全面深入地掌握商业银行汇率避险产品业务开展情况，外汇局河南省分局组织开展了对辖内外汇指定银行汇率避险产品的专项调研。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

金融企业员工考核系统的设计

一、概述 为配合公司人事考核制度的贯彻执行,保证该制度执行过程中各项工作能够长期、高效、准确地完成,我们开发了公司员工考核系统,实现了人事考核工作中员工投票、考核统计、考核信息分析、报表生成等功能,减少了人事部门人员的手工操作,提高了考核工作的自动化程度.