能源约束、环境规制对FDI流动的经济效应分析——来自215个城市的经验证据

目前资源环境已经影响到社会经济的各个方面，能源约束、环境规制对FDI流动具有重大的影响。基于此，利用215个城市面板数据，就能源约束、环境规制对FDI的区域流动以及FDI流动对城市经济在规模、结构、技术等方面的效应进行实证分析。分析结果发现：能源约束对FDI流入沿海城市影响较弱，对流入内陆城市影响显著；环境规制有利于沿海城市生态质量的改善，但对内陆城市的影响不明显；FDI流动对各区域城市的经济规模、结构、技术等表现出显著的差异性，总体上呈沿海向内陆弱化的趋势。     

环境规制是否抑制了外商直接投资的流入？

基于中国工业企业数据库、中国环境数据库和国泰安城市数据库的匹配数据,采用赫克曼（Heckman）两阶段模型,本文研究了环境规制对外商直接投资（FDI）流入的影响及作用机制。研究结果表明：环境规制对企业的FDI决策和FDI数量均具有显著的负向影响,并且对污染行业企业的负向影响更大、更明显;无论是港澳台投资还是外商投资,环境规制都对其引资决策和引资数量产生了显著的负向影响,并且对外商投资的负向影响更大、更明显;环境规制对私营企业、中西部地区企业、劳动密集型企业、低生产率企业、小规模企业和高融资约束企业的引资行为具有更大、更明显的负向影响;金融危机后,环境规制对FDI的负向影响增强;环境规制通过生产成本效应抑制了FDI的流入,并通过创新激励效应促进了FDI的流入,并且生产成本效应明显大于创新激励效应。 关键词：环境规制FDI流入FDI决策FDI数量赫克曼两阶段模型     

外商直接投资的环境效应分析——以浙江省为例

本文首先就外商直接投资的环境效应提出了两点假设.并以浙江省为例,通过回归分析,对外商直接投资的环境效应进行了研究.实证检验的结果表明,当地环境规制对FDI的流入有显著影响,两者呈正相关:环境规制强度越大,FDI流入就越多;反之,亦然.外商直接投资规模与污染排放量之间存在"倒U型"关系:初始时,随着FDI规模的增加,工业废气排放总量、工业固废总量等随之增加;当FDI达到一定规模时,污染总量可能下降.但在当前,外商直接投资规模与污染排放量之间主要呈线性关系.     

我国环境规制对不同来源国FDI的影响

利用对中国直接投资排名前33位国家和地区的面板数据,对环境规制等因素与不同来源国FDI流入的关系进行研究,结果显示,我国环境规制虽然在一定程度上阻碍了来自发展中国家的FDI,但对发达国家的FDI并未产生影响.由于我国FDI大部分来自发达国家,因此我国环境规制对FDI流入的影响是有限的.提高我国的环境规制水平不但不会抑制FDI企业的进入,反而可以提高高新技术企业的竞争优势,发挥这些企业的技术扩散、外溢效应,更好地实现招商引资的战略目的.     

环境规制如何影响劳动力流动：基于人口跨市流入流出双重视角的分析

党的二十大报告中强调要“协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长”。推动绿色发展成为实现中国式现代化的内在要求,而环境规制作为政府生态环境保护的重要工具,不可避免地会深刻影响经济体系的诸多领域。本文聚焦于劳动力市场领域,基于条件Logit模型,从流入流出两大维度研究了环境规制对劳动力流动的影响。研究发现,强化城市环境规制抑制了劳动力流入,加速劳动力的流出。机制研究发现,环境规制通过影响城市就业岗位与环境质量作用于劳动力流动。环境规制增强,就业岗位减少,抑制劳动力流入,促进流出;环境质量改善,吸引劳动力流入,抑制流出。目前,就业效应的消极作用相较环境改善效应占主导地位。进一步研究发现,环境规制的影响存在个体与城市异质性,低龄、女性、高教育水平的流动个体更容易遭遇环境规制的负面冲击;沿海省份、秦岭淮河以南和规模较小的城市,这种抑制效应更为明显。本文的政策启示在于：各城市在实施更加积极的环境规制改善环境质量的同时,也要做好受到冲击的劳动力的分流、转岗、培训和再就业工作,保障社会民生,平稳实现城市的绿色转型。     

加快对外直接投资促进FDI流入与流出协调发展

如同国际贸易的进口与出口,FDI流入与流出也存在密切联系,一个国家FDI流入,外国企业流动的所有权优势与本国不可流动的区位优势互补,这有利于该国比较优势的充分利用;反过来,一个国家FDI流出,该国企业所有权优势与其它国家的区位优势相结合,可以充分利用其它国家的比较优势,因此,FDI流入与流出协调发展有利于一国经济发展和福利水平提高.从FDI流入与流出的规模、结构和质量等方面分析,我国FDI发展还存在一些问题.在经济全球化不断深入的条件下,为了充分利用国内外资源、促进经济增长方式转变和企业国际竞争力提高,我国应加快发展对外直接投资,促进引进外资和对外直接投资协调发展.     

FDI、环境规制与技术进步——基于中国省级数据的实证分析

本文利用中国30个省区市2000～2009年的数据考查FDI技术溢出效应、环境规制强度对工业技术进步的影响,同时估算了环境规制强度对FDI溢出效应的工业技术进步边际效应的影响,结果发现FDI溢出效应阻碍了各地区工业技术的进步,加强环境规制有利于各地区工业技术进步,而且环境规制对促进FDI溢出的边际效应存在显著影响。另外通过对各地区工业进行国有企业、私营企业以及"三资"企业分组后,发现环境规制强度对促进技术进步、FDI溢出存在异质性影响。     

简析现代港口物流对海口城市经济发展的影响

随着现代港口物流的发展,沿海城市由于利用现代港口优势,建立起了经济开发区、保税物流园区等,使其经济迅速发展,不断地超越内陆城市经济。本文主要针对这个问题进行分析研究,以揭示现代港口物流对城市经济发展影响的内在规律。     

FDI与出口贸易结构关系研究(1978～2005年)——基于DLM与TVP模型的检验

本文分析初级产品、工业制品出口贸易结构及出口贸易方式结构变化,并研究其变化原因,同时借助分布滞后模型及变参数经济计量模型,探讨1978年以来FDI对出口贸易结构变化的影响。研究认为出口贸易存在巨大利润空间与政策空间,并促成外资流入规模逐年扩大;但伴随着外资的流入,出口贸易结构并未优化,需要通过政策措施调整FDI的流入规模与方向,进一步实现贸易结构升级。     

区域金融规模、效率及其对FDI溢出效应的影响研究——来自长江三角洲经济圈的实证分析和检验

FDI促进经济增长的能力与一个国家或地区的金融发展水平(规模、效率)联系紧密。我国现有研究较多关注的是全国状况或者一个省区状况,本文则将研究视角定位于经济圈,选择我国FDI集中流入的长三角经济圈作为研究对象,将金融发展分解为量和质两个维度,对长三角经济圈的金融规模、效率对FDI溢出效应影响进行了系统研究。论文实证分析和检验的结果发现:长三角经济圈金融信贷规模的扩大反而抑制了FDI技术溢出的吸收,而金融市场效率的改进所产生的效果则刚好相反,即能够显著放大FDI对区域经济的正贡献率。     

科学源于讨论发展于交流

全文较系统地回顾了现代物流业的发展历程,认为只要在市场经济的体制下,运用最新的科学技术于商品流通的全过程之中,才可能形成现代物流业的服务体系,物流业的发展是一个循序渐进的过程,现代物流业的内涵和外延与人类社会文明发展的阶段性密切相连。     

Spillovers from universities: Evidence from the land-grant program

This paper estimates the short- and long-run effects of universities on geographic clustering of economic activity, labor market composition and local productivity and presents evidence of local spillovers from universities. I treat the designation of land-grant universities in the 1860s as a natural experiment after controlling for the confounding factors with a combination of synthetic control methods and event-study analyses. Three key results are obtained. First, the designation increased local population density by 6 percent within 10 years and 45 percent in 80 years. Second, the designation did not change the relative size of local manufacturing sector. Third, the designation enhanced local manufacturing output per worker by $2136 (1840 dollars; 57 percent) in 80 years while the short-run effects were negligible. This positive effect on the productivity in non-education sectors suggests the existence of local spillovers from universities. Over an 80-year horizon, my results indicate that the increase in manufacturing productivity reflects both the impact of direct spillovers from universities and general agglomeration economies that arise from the increase in population.     

诚招天下客 誉从信中来

在现代商品经济的社会中,时时处处都要讲诚意,守信用。搞经营,做买卖,无“诚”不行,无“信”不立,这是一条经营者恪守的法则。然而,近日来,接二连三地发生了“背信”、“失诚”的事件。例如,在化妆品的市场,发生了国际品牌SK—Ⅱ产品被检出违禁物     

America's decoupling from China: A perspective from stock markets

America's decoupling-from-China debate started after July 2018, reached its peak in August 2020, and is likely to continue even if it may not be a high priority for the Biden administration. Many studies have examined various aspects of this issue, especially the potential economic impacts on the US economy. Unlike previous research, this study looks at the response of stock markets. Using Google Trends data, this study created a weekly dataset from January 2020 to June 2021 to measure investor sentiment towards the US decoupling from China. Employing the generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models, the study finds that concern over decoupling is associated with significant variations in stock market prices. From this we can infer that the overall effects of decoupling on the US economy are likely to be considerable.     

Learning from Honda

The case of the Honda Motor Company has been cited frequently in the strategic management literature. A review reveals that Honda's strategy has been used to illustrate and support apparently contradictory positions on a series of conceptual dichotomies, namely analytical planning versus learning, market positioning versus resource-based and, within the last of these, core competencies versus core capabilities. A critical analysis of this literature reveals empirical inaccuracies and a focus on Honda's strategic successes to the neglect of its failures. More significantly, explanations and general strategy implications are couched in terms of reductionist one-sided theories, a tendency which is only deepened when strategy thinkers debate 'the meaning of Honda'. This theoretical approach is particularly ill suited to Honda, an important strategic capability of which appears to be precisely the reconciliation of dichotomous management concepts. Western strategy thinkers have therefore missed the opportunity to develop a more appropriate and productive paradigm for learning from Honda.     

Disengaging from engagement

Two basic approaches to engagement are contrasted. Work engagement relates to an individual's psychological state of mind while at work. The problems with this and its limited relevance to HRM are considered: its concern with a minority of employees, the way non‐engaged staff are portrayed, the airbrushing out of conflict and the pernicious use of positive psychology. Employee or behavioural engagement is more relevant to HRM and employment relations but suffers from a lack of definition and a failure to specify the components that are associated with higher levels of employee engagement. It is usually a‐contextual and lacks the subtlety of earlier work on HR and performance, while covering the same ground. Problems remain with research seeking to show the connections with financial performance. Boiling engagement measures down to one score is particularly worrying. The management of employee engagement in the UK National Health Service illustrates that properly constructed studies of employee engagement can inform policies and practices to improve work relations, employee well‐being and aspects of performance.     

春兰信息三则

(一)品牌建设获商务部肯定 日前,国家商务部在北京召开了品牌发展工作座谈会,邀请春兰、中国粮油食品进出口、上海汽车、青岛啤酒、深圳华为、宁波雅戈尔、四川五粮液等十家国内著名品牌企业,就中国品牌建设现状、提高品牌国际竞争力及扩大名牌商品出口等问题进行了热烈的讨论,春兰作为多元化企业代表,介绍了自身品牌建设的主要经验,其做法获得了商务部肯定.     

Logic from space

This is one of the essential results of an inquiry into spacetime-sociology which was outlined and begun with in a research memorandum of the Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna (IHS) 1992. It contains a proof that classical logic, or Boole's laws of thought, can be derived from an original concept of orientation that has emerged in human cognition during paleolithic worship activity. The original concept of orientation represents a genetic structure of orientation in both physical and social space. This is of a considerable importance. Because the original concept of orientation in its exact mathematical form is a symmetry in space, strictly a subgroup of the rotation-groupD ₃. Thus it belongs to the fields of mathematics and physics entirely and has nothing to do with logistics, linguistics or sociology. On the other hand binary logic is an important aspect of language and thought and seems to have little in common with the perception of objects in space. So there is a connection between logic and orientation in space. Mathematically this is represented by an isomorphism between the spatial symmetryD _2d of the Mandala of the quartered circle and the symmetry of classical logic.