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总量均衡区间及其对宏观经济运行与调控的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
市场经济条件下,供给方调整其生产规模所需的成本可称为调节成本.由于存在调节成本,传统分析中的总量均衡中心点两侧便分别存在着\"低位临界点\"与\"高位临界点\",这两点界定了一个特殊的\"总量均衡区间\".总量均衡区间的存在对宏观经济运行与调控有着多方面的影响,它使总量波动的形态发生了一定变化,使市场机制对总量平衡的调节作用进一步削弱,使现实经济运行中的总量失衡呈现出更为复杂多样的形态,使政府宏观调控的操作难度进一步增加.因此,应更新对总量失衡状态的理解,重视总量均衡区间及其影响,对区间内总量失衡进行专门而深入的研究. 相似文献
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市场经济条件下厂商将其供给量调整到合理水平所需的费用可称为微观调节成本。由于存在微观调节成本,传统分析中宏观层面上的就业均衡中心心两侧便分别存在着“低位临界点”与“高位临界点”,这两点界定一个“市场均衡就业区间”,社会就业一旦进入该区间,市场机制便不可能再对其作出调节。“市场均衡就业区间”的存在,使现代市场经济条件下的劳动市场成为一种特殊的“连续非出清市场”,其直观表现即经济运行中经常性地存在两个层面的就业失衡;根源于有效需求不足的 “需求短缺型失业”,与存在于市场均衡就业区间内部的“区间内就业失衡”。前者可通过实行各种扩张性经济政策予以消除,后者则一般需采取多种特殊政策措施方可有效应对,其中,积极扶持和促进个体经济发展对有效化解“区间内就业不足”,从而减轻就业压力具有独特作用,因而尤应引起高度重视。 相似文献
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市场经济条件下,厂商将其供给量调整到合理水平所需的费用可称为微观调节成本。由于存在这种特殊的经济运行费用,因而传统分析中宏观层面上的就业均衡点两侧便分别存在着“低位临界点”与“高位临界点”,这两点界定了一个“市场均衡就业区间”,社会就业一旦进入该区间,市场机制便不可能对其做出调节。 相似文献
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基于新凯恩斯DSGE模型对中国总需求和总供给函数进行估计及分解结果显示,中国总需求曲线陡峭而总供给曲线平坦,说明中国经济受到总需求冲击最大,而总供给冲击作用较小。影响中国总需求、总供给的主要因素是居民对未来经济波动的预期。今后中国在操作货币政策时应注重规则使用,同时增加政策透明度,使公众能够形成与政策制定者相同的预期,从而提高政策效应。 相似文献
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货币政策的新中介目标——加权货币总量指数 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
中介目标选择对于一个有效的货币政策操作框架而言至关重要,当前多数中央银行倾向以简单加总货币总量作为货币政策中介目标,但由于各层次货币资产存在的流动性差别及非完全替代性,从理论上讲简单加总难以准确描述货币作为交易中介对经济活动的影响。以货币资产的“使用者成本”作为权重的divisia加权货币总量指数,体现了不同层次的货币结构,且具有逆周期性特征,目前在国外已取得了一定的应用效果。文章介绍了divisia加权货币总量指数的编制原理,并运用该模型计算比较了我国divisia加权货币总量指数的表现,以期为货币政策中介目标的完善提供借鉴。 相似文献
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债券价格的决定理论主要有古典利率理论、流动偏好理论、可贷资金理论和理性预期理论。本文采用协整和因果检验方法,研究宏观经济变量、货币金融变量与我国债券市场价格波动的联动和因果关系。我国债券市场价格与固定资产投资、净出口,物价指数、货币供应量、金融机构存贷款和外汇储备存在长期均衡关系。居民储蓄和净出口对我国债券市场价格走势具有单向引导关系,我国债券市场价格对固定资产投资和金融机构存款具有显著影响。 相似文献
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本文通过实证分析,研究了外部冲击通过需求拉动、成本推动和货币冲击三条渠道对国内价格波动产生影响。进一步分析表明,在外部冲击导致国内价格波动的背后,反应出我国宏观经济结构失衡、增长方式不合理、资源价格和汇率弹性需进一步增强等深层次问题。 相似文献
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周兆芳 《江西金融职工大学学报》2009,(1):86-88
文章就固定资产投资与就业变动对江西省内经济增长的影响关系进行了实证研究,采用1978至2007年的数据运用协整检验与误差修正模型方法建立了计量模型,结果表明江西省经济增长与固定资产投资、就业之间存在着长期均衡与短期波动的关系。 相似文献
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税收总收入最大和反避税收益最大不一致,税收总成本收益最大和反避税调查成本收益最大也不一致。反避税调查应以税收总成本收益最大为目标,以总成本收益情况作为考核反避税调查部门工作的指标。 相似文献
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Costs are sticky on average, that is, they fall less for sales decreases than they rise for equivalent sales increases. We examine the effect of this asymmetric cost behavior on a firm's dividend policy. Given investors’ aversion to dividend cuts, we predict that firms with higher resource adjustment costs and stickier costs pay lower dividends than their peers because they are less able to sustain any higher level of dividend payouts in the future. We find evidence consistent with this prediction. Further, using a regression discontinuity design that exploits variation in labor adjustment costs generated by close-call union elections, we provide evidence suggesting that the negative relation between cost stickiness and dividend payouts is driven by resource adjustment costs. Our paper sheds new light on the determinants of dividend policy and demonstrates the role of cost behavior in corporate decisions. 相似文献
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合理的流动性管理要求银行用尽可能低的成本组织流动性供给,以实现流动性均衡.不同的流动性供给方式在满足不同发生概率的流动性需求水平时,有不同的成本结构.备付金、可转换资产和主动负债这三种基本的流动性供给方式的成本构成,都可以表示为备付成本和交易成本之和.通过对各种流动性供给方式的成本进行比较,确定一个成本最低的流动性供给方案,在坐标图中即不同流动性供给方式的成本曲线组成的曲线簇下边界.当影响流动性供给成本的市场因素发生变化时,银行根据成本最小化原则确定的最佳流动性供给方案也将有所变动. 相似文献
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以重庆为研究样本,考察管理成本对农户贷款供给影响,结果表明:农户贷款管理成本高,使得金融机构减少贷款供给;贷款对象与金融机构距离远近、账户维护方式、催缴贷款方式及次数、贷款额度、信用调查时间对金融机构贷款对象选择有显著影响.金融机构倾向于选择大企业、信用调查时间短的农户作为贷款对象,排斥贷款数额小且频率高、信用调查时间长的农户.因此,应推行农户贷款精细化管理、引入贷款额度成本控制管理. 相似文献
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Change in the level of residential construction affects macroeconomic conditions and is an important determinant of movements in house prices. Theory teaches us that increases in the cost of construction should reduce the supply of new housing. Yet empirical research has failed to find a consistent relationship between these costs and housing starts. This article introduces an entirely new set of micro-data on housing construction costs to study this issue. We develop quality-controlled, hedonic construction cost series from these data. Using this series, we estimate housing supply and construction cost functions for new single-family residences. This research demonstrates that bias in the commercial cost indexes used in existing housing supply studies is a likely cause of their poor performance in existing estimates of the supply of new single-family housing. The bias appears to be caused by an incorrect measure of labor costs and a failure to address the endogeneity of construction costs and construction activity. In contrast, starts regressions using the hedonic cost series generate much more sensible results. We find that housing starts are quite cost elastic; construction costs are endogenous in the new housing supply function, and the cost shares of material and labor in the structure of new residences are approximately 65 and 35%, respectively. 相似文献
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This note provides an empirical analysis of the potential for heuristic-based approaches to derive a divisional cost of equity from a firm's total cost of capital. Since an empirical relationship between fundamental information and systematic risk has previously been shown in other studies, idiosyncratic information on risk and performance ought to serve as a good proxy to calculate divisional adjustments. Two practically used, heuristic-based approaches are tested and a significant relationship is found between one of the measures and CAPM beta. This method may offer a plausible and comparatively uncomplicated method for adjusting a firm's total cost of capital for divisional use. 相似文献
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Models with a premium on external finance produce counterfactual predictions about liquidity management. We address this shortcoming by introducing a fixed cost of increasing external finance into an otherwise standard investment/financing problem. This additional financial friction is well-motivated by case studies and our analysis shows that it generates more realistic predictions about liquidity management: firms hold external finance and idle cash simultaneously, and may invest an additional dollar of cash flow in liquidity rather than repaying external funds or investing in productive capital. In addition to better fitting the stylized facts about the time-series and cross-sectional pattern of liquidity holding, these results may help shed light on the fragility of estimates of investment–cash flow sensitivities. 相似文献
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本文以2007~2016年553家上市公司发行的997只公司债券为研究对象,探讨系族集团及其内部结构特征对企业债券融资成本的影响。文章发现:相较于独立的上市公司,集团上市公司的债券融资成本更低,且这一关系随着外部市场化水平的提高而减弱;进一步地,集团内部结构特征对企业债券融资成本具有重要影响:当集团最终控制人的相对持股比例越高、发债公司在集团金字塔结构中的层级越高、集团中上市公司数量越多以及集团涉足金融行业时,集团成员上市公司的债券融资成本更低。本文基于系族集团的视角考察企业债券的融资成本,既丰富了企业集团的相关文献,又对监管层维护债券市场稳定和深化金融体制改革具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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《Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies》2013,6(1):108-123
Since a crisis is a shock impinging on a system, the response can be used to deduce aspects of the system's structure. Analysis of the crisis and recovery suggests aggregate supply in India is elastic but subject to upward shocks. This has implications for cyclical policy and for fiscal consolidation. Both monetary and fiscal policy should identify measures that would reduce costs, while avoiding too large a demand contraction. Specific policies are identified and Indian policies evaluated. 相似文献