基于元数据的数据集成研究

本文介绍了元数据的概念并从分布式异构数据集成的需求出发．指出了数据集成中间件使用元数据技术的必要性，提出一种基于元数据的数据整合方法，通过从局部模式到全局模式的归并算法，可以提高模式集成的自动化能力。     

船舶企业信息化的分布式支撑环境

本文提出了船舶企业信息化的主要技术内涵及其体系结构,该体系结构同时考虑了供应链上企业之间的横向一体化和基于多层分布式对象技术的纵向一体化。分析了船舶企业信息化与现有的分布式对象结构的主要矛盾,针对这一矛盾,提出了面向船舶企业信息化的分布式支撑环境的主要技术内涵。给出了一个面向船舶企业信息化分布式支撑环境的典型框架结构,该架构通过W eb Service服务层整合异构分布式对象,并用传统的Socket通信方式以解决实时通信的问题。     

X基于MAS的列车运行图智能编制系统建模方法研究

根据我国铁路网的分布式特性,在列车运行图编制相关研究成果的基础上,结合我国铁路现有管理体制和路网条件,论述利用Agent技术编制列车运行图的基本思想和系统结构,以及基于MAS的系统建模方法,建立智能编制运行图的多Agent体系结构,以及Agent通信及协作机制,对运行图的编制方法进行了探索.     

分布式集团资金集中系统构建研究

资金集中管理主要有两个难点:成员单位阻力和金融机构阻力。分布式资金集中系统是一个多银行多级次多站点的现金池架构,具有兼顾集团整体和下属单位利益,同时兼顾合作金融机构利益的优点,有效解决了资金统筹管理和产权单位资金自由使用以及金融机构诉求问题。分布式资金集中系统在达到效益和效率提升的同时,照顾了成员单位的运营效率和市场竞争力。此外,现金池中的资金采取市场化运作,成员单位能够分享增量收益,让系统建设和运行成为一项技术问题而不是管理问题,最大程度地保障了资金管理系统的成功建设,以及建成后的平稳健康运行。     

区块链的融合赋能

正技术优势区块链目前尚无统一的定义,在中国信息通信研究院《区块链白皮书(2019)》中定义为:区块链是一种由多方共同维护,使用密码学保证传输和访问安全,能够实现数据一致存储、难以篡改、防止抵赖的记账技术;在中国人民银行《金融分布式账本技术安全规范》中定义为:分布式账本技术是密码算法、共识机制、点对点通讯协议、分布式存储等多种核心技术体系高度融合形成的一种分布式基础架构与计算范式。区块链的基本结构如图1所示。     

区块链技术在航空商务结算领域的应用探索

区块链技术是一种分布式记账技术,是一种融合了加密技术、Peer to Peer (P2P)、共识机制、分布式数据存储的新型应用模式.区块链的可信任分布式记账机制与结算业务的结合,将开启消费-结算的全新模式,实现多交易主体之间的结算清分,提升运营效率和降低运营风险.本文针对航空商务交易过程中公对公结算存在的痛点问题,展开...     

区块链技术在教育精准扶贫中的应用优势和实现路径

教育精准扶贫自实施以来,成效显著,但也面临教育扶贫资金不透明、扶贫对象不精准、教育成果难兑现、扶贫教师匹配差、学生隐私性不足等问题。区块链技术具有共识机制、不可篡改性、可追溯性、分布式账本及去中心化等特性和优势,有助于解决精准扶贫存在的问题。区块链应用于教育扶贫需要从人才、技术、制度三个实现路径给予支持、促进发展,使区块链更好地为教育精准扶贫提供技术助力。     

基于网络数据库的列车运行图体系结构研究

通过对列车运行图系统的体系结构进行研究，提出列车运行图编制系统应采用服务器的三层体系结构和基于分布式的数据库体系结构，并结合基于对象－关系模型的ORACLE数据库管理系统，对数据访问方式进行了探讨。     

基于J2EE的WEB技术构建电子商务

本文讨论J2EE和MVC的基本概念和基本内容,提出了一个运用J2EE和MVC的WEB技术搭建分布式电子商务的系统模型,并对其核心技术进行了论述。     

基于区块链技术的电力市场交易机制架构及应用研究

随着区块链技术在能源领域的应用,加之区块链技术本身拥有去中心化、分布式、防篡改等优势,其逐步受到电力市场交易行业的关注和应用.区块链技术在电力市场交易机制中,一般以分布式电源形式存在于区块链网络上,用其组建的网络渠道实现交易的完成并在线上完成合同约定事项.在区块链电力市场交易机制下,可以提高工作的高效性、快速性和便宜性...     

Profiling road transport activity: Emissions from 2000 to 2005 in Ireland using national car test data

This work describes a methodology for determining the average vehicle kilometres travelled by the private national car fleet in Ireland and estimating the disaggregated CO₂ and NO_x emissions from private vehicles in the Irish road transport sector for the period 2000–2005 using national car test records. The developed methodology facilitates the calculation of greatly improved estimates for vehicle kilometres under a range of constraint variables and thereby enables the disaggregated analysis of specific vehicle fleet groups and their associated activity patterns to support evidence-based policy development. The results indicate that while older vehicles are contributing significantly to car NO_x emissions; newer cars produce a higher share of CO₂ emissions than older cars in the vehicle fleet.     

Temporal variance of revealed preference on-street parking price elasticity

This paper utilises revealed-preference parking trend data from parking meters ex ante and ex post of a general 50% price increase in the hourly cost of on-street parking to estimate the on-street parking price elasticity of demand in an area of Dublin, Ireland. Estimates are presented for the aggregate price elasticity of demand level and individual estimates for specific time periods and days of the week. In terms of reduced parking frequency, the average price elasticity of demand reported is −0.29. Daily average estimates are consistent, with one notable exception being Thursday, a ‘late night shopping’ day for which a lower price sensitivity is reported. Morning periods are also shown to be more responsive than other time periods in the test area, indicating some potential for influencing morning inbound peak traffic levels.     

企业筹资中亟待重视非显性成本的管理

在企业筹资过程中,必然会导致非显性成本的产生。非显性成本具有不可控、误导等特性,往往掩盖企业总成本的真实性,影响决策的预期效应,影响经济决策的科学判断和正确选择。因此,不能把非显性成本排除在经济形势观察的视野之外,为此对铁路企业筹资中降低非显性成本提出有关建议。     

我国西部交通发展战略与措施探讨

地区间发展不平衡、东西部差距加大,已成为我国国民经济和社会全面持续发展的羁绊,而交通是其中的一个主要影响因素。针对目前我国西部交通发展建设中存在的问题,对西部交通的发展战略目标和设想进行了探讨,提出了建立西部综合运输体系新格局,以及加快西部交通发展的建议。     

Advancing consumer behaviour theory in tourism via visual narrative art

This paper advances (i) propositions of consumer behaviour theory in tourism via storytelling theory and (ii) skills in decoding elements and subtle details that appear in ‘good stories’ versus not‐so‐good stories within travel contexts. The present paper presents a set of iconic story symbols for use in decoding stories and shows how to use these tools for decoding tourism‐related narratives. Practice using these visual iconic symbols in decoding stories achieves effective storytelling learning via cognitive sculpting; that is, learning improves from moving and arranging (sculpting) potentially three‐dimensional story or electronically movable icons while talking or writing narratives. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Business travellers' perception of service quality: a prefatory study of two European city centre hotels

The business traveller contributes significantly to the turnover of the hotel industry and, with the globalisation of business, this sector shows signs of increasing growth. Service quality has now become one of the main factors used to gain competitive advantage, thus the industry must focus more specifically on the needs and expectations of its business customers. The aim of this paper is to focus on the business travel market and more specifically on the comparison of two hotels in two European cities, Brussels and Manchester. This area of research has not been attempted before and will provide an interesting comparison with findings in USA. A literature review identified the relevant attributes used to measure service quality, which were utilised to design a questionnaire, distributed to customers in a five star hotel in Manchester and in Brussels. The primary data obtained were then compared with the findings of other researchers. The analysis indicated that Brussels scored the majority of the attributes more highly (many significantly) than did Manchester. This may be influenced by the international profile of the Brussels respondents who tended to travel on business more frequently than the Manchester sample. The comparisons with the USA surveys found some inconsistencies that might be attributed to societal differences.Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Differential tourism zones on the western Canada–US border

This paper examines how a single international border can exact different policies, practices, spatial variations, and tourism spaces at various points along its length. Based on an examination of the westernmost portion of the Canada–US frontier, this constructivist study investigates how the juxtaposition of barriers, attractions, transit spaces, and tourism landscapes is created concurrently on a single stretch of an international boundary. Four coterminous ‘zones’ of tourism were identified, including an area of illegal activity, ports of entry or crossing points, the peace park, and the exclave zone. Theoretical and practical implications are drawn from this study for border managers, tourism planners, and border agencies.     

Financial distress,survival network design strategies,and airline pricing: An event study of a merger between a bankrupt FSC and an LCC in Brazil

This paper develops an event study to investigate the airfare effects of the bankruptcy of a financially distressed full-service carrier (FSC) and its subsequent acquisition by a low-cost carrier (LCC) in Brazil. We account for the distressed carrier's survival network design strategies (SNDS) pursued during its reorganization—a suspected source of sample selection bias. Additionally, as rivals' pricing could be aimed at driving the distressed/bankrupt carrier out of the market, we treat the carrier's distress as endogenously determined with it. Our results do not uncover any survival pricing behavior stemming from SNDS, but reveal fiercer price competition from rivals in periods preceding both the distressed carrier's bankruptcy filing and acquisition. We also find evidence of enduring price competitiveness in the long run of the acquisition event, shedding light on the potential facilitating role played by bankruptcy protection regulations in keeping and sustaining market contestability after the bankruptcy-filing period.     

Land development implications of the British rail freight renaissance

The post-war era saw a dramatic decline in both the volume and market share of freight transported by rail in Britain. This decline was associated with the closure of thousands of rail freight facilities and reduction by one third in the route mileage of the national railway network. However, as a result of railway privatisation and increasing constraints on the competitiveness of the road haulage industry, the long decline has halted and rail freight traffic is growing. This article reviews the implications of this change for the demand for rail freight facilities and for extra capacity in the railway network, and considers how the land-use planning and transport planning systems might respond.     

我国铁路运输发展战略的SWOT分析

SWOT分析法是将企业经营复杂的外部环境和内部条件归结为机会和威胁、优势和劣势4个方面,并对其进行综合分析和科学匹配。从加快我国铁路改革发展的目标出发,探讨如何运用SWOT战略分析方法,确定我国铁路运输企业目前面临的重要外部机会和威胁,以及内部存在的主要优势和劣势,从而对目前我国铁路运输业选择和制定的发展战略做出科学的评估。